Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

　　Section B (原快速閱讀理解調整為長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

　　You may choose a paragraph more marking the corresponding letter on than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by Answer Sheet 2.

　　Why Are Airlines Withholding Seats?

　　Behind the screen indeed

　　[D] An awful plot goes on behind airline and travel booking screens, and much of it is strictly off-limits to consumers. What we do know is that for decades now airlines have become masters of what the industry calls yield management, offering millions of combinations of fares based on advance purchase patterns and other booking trends, so nearly everyone pays a different price based on when they buy. But now that paying extra for your seat selection has become common practice, securing your reservation is just half the battle.

　　[E] Some industry experts have connected the dots. Theyre trying to get people to buy premium seats, says George Hobica, USATODAY.coms Fly Guy columnist and the founder of Airfarewatchdog.com. They want to increase revenue. And were getting more complaints about it. He notes that it really annoys passengers who want to sit together, particularly when traveling with small children.

　　[F] Hes echoed by Kevin Mitchell, chairman of the Business Travel Coalition:With yield management, consumers are aware and they know that airlines are constantly changing prices on seats. But if this is true, it is unethicaltheyre grossly misleading us. The thing that I find so offensive is conveying to me that I have no options, but if I wait a week or two then I do have options.

　　[G ] According to the airlines, the reason for ancillary revenue is unbundling ticket prices, so passengers who desire a given servicesay checking a bag or ordering a soft drinkpay for it, while those who dont are spared the cost. But as Mitchell notes, Theres another twist to this. The airlines are saying fees are for optional services. Well, seats arent optional!

　　[H ] Of course, securing a good seat isnt an issue if youre in first class or youre an elite member of a frequent flyer program. But what about the rest of us? As Ive pointed out repeatedly in recent columns, were faced with record-high load factors, the highest for the U.S. airline industry since World War II. But even with the average percentage of occupied seats for domestic flights at 82.7%, its still an averagesome flights will be fuller but others will not, particularly weeks in advance. Yet searching for seats keeps getting harder and harder.

　　Seats for sale

　　[I ] Hobica cites the major airlines as the prime culprits members, and become available without additional charge 24 hours prior to departure. When asked if Delta has received complaints about a dearth of free seats, he stated, Overall, our seat program has been received very well.

　　[L] But my findings dovetailed When tried to get a seat assignment on the first flight there was just one complimentary available... the other available seats had to be purchased for $69. On the connecting flight there were no complimentary seats at all! Is this legal? He bought and paid for a ticket on these flights and now he is supposed to buy a seat! paying for the flight, a message popped up and said that I could only get a seat assignment when I checked in. In order to get a confirmed seat, I had to pay $129 extra! Unless I pay, without a confirmed seat, I am the first one to be bumped from the flight if they are overbooked. How do they get away with this? Does checking in online at the 24-hour mark before the flight give me a number in line or let me select seats then? Or do we all rush the gate with our boarding passes in order to get the seat assignment?

　　How to respond?

　　[M] So what can you do? Its a tough proposition. Usually I would offer strategies for countering such airline initiatives, but in this case the options are limited. Thats why some believe the U.S. Department of Transportation should investigate these practices. As Mitchell says, The airlines are holding all the cards with this one. There is a sore need for transparency on this. When people are confused, they make bad decisions.

　　[N] That said, consider the following: When budgeting your airfares, make sure you consider not just baggage fees but the added cost of seat selectionfor all travelers and in both directions. If possible, book early, when there should be more seats available, and check in early too. Why the qualifier should? Because if availability is artificially manipulated, its hard to be certain. Book airlines that offer more transparent seat- selection policies. Of course, this is not an issue with Southwest and other carriers that offer open seating policies. Finally, the last resort is what Hobica calls horse trading: negotiating seat swaps with other passengers. But this has become a risky and undesirable option with flights so full, overhead bins 點提到，預算票價的時候，確保自己不僅將行李費用考 慮在內，還要考慮為選擇座位而支付的額外費用。由此可見，題干對原文進行了同義改寫，故答案為[N]。

　　53. [F]。題干意為，凱文米切爾認為所謂的收益管理是不道德且具有誤導性的。注意抓住題干中的關鍵詞 Kevin Mitchell, yield management, unethical和misleading。文章段落中，提到Kevin Mitchell和航空業收益管 理的內容在[F]段出現，該段引用米切爾的原話中提到，對于收益管理，消費者心里有數，他們知道航空公司經常改變座位的價格。但是如果情況果真如此的話，航空公司的做法確實是不道德的 他們在嚴重地誤導人們。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[F]。

　　54. [K]。題干意為，達美航空公司發言人的話表明，經濟艙優等座在飛機起飛前24小時內可獲得。注意題干中 的關鍵詞 the spokesman of Delta, the preferred economy-class tickets, available和the planes departure。文章段 落中，論及達美航空公司發言人的內容在[K]段出現，該段第二句提到，優等座主要是為獎章成員預留的， 在飛機起飛前24小時內無需支付額外費用就可獲得。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[K]。

　　55. [N]題干意為，應對航空公司這類行為的最后策略是和其他乘客商量調換座位。注意題干中的關鍵詞the last strategy, exchange seats和negotiating。文章段落中，論及與其他乘客商量調換座位的內容在[N]段出現， 該段第(4)點提到，最后一個應對策略，即霍比卡所說的討價還價，是和其他乘客商量一下調換座位。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義改寫，故答案為[N]。題干中的the last strategy和exchange seats with other passengers by negotiating with them 分另]對應原文中的 the last resort 和 negotiating seat swaps with other passengers。

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

　　Section B (原快速閱讀理解調整為長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

　　You may choose a paragraph more marking the corresponding letter on than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by Answer Sheet 2.

　　Why Are Airlines Withholding Seats?

　　Behind the screen indeed

　　[D] An awful plot goes on behind airline and travel booking screens, and much of it is strictly off-limits to consumers. What we do know is that for decades now airlines have become masters of what the industry calls yield management, offering millions of combinations of fares based on advance purchase patterns and other booking trends, so nearly everyone pays a different price based on when they buy. But now that paying extra for your seat selection has become common practice, securing your reservation is just half the battle.

　　[E] Some industry experts have connected the dots. Theyre trying to get people to buy premium seats, says George Hobica, USATODAY.coms Fly Guy columnist and the founder of Airfarewatchdog.com. They want to increase revenue. And were getting more complaints about it. He notes that it really annoys passengers who want to sit together, particularly when traveling with small children.

　　[F] Hes echoed by Kevin Mitchell, chairman of the Business Travel Coalition:With yield management, consumers are aware and they know that airlines are constantly changing prices on seats. But if this is true, it is unethicaltheyre grossly misleading us. The thing that I find so offensive is conveying to me that I have no options, but if I wait a week or two then I do have options.

　　[G ] According to the airlines, the reason for ancillary revenue is unbundling ticket prices, so passengers who desire a given servicesay checking a bag or ordering a soft drinkpay for it, while those who dont are spared the cost. But as Mitchell notes, Theres another twist to this. The airlines are saying fees are for optional services. Well, seats arent optional!

　　[H ] Of course, securing a good seat isnt an issue if youre in first class or youre an elite member of a frequent flyer program. But what about the rest of us? As Ive pointed out repeatedly in recent columns, were faced with record-high load factors, the highest for the U.S. airline industry since World War II. But even with the average percentage of occupied seats for domestic flights at 82.7%, its still an averagesome flights will be fuller but others will not, particularly weeks in advance. Yet searching for seats keeps getting harder and harder.

　　Seats for sale

　　[I ] Hobica cites the major airlines as the prime culprits members, and become available without additional charge 24 hours prior to departure. When asked if Delta has received complaints about a dearth of free seats, he stated, Overall, our seat program has been received very well.

　　[L] But my findings dovetailed When tried to get a seat assignment on the first flight there was just one complimentary available... the other available seats had to be purchased for $69. On the connecting flight there were no complimentary seats at all! Is this legal? He bought and paid for a ticket on these flights and now he is supposed to buy a seat! paying for the flight, a message popped up and said that I could only get a seat assignment when I checked in. In order to get a confirmed seat, I had to pay $129 extra! Unless I pay, without a confirmed seat, I am the first one to be bumped from the flight if they are overbooked. How do they get away with this? Does checking in online at the 24-hour mark before the flight give me a number in line or let me select seats then? Or do we all rush the gate with our boarding passes in order to get the seat assignment?

　　How to respond?

　　[M] So what can you do? Its a tough proposition. Usually I would offer strategies for countering such airline initiatives, but in this case the options are limited. Thats why some believe the U.S. Department of Transportation should investigate these practices. As Mitchell says, The airlines are holding all the cards with this one. There is a sore need for transparency on this. When people are confused, they make bad decisions.

　　[N] That said, consider the following: When budgeting your airfares, make sure you consider not just baggage fees but the added cost of seat selectionfor all travelers and in both directions. If possible, book early, when there should be more seats available, and check in early too. Why the qualifier should? Because if availability is artificially manipulated, its hard to be certain. Book airlines that offer more transparent seat- selection policies. Of course, this is not an issue with Southwest and other carriers that offer open seating policies. Finally, the last resort is what Hobica calls horse trading: negotiating seat swaps with other passengers. But this has become a risky and undesirable option with flights so full, overhead bins 點提到，預算票價的時候，確保自己不僅將行李費用考 慮在內，還要考慮為選擇座位而支付的額外費用。由此可見，題干對原文進行了同義改寫，故答案為[N]。

　　53. [F]。題干意為，凱文米切爾認為所謂的收益管理是不道德且具有誤導性的。注意抓住題干中的關鍵詞 Kevin Mitchell, yield management, unethical和misleading。文章段落中，提到Kevin Mitchell和航空業收益管 理的內容在[F]段出現，該段引用米切爾的原話中提到，對于收益管理，消費者心里有數，他們知道航空公司經常改變座位的價格。但是如果情況果真如此的話，航空公司的做法確實是不道德的 他們在嚴重地誤導人們。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[F]。

　　54. [K]。題干意為，達美航空公司發言人的話表明，經濟艙優等座在飛機起飛前24小時內可獲得。注意題干中 的關鍵詞 the spokesman of Delta, the preferred economy-class tickets, available和the planes departure。文章段 落中，論及達美航空公司發言人的內容在[K]段出現，該段第二句提到，優等座主要是為獎章成員預留的， 在飛機起飛前24小時內無需支付額外費用就可獲得。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[K]。

　　55. [N]題干意為，應對航空公司這類行為的最后策略是和其他乘客商量調換座位。注意題干中的關鍵詞the last strategy, exchange seats和negotiating。文章段落中，論及與其他乘客商量調換座位的內容在[N]段出現， 該段第(4)點提到，最后一個應對策略，即霍比卡所說的討價還價，是和其他乘客商量一下調換座位。由此可見，題干是對原文的同義改寫，故答案為[N]。題干中的the last strategy和exchange seats with other passengers by negotiating with them 分另]對應原文中的 the last resort 和 negotiating seat swaps with other passengers。