張錦芯、郭慶民談英語閱讀技能的培養二
筆者建議考生必須采用正確的閱讀方式：邊讀邊有意識地把握文章的結構和作者的推理過程，并在此基礎上考察具體細節，進行判斷和引申。相反，只靠讀懂文章的大意或孤立地對照、檢查某個局部則無法確保做對文章所附問題。
首先，讓我們以2023年考題第三篇文章為例，概括地說明以上閱讀方式的含義和重要性，請考生特別注意用黑體標出的部分：
【例1】
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have under gone corresponding changes. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing so unds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored ink on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.?
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the expla- natory notes that a certain line descries a fight between a Turk and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty five kilograms.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotion-nal life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
【綜合分析】第一句提出作者的文學評論觀。第一段第二句表達了作者對未來派詩歌的看法，這種看法在最后一段第一句得到照應，僅僅抓住這兩句，我們對作者的觀點和意圖就能一目了然。第二段第一句的前半句告訴我們：本段談的是未來派詩人的創作理念，本段第三句對這個理念進行了概括性說明。第四段舉例說明了他們的創作特點。
相應地，下列四個題針對這些方面作者的文學評論觀、對未來派詩歌的看法、未來派詩歌的創作理念的重要信息展開提問。
59. This passage is mainly________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
【分析】該題測試考生對文章的宏觀把握。從文章第一段第二句提出觀點和最后一段第一句結論，不難看出，本文是對未來派詩歌的評論，因此，[B]是正確答案。
60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to________.
[A] determine its purposes
[B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions
[D] accept the principles
【分析】該題的測試重點是作者的文學評論觀。根據文章第一句，作者認為，每當一個新藝術運動達到一定流行程度時，最好先找出其倡導者的目的，因為無論其原則在今天看來可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是數年后它也許會被看做是正常的東西。因此，[A]是正確答案，意為：確定其目的。
61. Futurists claim that we must________.
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
【分析】該題提問的是未來派詩歌的創作理念，從文章第二段的主題來看，[C]是正確答案，意為：找出新的表達方式。
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of a basic change in human nature
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
【分析】本題的測試重點是作者對未來派詩歌的看法，作者對未來派詩歌進行了嚴厲的批評。在四個選擇項中，只有[D]含有批評意味，意為：與其說是文學，不如說是一種稍縱即逝的現象。
【說明】題號為原考研考題題號，黑體為作者所加，下文同。
以下我們就來具體談一談如何利用各種線索把握文章的重要信息
筆者建議考生必須采用正確的閱讀方式：邊讀邊有意識地把握文章的結構和作者的推理過程，并在此基礎上考察具體細節，進行判斷和引申。相反，只靠讀懂文章的大意或孤立地對照、檢查某個局部則無法確保做對文章所附問題。
首先，讓我們以2023年考題第三篇文章為例，概括地說明以上閱讀方式的含義和重要性，請考生特別注意用黑體標出的部分：
【例1】
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have under gone corresponding changes. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing so unds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored ink on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.?
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the expla- natory notes that a certain line descries a fight between a Turk and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty five kilograms.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotion-nal life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
【綜合分析】第一句提出作者的文學評論觀。第一段第二句表達了作者對未來派詩歌的看法，這種看法在最后一段第一句得到照應，僅僅抓住這兩句，我們對作者的觀點和意圖就能一目了然。第二段第一句的前半句告訴我們：本段談的是未來派詩人的創作理念，本段第三句對這個理念進行了概括性說明。第四段舉例說明了他們的創作特點。
相應地，下列四個題針對這些方面作者的文學評論觀、對未來派詩歌的看法、未來派詩歌的創作理念的重要信息展開提問。
59. This passage is mainly________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
【分析】該題測試考生對文章的宏觀把握。從文章第一段第二句提出觀點和最后一段第一句結論，不難看出，本文是對未來派詩歌的評論，因此，[B]是正確答案。
60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to________.
[A] determine its purposes
[B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions
[D] accept the principles
【分析】該題的測試重點是作者的文學評論觀。根據文章第一句，作者認為，每當一個新藝術運動達到一定流行程度時，最好先找出其倡導者的目的，因為無論其原則在今天看來可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是數年后它也許會被看做是正常的東西。因此，[A]是正確答案，意為：確定其目的。
61. Futurists claim that we must________.
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
【分析】該題提問的是未來派詩歌的創作理念，從文章第二段的主題來看，[C]是正確答案，意為：找出新的表達方式。
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of a basic change in human nature
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
【分析】本題的測試重點是作者對未來派詩歌的看法，作者對未來派詩歌進行了嚴厲的批評。在四個選擇項中，只有[D]含有批評意味，意為：與其說是文學，不如說是一種稍縱即逝的現象。
【說明】題號為原考研考題題號，黑體為作者所加，下文同。
以下我們就來具體談一談如何利用各種線索把握文章的重要信息
