Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English

　　（原 文）

　　科學就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對客觀規律的認識要經過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認識方法的不同，就會出現橫看成嶺側成峰，遠近高低各不同的情況，以至引起學術上的爭論。因此，有作為的科學工作者都把反對的意見看作對自己的莫大的幫助，把對自己的批評當作最珍貴的友誼。正如歌德所說，我們贊同的東西使我們處之泰然，我們反對的東西才使我們的思想獲得豐產。這都是因為，贊同的意見未必正確，反對的意見未必錯誤。退一步說，即使錯誤的反對意見，對自己的科學研究也是很有好處的。

　　（參考譯文）

　　Science means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results-as we might say, a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low position. - and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothes words, We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts. This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to ones own scientific research.

　　Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese

　　（原 文）

　　Although the American economy has transformed itself over the years, certain issues have persisted since the early days of the republic. One is the continuing debate over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplace economy. An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people, to prevent flagrant abuses, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.

　　Ever since colonial times, the government has been involved, to some extent, in economic decision-making. The federal government, for example, has made huge investments in infrastructure, and it has provided social welfare programs that the private sector was unable or unwilling to provide. In a myriad of ways and over many decades, the government has supported and promoted the development of agriculture.

　　（參考譯文）

　　雖然美國經濟在過去幾年中已實現了轉型，但某些問題自美國建國之初以來一直持續至今，依然懸而未決。其中之一便是圍繞著政府在一個基本上屬于市場性質的經濟中的恰當角色所展開的持久爭論。以自由企業為基礎的經濟體制，其普遍特征便是私有制和個人創新精神，政府介入應相對微弱。然而，人們發現，政府的干預時不時地也是必要的，以確保經濟機會人人均等，能為全部民眾所獲得，并防范肆無忌憚的權力濫用，平抑通貨膨脹，刺激經濟增長。 自殖民地時期以來，美國政府或多或少地參與到經濟決策中來。例如，聯邦政府曾在基礎設施方面進行過巨額投資，它也提供了私營業主們沒有能力或不愿意提供的社會福利項目。在過去數十年中，政府也以無數的方式支持并促進農業發展。

　　Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English

　　（原 文）

　　科學就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對客觀規律的認識要經過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認識方法的不同，就會出現橫看成嶺側成峰，遠近高低各不同的情況，以至引起學術上的爭論。因此，有作為的科學工作者都把反對的意見看作對自己的莫大的幫助，把對自己的批評當作最珍貴的友誼。正如歌德所說，我們贊同的東西使我們處之泰然，我們反對的東西才使我們的思想獲得豐產。這都是因為，贊同的意見未必正確，反對的意見未必錯誤。退一步說，即使錯誤的反對意見，對自己的科學研究也是很有好處的。

　　（參考譯文）

　　Science means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results-as we might say, a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low position. - and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothes words, We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts. This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to ones own scientific research.

　　Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese

　　（原 文）

　　Although the American economy has transformed itself over the years, certain issues have persisted since the early days of the republic. One is the continuing debate over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplace economy. An economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people, to prevent flagrant abuses, to dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.

　　Ever since colonial times, the government has been involved, to some extent, in economic decision-making. The federal government, for example, has made huge investments in infrastructure, and it has provided social welfare programs that the private sector was unable or unwilling to provide. In a myriad of ways and over many decades, the government has supported and promoted the development of agriculture.

　　（參考譯文）

　　雖然美國經濟在過去幾年中已實現了轉型，但某些問題自美國建國之初以來一直持續至今，依然懸而未決。其中之一便是圍繞著政府在一個基本上屬于市場性質的經濟中的恰當角色所展開的持久爭論。以自由企業為基礎的經濟體制，其普遍特征便是私有制和個人創新精神，政府介入應相對微弱。然而，人們發現，政府的干預時不時地也是必要的，以確保經濟機會人人均等，能為全部民眾所獲得，并防范肆無忌憚的權力濫用，平抑通貨膨脹，刺激經濟增長。 自殖民地時期以來，美國政府或多或少地參與到經濟決策中來。例如，聯邦政府曾在基礎設施方面進行過巨額投資，它也提供了私營業主們沒有能力或不愿意提供的社會福利項目。在過去數十年中，政府也以無數的方式支持并促進農業發展。