Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

　　For questions 1-7, mark

　　Y if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

　　N if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

　　NG if the information is not given in the passage.

　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Airplane

　　Airplane Instruments

　　Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the planes speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it werent for this instrument. A gyrocompassand various radio devices are necessary for navigation.

　　Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.

　　Airplane Construction

　　Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.

　　The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.

　　Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.

　　Airport

　　An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.

　　Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.

　　One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares .Its five terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. OHare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.

　　Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares .They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.

　　Runways

　　Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Todays big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph .When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt.They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.

　　Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.

　　Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m.

　　At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.

　　Control Towers

　　People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.

　　Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach .When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar .This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4kmof the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System .In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic microwave landing systems that can land the plane fully automatically.

　　Terminal Buildings

　　Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification.

　　Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.

　　1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.

　　2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.

　　3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.

　　4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.

　　5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.

　　7. Precision Approach Radar is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.

　　8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with .

　　9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through .

　　10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers .

　　Part ⅡReading Comprehension

　　本文主要介紹了飛機(jī)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，包括飛機(jī)內(nèi)部的一些重要儀器及它們的功能，飛機(jī)的制造和發(fā)展，指出了現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)與早期飛機(jī)的不同之處及相關(guān)問題;介紹了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模和功用，飛機(jī)跑道、機(jī)場(chǎng)控制塔、機(jī)場(chǎng)大樓等的工作原理及作用等。

　　1. N)[精析]本文介紹了飛機(jī)、飛機(jī)場(chǎng)等有關(guān)設(shè)施的特點(diǎn)，并沒有介紹飛機(jī)的發(fā)展史。

　　2. NG)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞an automatic pilot定位到第1個(gè)標(biāo)題下的第二段第一句話。

　　[精析]原文指出自動(dòng)駕駛儀無需駕駛員按任何按鈕便可駕駛飛機(jī)，甚至可以自動(dòng)起飛和降落。但并未提及它駕駛飛機(jī)比駕駛員強(qiáng)。

　　3. Y)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞the radio equipment定位到第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段末句，The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals.

　　[精析]該句意為無線設(shè)備使駕駛員能夠與地面控制人員談話，接收導(dǎo)航信號(hào)，是題干的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　4. Y)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞solid定位到第2個(gè)標(biāo)題下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire.

　　[精析]該句意為早期的飛機(jī)是由鐵絲固定，織物包裹的木結(jié)構(gòu)制成的，這顯然不如現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)堅(jiān)固。

　　5. N)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞Grapevine和Texas定位到第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　[精析]由該句可知Grapevine，Texas是世界最大的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)是位于本段倒數(shù)第二句的Hare International Airport, in Chicago。

　　6. Y)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞runways定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句。

　　[精析]第三段首句提到Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground，可知跑道必須足夠長。另外首段也提到現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)越來越重，也要求跑道足夠堅(jiān)固。

　　7. N)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞Precision Approach Radar 定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段。

　　[精析]由該段可知Precision Approach Radar 是用于引導(dǎo)向機(jī)場(chǎng)靠近的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)，而用于引導(dǎo)遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)場(chǎng)的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)是Ground Control Approach 。

　　8. electronic microwave landing systems

　　[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞control towers定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題末段末句。

　　[精析]末段末句提到電子微波著陸系統(tǒng)可以使飛機(jī)自動(dòng)著陸，由此可知答案。

　　9. customs and passport control

　　[定位]由題意可定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下首段第六句。

　　[精析]從定位句可知從外國過來的乘客需要通過海關(guān)和護(hù)照檢測(cè)。

　　10. a special signal

　　[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞detector定位到全文末段倒數(shù)第三句。

　　[精析]從定位句可知如果有人攜帶金屬物品，檢測(cè)器就會(huì)發(fā)出特殊信號(hào)。

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

　　For questions 1-7, mark

　　Y if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

　　N if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

　　NG if the information is not given in the passage.

　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Airplane

　　Airplane Instruments

　　Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the planes speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it werent for this instrument. A gyrocompassand various radio devices are necessary for navigation.

　　Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.

　　Airplane Construction

　　Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.

　　The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.

　　Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.

　　Airport

　　An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.

　　Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.

　　One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares .Its five terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. OHare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.

　　Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares .They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.

　　Runways

　　Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Todays big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph .When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt.They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.

　　Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.

　　Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m.

　　At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.

　　Control Towers

　　People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.

　　Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach .When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar .This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4kmof the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System .In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic microwave landing systems that can land the plane fully automatically.

　　Terminal Buildings

　　Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification.

　　Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.

　　1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.

　　2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.

　　3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.

　　4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.

　　5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.

　　7. Precision Approach Radar is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.

　　8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with .

　　9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through .

　　10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers .

　　Part ⅡReading Comprehension

　　本文主要介紹了飛機(jī)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，包括飛機(jī)內(nèi)部的一些重要儀器及它們的功能，飛機(jī)的制造和發(fā)展，指出了現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)與早期飛機(jī)的不同之處及相關(guān)問題;介紹了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模和功用，飛機(jī)跑道、機(jī)場(chǎng)控制塔、機(jī)場(chǎng)大樓等的工作原理及作用等。

　　1. N)[精析]本文介紹了飛機(jī)、飛機(jī)場(chǎng)等有關(guān)設(shè)施的特點(diǎn)，并沒有介紹飛機(jī)的發(fā)展史。

　　2. NG)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞an automatic pilot定位到第1個(gè)標(biāo)題下的第二段第一句話。

　　[精析]原文指出自動(dòng)駕駛儀無需駕駛員按任何按鈕便可駕駛飛機(jī)，甚至可以自動(dòng)起飛和降落。但并未提及它駕駛飛機(jī)比駕駛員強(qiáng)。

　　3. Y)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞the radio equipment定位到第1個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段末句，The radio equipment allows...to receive navigation signals.

　　[精析]該句意為無線設(shè)備使駕駛員能夠與地面控制人員談話，接收導(dǎo)航信號(hào)，是題干的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　4. Y)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞solid定位到第2個(gè)標(biāo)題下首段首句Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire.

　　[精析]該句意為早期的飛機(jī)是由鐵絲固定，織物包裹的木結(jié)構(gòu)制成的，這顯然不如現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)堅(jiān)固。

　　5. N)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞Grapevine和Texas定位到第3個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句One of the largest...of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　[精析]由該句可知Grapevine，Texas是世界最大的機(jī)場(chǎng)之一的所在地。而世界上最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)是位于本段倒數(shù)第二句的Hare International Airport, in Chicago。

　　6. Y)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞runways定位到第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第三段首句。

　　[精析]第三段首句提到Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground，可知跑道必須足夠長。另外首段也提到現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)越來越重，也要求跑道足夠堅(jiān)固。

　　7. N)[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞Precision Approach Radar 定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題下第二段。

　　[精析]由該段可知Precision Approach Radar 是用于引導(dǎo)向機(jī)場(chǎng)靠近的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)，而用于引導(dǎo)遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)場(chǎng)的飛機(jī)的系統(tǒng)是Ground Control Approach 。

　　8. electronic microwave landing systems

　　[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞control towers定位到第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題末段末句。

　　[精析]末段末句提到電子微波著陸系統(tǒng)可以使飛機(jī)自動(dòng)著陸，由此可知答案。

　　9. customs and passport control

　　[定位]由題意可定位到最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下首段第六句。

　　[精析]從定位句可知從外國過來的乘客需要通過海關(guān)和護(hù)照檢測(cè)。

　　10. a special signal

　　[定位]由題干關(guān)鍵詞detector定位到全文末段倒數(shù)第三句。

　　[精析]從定位句可知如果有人攜帶金屬物品，檢測(cè)器就會(huì)發(fā)出特殊信號(hào)。