第4課

　　主謂一致：指的就是給出主語，要求判斷謂語動詞是用單數還是復數的問題。

　　一、就近原則：

　　指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構成時，由離謂語動詞近的那部分主語來決定謂語動詞的單復數。

　　只有當以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時就近原則才適用：

　　1. or 或者; 2. either or 不是就是 ，或 3. neither nor 既不也不

　　4. not only but also 不但而且 5. not but 不是而是

　　例如：主語1 or 主語2 謂語動詞。 此時由主語2決定謂語動詞。

　　10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?

　　A Are B Where C Is D Does

　　如果題目改變為：Either he or his accountants ___ going 則應選A

　　二、句子謂語動詞一定用復數的兩種情況：

　　1. 集合名詞做主語，集合名詞沒有復數形式，因為他本身就代表一個復數概念。

　　常見的幾個復合名詞： people 人民，人們; police 警察; cattle 牛; poultry 家禽。

　　2. 表示數量的復數名詞 + 不可數名詞，整體做主語時

　　例如：去年出口了八百萬頓煤。 Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.

　　三、謂語動詞一定用單數的六種情況：

　　1. 句子的主語是由從句充當的、動詞不定式短語作主語、動名詞短語作主語;

　　2. 表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面的詞做主語;

　　399. -- How many days?

　　0 -- Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?

　　A are B were C was D is

　　3. 表示單數概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞也用單數;

　　因為此結構中短語只是對主語提供附加說明情況，所以謂語動詞也用單數。

　　當以下這些標志性的介詞或介詞短語出現在此結構中時可以不管中間的附加說明情況：

　　with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as

　　注意：表示復數概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞應用復數。

　　4. each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個詞中任何一個所構成的復合代詞作主語時;

　　some經常構成的三個復合代詞：something, somebody, someone;

　　no經常構成的三個復合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one; either of + 短語;

　　5. 通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復數，但在以下兩種情況下則應用單數;

　　1 and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物;

　　2 and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個詞修飾時;

　　例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。 be supposed to do sth. 理應，應該做某事。

　　Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.

　　11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.

　　A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them

　　many a 很多，相當于many; many a + 可數名詞單數，做主語時謂語動詞用單數。

　　6. many a + 可數名詞單數，作主語時謂語動詞用單數。

　　9. Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.

　　A have known B know C knows D is knowing

　　not only but also 的一種變形形式，not only but

　　另一種變形形式not only but as well

　　combination n. 密碼; combination to the safe 保險箱密碼; securities有價證券。

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　　41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _A_ too long.

　　A has been reading B had read C is reading D read

　　had read 過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。

　　has been reading 現在完成進行時：指某行為從過去一點到現在一直在進行。

　　42. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.

　　A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement

　　tourist attraction 旅游勝地; attention n. 注意力; appointment n. 委任的職位，約會;

　　date n. 日期，約會，棗;表示約會時指的是異性之間的私人約會。 arrangement n. 布置，安排

　　blind date 兩人第一次見面的約會。 appointment 指公事性質的，比較正式的約會。

　　43. I dont mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　A you to delay making B your delaying making

　　C your delaying to make D you delay to make

　　mind 后要加動名詞; delay v. 耽擱，延誤(后面也要加動名詞)

　　45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.

　　A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating

　　46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.

　　A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated

　　注意：seat是及物動詞，及物動詞用主動形式，后面要直接加賓語。

　　Be seated please. 請坐。 英語中只有及物動詞才有被動語態。

　　47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.

　　A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn

　　當wear表穿戴時，而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時，wear是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態。

　　65. The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.

　　A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted

　　字根trans在四級中著重考的含義是從一個地方到另一個地方。

　　transform 改革，變革，改變; transport 運輸; transfer 轉移，移動;

　　transmit 傳送，播送;疾病的傳染，傳播; transplant 移植。

　　48. Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals.

　　A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted

　　49. Wouldnt you rather your child _B_ to bed early?

　　A go B went C would go D goes

　　would rather的兩種用法：1 would rather + 動詞原形;

　　2 would rather + 句子(句子謂語動詞用一般過去時體現虛擬語氣)。

　　50. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life.

　　A that B what C it D this

　　51. The words of his old teacher left a _C_ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.

　　A long B lively C lasting D liberal

　　52. Mikes uncle insists _D_ in this hotel.

　　A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay

　　insist的兩種用法：1 insist on 堅持，堅決要求;

　　2 insist + that引導的從句(從句謂語動詞為 + 動詞原形)

　　53. We agree to accept _D_ they thought was the best tourist guide.

　　A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever

　　they thought是插入語，可以不看; tourist guide 導游。

　　56. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _C_ it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.

　　A by which B to which C in that D so that

　　句子的意思是：如果沖突以后能回家反省一下自己是好事情。

　　in that 因為; conflict n. 沖突; relative merits 相比較而言的優點; so that 以至于。

　　57. He is _A_ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.

　　A optimistic B optional C outstanding D obvious

　　optimistic adj. 樂觀的; pessimistic adj. 悲觀的; be optimistic about 對持樂觀態度。

　　optional adj. 隨意的，任選的，非強制性的; optional courses 選修課;

　　outstanding adj. 卓越的，杰出的; obvious adj. 明顯的。

　　58. Sometimes I wish I _B_ in a different time and a different place.

　　A be living B were living C would live D would have lived

　　wish后加的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

　　與現在事實相反，wish后的句子經常用一般過去時來體現虛擬語氣。

　　59. The director was critical _C_ the way we were doing the work.

　　A at B in C of D with

　　be critical of 對...愛挑剔的，批評。

　　60. In a sudden _B_ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.

　　A attack B burst C split D blast

　　within reach 夠得著; out of reach 夠不著; burst 爆發，迸發;

　　burst可以與很多詞語搭配表示突然發作：

　　1 能與人的情緒(喜、怒、哀、樂)搭配; 2 能與掌聲、笑聲搭配。

　　61. _D_ she realized it was too late to go home.

　　A No sooner it grew dark than B Hardly did it grow dark that

　　C Scarcely had it grown dark than D It was not until dark that

　　no sooner在句首時句子要用部分倒裝;hardly要與when搭配;scarcely也要與when搭配。

　　62. In Britain people _C_ four million tons of potatoes every year.

　　A swallow B dispose C consume D exhaust

　　swallow 吞，咽; dispose 去掉，處理，安排; consume 消費，消耗; consumer 消費者;

　　exhaust 將資源消耗殆盡;如果與人在一個句子中搭配則表示使人精疲力竭。

　　63. Id _A_ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.

　　A take into account B account for C make up for D make out

　　take into account 考慮; make up for 彌補，補償。

　　65. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _D_ enough to eat.

　　A mild B slight C light D tender

　　mild adj. 不辣的; hot adj. 辣的; extra hot 極辣的;

　　light adj. 清淡的，容易消化的;蛋糕點心等松軟的; muffin n. 松餅;

　　slight adj. 輕微的，少量的; tender adj. 肉嫩的。

　　steak n. 牛排;rare 三成熟的;medium 七成熟的;well-done 全熟的;medium rare 五成熟。

　　66. We take our skin for granted until it is burned _A_ repair.

　　A beyond B for C without D under

　　take sth. for granted 把什么事當成理所當然的而不重視; beyond prep. 超出 的范圍。

　　67. The computer revolution may well change society as _C_ as did the Industrial Revolution.

　　A certainly B insignificantly C fundamentally D comparatively

　　certainly 當然的，確定無疑的(主觀思想較濃厚); insignificantly 沒有意義的，無足輕重的;

　　comparatively 相比較而言的; fundamentally 根本性的，從本質上來說。

　　68. _C_ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.

　　A To look at B Looking at C Looked at D To be looked at

　　70. Some women _D_ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

　　A must make B should have made C would make D could have made

　　for the sake of為了為了的利益;

　　與過去事實相反時用：情態動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞;

　　should have + 動詞過去分詞，表示本應該

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　　32. You cannot be _B_ careful when you drive a car.

　　A very B too C so D enough

　　cannot too 在也不為過，越越好。

　　34. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _A_ the color of his skin.

　　A regardless of B in the light of C by virtue of D with the exception of

　　35. Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full _B_.

　　A strength B capacity C length D possibility

　　strength n. 力量，體力，實力; capacity n. 才能，才智(能力方面)。

　　38. The old couple decided to _C_ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.

　　A adapt B bring C adopt D receive

　　39. The government is trying to do something to _D_ better understanding between the two countries.

　　A raise B increase C heighten D promote

　　promote better understanding 增進理解。

　　40. The newspaper did not mention the _A_ of the damage caused by the fire.

　　A extent B level C range D quantity

　　extent作核心名詞，表示到程度了，介詞用to。

　　41. The soldier was _A_ of running away when the enemy attacked.

　　A accused B charged C scolded D punished

　　be accused of 被指控，被職責; be charged with 被指控。

　　42. Had he worked harder, he _D_ the exams.

　　A must have got through B could get through

　　C would get through D would have got through

　　had he worked harder = if he had worked harder

　　與過去事實相反用：情態動詞 + have + 動詞的過去分詞。

　　45. It seems oil _B_ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.

　　A had leaked B has been leaking C leaked D is leaking

　　for + 一段時間，做時間狀語，謂語動詞用完成時態。過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。

　　46. When he arrived, he found _C_ the aged and the sick at home.

　　A nothing but B none other C none but D no other than

　　形容詞前加the表示一類人。 none but 只有，僅有。

　　47. The pressure _B_ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

　　A competing B to compete C to be competed D having competed

　　the right to vote 選舉權。 動詞不定式作后置定語要用主動形式。

　　the pressure to compete 競爭的壓力。

　　49. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _C_.

　　A have to be said B must say C ought to be said D need to say

　　50. Once environmental damage _A_, it takes many years for the system to recover.

　　A is done B is to do C does D has done

　　51. Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _B_ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.

　　A as for B such as C in case of D in view of

　　contribute to 對做出貢獻。

　　52. He will agree to do what you require _D_ him.

　　A for B from C to D of

　　require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事。

　　53. The mere fact _A_ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.