what在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)很常用的詞。我們知道它能用作疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，在句中做主語(yǔ)﹑表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);又能用作連接代詞(或復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句﹑表語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句;還能用作疑問(wèn)形容詞，只作定語(yǔ)并可表示感嘆。對(duì)于這些常規(guī)的用法本文就不一一贅述，現(xiàn)就what在高中英語(yǔ)中的某些特殊用法歸納如下：

1. what = just as，意為恰像，猶如，好比用作連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

⑴ 慣用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意為A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣例如：

① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空氣對(duì)于我們猶如水對(duì)于魚。(介詞to 表示兩者的關(guān)系)

⑵ 也有A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如：

② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開(kāi)畫布一樣。(介詞for表示供使用)

⑶ what 引導(dǎo)的從句也可以放在句首，其句式是： What C is to D， that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，喻體在前，主體在后，相當(dāng)于just as，so結(jié)構(gòu)，意思也是A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣例如：

What blood vessel is to a mans body， that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a mans body ，so Railway is to transportation.)

鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人體一樣。

2. what 與do with連用，意為(怎樣)處理﹑安排或?qū)Ω兜取hat常有較靈活的翻譯，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：what do with sth./sb.?或what to do with sth./sb. 例如：

① What will you do with the letter? 你將把那封信怎樣處理?

② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

孩子們不知道雨天干什么好。

注意： do with 與deal with同義，但搭配不同：do with只能與what搭配，而deal with可與不同的疑問(wèn)詞搭配。比較：

③ How will you deal with the letter?你將那封信怎樣處理?

④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.

如果你試著倒立著或僅以躺著的姿勢(shì)去喝水，就能大致體會(huì)得到宇航員必須應(yīng)付什么了。

3. 問(wèn)價(jià)格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面積﹑門牌(汽車﹑電話等)號(hào)碼等時(shí)，只能用what提問(wèn)，不能用how much提問(wèn)。例如：

① What is the cost(price) of the gold watch?這塊金表多少錢?

② What is the speed of the car?車速是多少?

③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?這湖有多長(zhǎng)(寬、深)?

④ What is the population(area)of China?中國(guó)的人口(面積)有多少(大)?

⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少錢(現(xiàn)金)?

⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number?

你的電話(汽車﹑房間)號(hào)碼是多少?

4.What is like?的兩種含義。

⑴ 表示情況怎樣，多指天氣或氣候。例如：

① What is the weather like today?今天天氣怎樣?

② What is the climate like there?那里的氣候怎樣?

⑵ 表示像什么樣，什么模樣，怎樣的 指人或事物。例如：

③ What is the camel like ?駱駝是什么樣子的?

④ What is your teacher like? She is very kind and beautiful.

你老師是怎樣一個(gè)人?她既善良又美麗。

⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未來(lái)的生活是什么樣子呢?

注意：What islike?通常用于對(duì)某人、某地和某物的實(shí)際情況提問(wèn)，包括對(duì)其內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提問(wèn)。而How is like?是就某人、某地和某物的外觀詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的看法，可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)變化的事物，如暫時(shí)的情況，情緒等，還常用來(lái)問(wèn)候別人的健康。如：

⑥ How is your work these days? 近來(lái)你的工作情況如何?

⑦ How is he? 他近況如何? ( 他身體近來(lái)怎么樣?)

比較：What does she look like?她是什么模樣?(What look like?只能指外表 )

5.What do you think of?用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)的看法或評(píng)價(jià)。例如：

① What do you think of the idea?你認(rèn)為這個(gè)主意怎樣?

② What did you think of that film?你對(duì)那場(chǎng)電影評(píng)價(jià)如何?

注意： What do you think of?是慣用搭配，不能改為How do you think of?。但我們可以說(shuō)：How do you feel about the idea( that film)?或者How do you like the idea( that film)?

6.what 用作復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，既可指代人又可指代物。例如：

① China is no longer what it used to be? 中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)

② She is what you call a bluestocking。 她就是你說(shuō)的女才子。

③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。

7. what從句可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：

① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我們將使工廠比現(xiàn)在規(guī)模增加一倍。( 句中的twice what it is today是動(dòng)詞make的賓語(yǔ)the factory的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人稱得現(xiàn)有的重量(句中的第一個(gè)what到句末為表語(yǔ)從句;句末的what you weigh 是說(shuō)明前面的動(dòng)詞weigh， 系回答how much 的問(wèn)題，作狀語(yǔ))

8.像how和why一樣，what可以用作名詞。例如：

① Please explain to us how and why， since you know what. 既然你想出一個(gè)好辦法，請(qǐng)給我們解釋清楚解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法和理由。

② By asking why， how and what if， curious minds find new ideas and solutions.

通過(guò)刨根問(wèn)底，提出假設(shè)，富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意，找出了解決問(wèn)題的新辦法。 ( 見(jiàn)新版高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)p.7，what if 可譯為：假設(shè))

9.與what連用的常用句型和詞組

⑴ What if?： What will or would happen if?如果(假如)將會(huì)怎么樣?;例如：

① What if it is true? 如果這是真的又怎么樣?

② What if a storm should come up? 萬(wàn)一發(fā)生暴風(fēng)雨怎么辦?

⑵ what with ： because of ; as a result of; 因?yàn)? 由于的結(jié)果; 例如：

③ What with overwork and ( what with) so little sleep， she fell ill.

一半由于工作過(guò)度的勞累，一半由于睡眠不足，她病倒了。

④ She has been depressed，what with losing her job and having to move.

她由于丟了工作還要搬家而感到沮喪。

⑶ and what not ： and so on ; etc; 以及各種其它東西;諸如此類;等等; 例如：

⑤ I bought sugar， tea， eggs， and what not. 我買了食糖、茶葉、雞蛋之類的東西。

⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝，意為不管發(fā)生什么事不管怎樣

⑥ Come what will (may)， I will always stand by you.

不管發(fā)生什么事，我將永遠(yuǎn)支持你。

what在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)很常用的詞。我們知道它能用作疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，在句中做主語(yǔ)﹑表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);又能用作連接代詞(或復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句﹑表語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句;還能用作疑問(wèn)形容詞，只作定語(yǔ)并可表示感嘆。對(duì)于這些常規(guī)的用法本文就不一一贅述，現(xiàn)就what在高中英語(yǔ)中的某些特殊用法歸納如下：

1. what = just as，意為恰像，猶如，好比用作連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

⑴ 慣用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意為A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣例如：

① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空氣對(duì)于我們猶如水對(duì)于魚。(介詞to 表示兩者的關(guān)系)

⑵ 也有A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如：

② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開(kāi)畫布一樣。(介詞for表示供使用)

⑶ what 引導(dǎo)的從句也可以放在句首，其句式是： What C is to D， that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，喻體在前，主體在后，相當(dāng)于just as，so結(jié)構(gòu)，意思也是A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣例如：

What blood vessel is to a mans body， that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a mans body ，so Railway is to transportation.)

鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人體一樣。

2. what 與do with連用，意為(怎樣)處理﹑安排或?qū)Ω兜取hat常有較靈活的翻譯，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：what do with sth./sb.?或what to do with sth./sb. 例如：

① What will you do with the letter? 你將把那封信怎樣處理?

② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

孩子們不知道雨天干什么好。

注意： do with 與deal with同義，但搭配不同：do with只能與what搭配，而deal with可與不同的疑問(wèn)詞搭配。比較：

③ How will you deal with the letter?你將那封信怎樣處理?

④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.

如果你試著倒立著或僅以躺著的姿勢(shì)去喝水，就能大致體會(huì)得到宇航員必須應(yīng)付什么了。

3. 問(wèn)價(jià)格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面積﹑門牌(汽車﹑電話等)號(hào)碼等時(shí)，只能用what提問(wèn)，不能用how much提問(wèn)。例如：

① What is the cost(price) of the gold watch?這塊金表多少錢?

② What is the speed of the car?車速是多少?

③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?這湖有多長(zhǎng)(寬、深)?

④ What is the population(area)of China?中國(guó)的人口(面積)有多少(大)?

⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少錢(現(xiàn)金)?

⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number?

你的電話(汽車﹑房間)號(hào)碼是多少?

4.What is like?的兩種含義。

⑴ 表示情況怎樣，多指天氣或氣候。例如：

① What is the weather like today?今天天氣怎樣?

② What is the climate like there?那里的氣候怎樣?

⑵ 表示像什么樣，什么模樣，怎樣的 指人或事物。例如：

③ What is the camel like ?駱駝是什么樣子的?

④ What is your teacher like? She is very kind and beautiful.

你老師是怎樣一個(gè)人?她既善良又美麗。

⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未來(lái)的生活是什么樣子呢?

注意：What islike?通常用于對(duì)某人、某地和某物的實(shí)際情況提問(wèn)，包括對(duì)其內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提問(wèn)。而How is like?是就某人、某地和某物的外觀詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的看法，可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)變化的事物，如暫時(shí)的情況，情緒等，還常用來(lái)問(wèn)候別人的健康。如：

⑥ How is your work these days? 近來(lái)你的工作情況如何?

⑦ How is he? 他近況如何? ( 他身體近來(lái)怎么樣?)

比較：What does she look like?她是什么模樣?(What look like?只能指外表 )

5.What do you think of?用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)的看法或評(píng)價(jià)。例如：

① What do you think of the idea?你認(rèn)為這個(gè)主意怎樣?

② What did you think of that film?你對(duì)那場(chǎng)電影評(píng)價(jià)如何?

注意： What do you think of?是慣用搭配，不能改為How do you think of?。但我們可以說(shuō)：How do you feel about the idea( that film)?或者How do you like the idea( that film)?

6.what 用作復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，既可指代人又可指代物。例如：

① China is no longer what it used to be? 中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)

② She is what you call a bluestocking。 她就是你說(shuō)的女才子。

③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。

7. what從句可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：

① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我們將使工廠比現(xiàn)在規(guī)模增加一倍。( 句中的twice what it is today是動(dòng)詞make的賓語(yǔ)the factory的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人稱得現(xiàn)有的重量(句中的第一個(gè)what到句末為表語(yǔ)從句;句末的what you weigh 是說(shuō)明前面的動(dòng)詞weigh， 系回答how much 的問(wèn)題，作狀語(yǔ))

8.像how和why一樣，what可以用作名詞。例如：

① Please explain to us how and why， since you know what. 既然你想出一個(gè)好辦法，請(qǐng)給我們解釋清楚解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法和理由。

② By asking why， how and what if， curious minds find new ideas and solutions.

通過(guò)刨根問(wèn)底，提出假設(shè)，富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意，找出了解決問(wèn)題的新辦法。 ( 見(jiàn)新版高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)p.7，what if 可譯為：假設(shè))

9.與what連用的常用句型和詞組

⑴ What if?： What will or would happen if?如果(假如)將會(huì)怎么樣?;例如：

① What if it is true? 如果這是真的又怎么樣?

② What if a storm should come up? 萬(wàn)一發(fā)生暴風(fēng)雨怎么辦?

⑵ what with ： because of ; as a result of; 因?yàn)? 由于的結(jié)果; 例如：

③ What with overwork and ( what with) so little sleep， she fell ill.

一半由于工作過(guò)度的勞累，一半由于睡眠不足，她病倒了。

④ She has been depressed，what with losing her job and having to move.

她由于丟了工作還要搬家而感到沮喪。

⑶ and what not ： and so on ; etc; 以及各種其它東西;諸如此類;等等; 例如：

⑤ I bought sugar， tea， eggs， and what not. 我買了食糖、茶葉、雞蛋之類的東西。

⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝，意為不管發(fā)生什么事不管怎樣

⑥ Come what will (may)， I will always stand by you.

不管發(fā)生什么事，我將永遠(yuǎn)支持你。