2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Exercise and addiction 　　鍛煉也會上癮 　　Fun run 　　奔跑的奧秘 　　People, it seems, have evolved to be addicted toexercise 　　人類似乎在進化過程中對鍛煉上癮了 　　AS THE legions of gym bunnies and jogging enthusiasts who race out into the spring sunshineevery year clearly demonstrate, running can be fun. 　　那一大批在春日和煦的陽光中奔跑著的健身愛好者無不向我們展示著奔跑的樂趣。 　　More specifically, running triggers the release of brain chemicals called endocannabinoidsthat create a potent feeling of pleasure. 　　更確切地講，在奔跑時人體內有一種化學物質被釋放，從而使人產生一種強烈的愉悅感。 　　As their name suggests, these endocannabinoids work in the same way as the activeingredient of marijuana. 　　正如其名字的含義一般，這些endocannabinoids有著跟大麻中的有效成分一樣的效果。 　　From an evolutionary standpoint this surge of endocannabinoids, and the runner s high itcreates, make sense. 　　從進化論的觀點來看，人體內endocannabinoids水平的上升及由此而生的賽跑者的亢奮對人類的發展是有意義的。 　　For ancient humans, remaining fit enough to run after game and away from predators andenemies was vital for survival. 　　那些遠古時代的人類，為了能夠順利追捕到獵物并從其他獵食者的追擊中逃脫，必須將身體狀態始終維持在一個良好的水平。 　　Yet whether other mammals are also driven to exercise by endocannabinoids has remained amystery. 　　既然人類如此，那么其他哺乳動物是否也會在endocannabinoids的內在驅動下而進行鍛煉呢? 　　Now a study led by David Raichlen of the University of Arizona has revealed that the runner shigh does exist in other species, but not in all. 　　這仍是個未解之謎。現在一項由Arizona大學的David Raichlen博士領銜的研究已經在其他哺乳動物體內-并非全部都有-發現了endocannabinoids的存在。 　　You expect me to what?! 　　你猜我在干什么?! 　　Dr Raichlen hypothesised that endocannabinoid-driven exercise highs would be found in thosemammals that gain an evolutionary benefit from being fast on their feet: antelopes, horsesand wolves, for example. 　　Raichlen先提出了一個假設：像羚羊，馬和狼這樣一些因擁有飛毛腿而在進化過程中受益的哺乳動物中也存在著鍛煉產生的興奮現象; 　　However, he also thought that they would not be present in those which are known for beingquick and agile, but not for running, like ferrets. 　　而那些以靈動著稱，卻非憑奔跑文明的動物，如雪貂，則不會出現此現象。 　　To test these ideas, he and a team of colleagues devised an experiment that monitored theendocannabinoid levels of different species after they had been walking or running on atreadmill. 　　為了檢驗這些猜想，Raichlen和由其同事所組成的團隊設計了一個實驗-對在跑步機上行走，奔跑過后的動物體內的endocannabinoids水平進行監控。 　　The experimental animals in question were ten people, eight dogs and eight ferrets. 　　被考慮用來進行實驗的動物有以下三種：十個人，八條狗和八只雪貂。 　　Dr Raichlen had them run or walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes. 　　Raichlen博士先讓他們在跑步機上行走或奔跑30分鐘。 　　Since running and walking speeds differ from species to species, the speed at which thetreadmill moved was varied so that it raised the heart rates of the different participants tothe same level. 　　由于不同的動物速度不一，所以跑步機的傳送帶速度設置是以使不同動物的心率達到同一水平為依據。 　　Running speeds were thus set at 2.5 metres a second for people, 1.83 for dogs and 0.84 forferrets. 　　這樣設置的結果便為：奔跑速度為人類2.5米/秒，狗1.83米/秒，雪貂0.84米/秒; 　　Walking speeds were set at 1.25 metres a second for people and 1.1 for dogs. 　　行走速度為人類1.25米/秒，狗1.1米/秒。 　　The ferrets proved too easily distracted to walk consistently on the treadmills and were thusleft to sit quietly in their cages for this part of the study. 　　雪貂由于太易分心，沒辦法讓它持續在跑步機上行走，所以在進行該部分實驗時它們被留在了籠中靜靜地坐著。 　　Each participating animal ran for one session and walked for one other, and did so onseparate days, to avoid exhaustion. 　　每只動物會跑一段走一段，為了避免動物們出現筋疲力盡的情況，實驗是分成幾天進行的。 　　Before and after each session, blood was drawn from each and the endocannabinoid levels init were measured. 　　在實驗前和試驗后，動物們都會被抽血以檢驗其中的endocannabinoid水平。 　　The researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Biology that, after 30 minutes ofwalking, participants endocannabinoid levels did not rise. 　　研究人員在《生物學實驗》雜志中提到，在經過30分鐘的行走之后，參加實驗的動物的endocannabinoid水平并沒上升。 　　After running, however, the average human s endocannabinoid levels rose from 2.4picomoles per millilitre to 6.1. 　　然而在奔跑過后情況則有所不同：那10個人的平均endocannabinoid水平從2.4 pmol/ml上升到了6.1pmol/ml。 　　Dogs showed a similar trend, with levels rising from 2.4 pmol/ml to 8.0. 　　狗的變化趨勢與人類似---由2.4 pmol/ml升至8.0 pmol/ml。 　　Ferrets were different. Although they did show an increase, from 3.0 to 3.9 pmol/ml, this wasnot a statistically significant rise. 　　唯獨雪貂例外。他們的endocannabinoid水平雖亦有所上升-3.0 至 3.9 pmol/ml，但仍處于統計學上可不被納入考慮的范圍內。 　　These findings suggest that dogs experience a runner s high but ferrets do not. 　　這些發現表明狗中同樣存在著賽跑者的亢奮現象，而雪貂則沒有。 　　Dr Raichlen argues that it makes sense for ferrets not to have systems that rewardcardiovascular activity, since such exercise consumes a lot of energy, may cause injury, andis not crucial to the stealthy hunting technique of sneaking down burrows and killing rabbitsin their sleep. 　　看來雪貂體內并不存在對心血管活動進行陽性強化刺激的系統，Raichlen博士認為這對雪貂的發展同樣是有意義的，要知道太劇烈的運動會消耗掉過多的能量， 甚至引發受傷，且這并非是雪貂捕獵技術中的關鍵-它們一般只需偷偷溜進兔子窩并在兔子們熟睡時將其殺死即可。 　　What is not clear is whether the endocannabinoid reward is an ancient mechanism that hasbeen lost on branches of the mammalian tree that do not need it, or is something thatevolves quickly in species which become active. 　　仍有待考證的是，究竟這種endocannabinoid刺激機制是從遠古時代起即為哺乳類動物所擁有，還是從某些活躍的個別物種中進化出來的? 　　Given that humanity s arboreal simian ancestors would presumably have had little need torun, it is probably the latter. 　　鑒于人類的祖先類人猿是樹棲動物，據推測它們很少有奔跑的需要，因此正確結論很可能是后者。 　　But to be sure Dr Raichlen will need to put animals far less co-operative than ferrets on thetreadmill. 　　但若要確認此假設，Raichlen博士需將更多如雪貂般不太合作的動物哄上跑步機。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.evolve to 進化 　　That s the magic that can make a small ideaevolve to be a revolutionary one. 　　這是讓小點子演變成具有革命性創意的魔法所在。 　　Over time, the computer industry will evolve toinclude all aspects of our lives. 　　假以時日，電腦業的發展將會涵蓋我們所有的生活層面。 　　2.enough to 足以 　　That s not enough to trigger renewed recession. 　　這個問題不足以導致美國經濟重新陷入衰退。 　　It tells you enough to get started right away. 　　它告訴你的東西足夠讓你立刻開始使用。 　　3.benefit from 獲益;受益 　　The economy now would benefit from some real engineering. 　　現在一些真正的工程才會令該國經濟受益。 　　Humans are not the only species to benefit from foxp2. 　　人類并不是唯一受益于foxp2基因的物種。 　　4.differ from 不同于 　　But future purchases will differ from previous ones. 　　但未來的債券購買計劃會和以前的有所不同。 　　How and why does this differ from the advice from the who? 　　這項研究如何以及為什么與世衛組織的建議不同?

　　2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Exercise and addiction 　　鍛煉也會上癮 　　Fun run 　　奔跑的奧秘 　　People, it seems, have evolved to be addicted toexercise 　　人類似乎在進化過程中對鍛煉上癮了 　　AS THE legions of gym bunnies and jogging enthusiasts who race out into the spring sunshineevery year clearly demonstrate, running can be fun. 　　那一大批在春日和煦的陽光中奔跑著的健身愛好者無不向我們展示著奔跑的樂趣。 　　More specifically, running triggers the release of brain chemicals called endocannabinoidsthat create a potent feeling of pleasure. 　　更確切地講，在奔跑時人體內有一種化學物質被釋放，從而使人產生一種強烈的愉悅感。 　　As their name suggests, these endocannabinoids work in the same way as the activeingredient of marijuana. 　　正如其名字的含義一般，這些endocannabinoids有著跟大麻中的有效成分一樣的效果。 　　From an evolutionary standpoint this surge of endocannabinoids, and the runner s high itcreates, make sense. 　　從進化論的觀點來看，人體內endocannabinoids水平的上升及由此而生的賽跑者的亢奮對人類的發展是有意義的。 　　For ancient humans, remaining fit enough to run after game and away from predators andenemies was vital for survival. 　　那些遠古時代的人類，為了能夠順利追捕到獵物并從其他獵食者的追擊中逃脫，必須將身體狀態始終維持在一個良好的水平。 　　Yet whether other mammals are also driven to exercise by endocannabinoids has remained amystery. 　　既然人類如此，那么其他哺乳動物是否也會在endocannabinoids的內在驅動下而進行鍛煉呢? 　　Now a study led by David Raichlen of the University of Arizona has revealed that the runner shigh does exist in other species, but not in all. 　　這仍是個未解之謎。現在一項由Arizona大學的David Raichlen博士領銜的研究已經在其他哺乳動物體內-并非全部都有-發現了endocannabinoids的存在。 　　You expect me to what?! 　　你猜我在干什么?! 　　Dr Raichlen hypothesised that endocannabinoid-driven exercise highs would be found in thosemammals that gain an evolutionary benefit from being fast on their feet: antelopes, horsesand wolves, for example. 　　Raichlen先提出了一個假設：像羚羊，馬和狼這樣一些因擁有飛毛腿而在進化過程中受益的哺乳動物中也存在著鍛煉產生的興奮現象; 　　However, he also thought that they would not be present in those which are known for beingquick and agile, but not for running, like ferrets. 　　而那些以靈動著稱，卻非憑奔跑文明的動物，如雪貂，則不會出現此現象。 　　To test these ideas, he and a team of colleagues devised an experiment that monitored theendocannabinoid levels of different species after they had been walking or running on atreadmill. 　　為了檢驗這些猜想，Raichlen和由其同事所組成的團隊設計了一個實驗-對在跑步機上行走，奔跑過后的動物體內的endocannabinoids水平進行監控。 　　The experimental animals in question were ten people, eight dogs and eight ferrets. 　　被考慮用來進行實驗的動物有以下三種：十個人，八條狗和八只雪貂。 　　Dr Raichlen had them run or walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes. 　　Raichlen博士先讓他們在跑步機上行走或奔跑30分鐘。 　　Since running and walking speeds differ from species to species, the speed at which thetreadmill moved was varied so that it raised the heart rates of the different participants tothe same level. 　　由于不同的動物速度不一，所以跑步機的傳送帶速度設置是以使不同動物的心率達到同一水平為依據。 　　Running speeds were thus set at 2.5 metres a second for people, 1.83 for dogs and 0.84 forferrets. 　　這樣設置的結果便為：奔跑速度為人類2.5米/秒，狗1.83米/秒，雪貂0.84米/秒; 　　Walking speeds were set at 1.25 metres a second for people and 1.1 for dogs. 　　行走速度為人類1.25米/秒，狗1.1米/秒。 　　The ferrets proved too easily distracted to walk consistently on the treadmills and were thusleft to sit quietly in their cages for this part of the study. 　　雪貂由于太易分心，沒辦法讓它持續在跑步機上行走，所以在進行該部分實驗時它們被留在了籠中靜靜地坐著。 　　Each participating animal ran for one session and walked for one other, and did so onseparate days, to avoid exhaustion. 　　每只動物會跑一段走一段，為了避免動物們出現筋疲力盡的情況，實驗是分成幾天進行的。 　　Before and after each session, blood was drawn from each and the endocannabinoid levels init were measured. 　　在實驗前和試驗后，動物們都會被抽血以檢驗其中的endocannabinoid水平。 　　The researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Biology that, after 30 minutes ofwalking, participants endocannabinoid levels did not rise. 　　研究人員在《生物學實驗》雜志中提到，在經過30分鐘的行走之后，參加實驗的動物的endocannabinoid水平并沒上升。 　　After running, however, the average human s endocannabinoid levels rose from 2.4picomoles per millilitre to 6.1. 　　然而在奔跑過后情況則有所不同：那10個人的平均endocannabinoid水平從2.4 pmol/ml上升到了6.1pmol/ml。 　　Dogs showed a similar trend, with levels rising from 2.4 pmol/ml to 8.0. 　　狗的變化趨勢與人類似---由2.4 pmol/ml升至8.0 pmol/ml。 　　Ferrets were different. Although they did show an increase, from 3.0 to 3.9 pmol/ml, this wasnot a statistically significant rise. 　　唯獨雪貂例外。他們的endocannabinoid水平雖亦有所上升-3.0 至 3.9 pmol/ml，但仍處于統計學上可不被納入考慮的范圍內。 　　These findings suggest that dogs experience a runner s high but ferrets do not. 　　這些發現表明狗中同樣存在著賽跑者的亢奮現象，而雪貂則沒有。 　　Dr Raichlen argues that it makes sense for ferrets not to have systems that rewardcardiovascular activity, since such exercise consumes a lot of energy, may cause injury, andis not crucial to the stealthy hunting technique of sneaking down burrows and killing rabbitsin their sleep. 　　看來雪貂體內并不存在對心血管活動進行陽性強化刺激的系統，Raichlen博士認為這對雪貂的發展同樣是有意義的，要知道太劇烈的運動會消耗掉過多的能量， 甚至引發受傷，且這并非是雪貂捕獵技術中的關鍵-它們一般只需偷偷溜進兔子窩并在兔子們熟睡時將其殺死即可。 　　What is not clear is whether the endocannabinoid reward is an ancient mechanism that hasbeen lost on branches of the mammalian tree that do not need it, or is something thatevolves quickly in species which become active. 　　仍有待考證的是，究竟這種endocannabinoid刺激機制是從遠古時代起即為哺乳類動物所擁有，還是從某些活躍的個別物種中進化出來的? 　　Given that humanity s arboreal simian ancestors would presumably have had little need torun, it is probably the latter. 　　鑒于人類的祖先類人猿是樹棲動物，據推測它們很少有奔跑的需要，因此正確結論很可能是后者。 　　But to be sure Dr Raichlen will need to put animals far less co-operative than ferrets on thetreadmill. 　　但若要確認此假設，Raichlen博士需將更多如雪貂般不太合作的動物哄上跑步機。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.evolve to 進化 　　That s the magic that can make a small ideaevolve to be a revolutionary one. 　　這是讓小點子演變成具有革命性創意的魔法所在。 　　Over time, the computer industry will evolve toinclude all aspects of our lives. 　　假以時日，電腦業的發展將會涵蓋我們所有的生活層面。 　　2.enough to 足以 　　That s not enough to trigger renewed recession. 　　這個問題不足以導致美國經濟重新陷入衰退。 　　It tells you enough to get started right away. 　　它告訴你的東西足夠讓你立刻開始使用。 　　3.benefit from 獲益;受益 　　The economy now would benefit from some real engineering. 　　現在一些真正的工程才會令該國經濟受益。 　　Humans are not the only species to benefit from foxp2. 　　人類并不是唯一受益于foxp2基因的物種。 　　4.differ from 不同于 　　But future purchases will differ from previous ones. 　　但未來的債券購買計劃會和以前的有所不同。 　　How and why does this differ from the advice from the who? 　　這項研究如何以及為什么與世衛組織的建議不同?