九、甘地的和平主義

　　Gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhis attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to passive resistance as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujuruti, it seems the word means firmness in the truth. In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated?I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the youre another type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fishers Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhis view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitlers violence.

　　答案

　　46.其動機是宗教性質的，但他也說這是一種明顯的技巧，一種方法，它可以產生預期的政治效果。

　　47.這個由甘地提出并付諸實踐的方法，最早起源于南非，是一種非暴力的斗爭方式，用既不傷害對方又不會引發(fā)仇恨的手段打敗敵人。

　　48.早年間，在布爾戰(zhàn)爭期間甘地曾經為英方抬過擔架，而且在1914-1918年戰(zhàn)爭期間他又準備這么做。

　　49.而且也確實沒有采取毫無意義的、不誠實的態(tài)度，假裝說在所有戰(zhàn)爭中參戰(zhàn)雙方完全一樣，因而誰獲得勝利都無所謂。

　　50.我必須說，我從未從任何一個西方和平主義者那里聽到過對該問題的誠實的答復，但是卻聽大了大量的躲閃之詞，通常都是你是另外一回事之類的回答。

　　總體分析

　　本文是一篇介紹甘地的和平主義的文章。文章先介紹了甘地的和平主義的性質、來源、具體形式等。接著指出了甘地作為和平主義者的獨特之處：首先，他雖然反對暴力，但并不否認戰(zhàn)爭的立場;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的問題。

　　本文考查的知識點：后置定語、插入語、it做形式主語的主語從句等。

　　九、甘地的和平主義

　　Gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhis attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to passive resistance as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujuruti, it seems the word means firmness in the truth. In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated?I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the youre another type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fishers Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhis view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitlers violence.

　　答案

　　46.其動機是宗教性質的，但他也說這是一種明顯的技巧，一種方法，它可以產生預期的政治效果。

　　47.這個由甘地提出并付諸實踐的方法，最早起源于南非，是一種非暴力的斗爭方式，用既不傷害對方又不會引發(fā)仇恨的手段打敗敵人。

　　48.早年間，在布爾戰(zhàn)爭期間甘地曾經為英方抬過擔架，而且在1914-1918年戰(zhàn)爭期間他又準備這么做。

　　49.而且也確實沒有采取毫無意義的、不誠實的態(tài)度，假裝說在所有戰(zhàn)爭中參戰(zhàn)雙方完全一樣，因而誰獲得勝利都無所謂。

　　50.我必須說，我從未從任何一個西方和平主義者那里聽到過對該問題的誠實的答復，但是卻聽大了大量的躲閃之詞，通常都是你是另外一回事之類的回答。

　　總體分析

　　本文是一篇介紹甘地的和平主義的文章。文章先介紹了甘地的和平主義的性質、來源、具體形式等。接著指出了甘地作為和平主義者的獨特之處：首先，他雖然反對暴力，但并不否認戰(zhàn)爭的立場;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的問題。

　　本文考查的知識點：后置定語、插入語、it做形式主語的主語從句等。