The 11,700-year-old Holocene epoch is over. We're now living in the Anthropocene epoch.

長達(dá)11700年的全新世結(jié)束啦。我們?nèi)缃裾钤凇叭祟愂馈奔o(jì)元。

編者注：全新世(Holocene Epoch)，是最年輕的地質(zhì)年代，它與更新世(Pleistocene Epoch)的界限以第四紀(jì)最后一次冰期結(jié)束，氣候轉(zhuǎn)暖為標(biāo)志，因此又稱為冰后期(post-glacial)。從距今1.2萬～1萬年開始到現(xiàn)在，是人類正在經(jīng)歷的地球歷史階段。

You don’t need to be paying much attention to the world around you to know that humans are having a massive influence on the planet, but our influence is now on the way to being officially recognised in geologic terms.

無需勞神費(fèi)力，我們都能感受到人類對地球產(chǎn)生的巨大影響。如今，地質(zhì)學(xué)界打算用地質(zhì)術(shù)語來確認(rèn)這些影響。

The 11,700-year-old geological Holocene epoch has ended, scientists say, and we’re now living in the Anthropocene: an era defined by humanity’s influence on the world around us.

科學(xué)家表示，長達(dá)11700年的全新世已結(jié)束，我們現(xiàn)在正生活在“人類世”：即人類活動對地球施加影響的時代。

In fact, unless you’re over the age of 66, you’ve always been living in it. A 35-strong team of international researchers from the Working Group on the Anthropocene voted 30-3 (two were absent) in favour of the epoch shift, and the starting date is 1950.

事實(shí)上，66歲以下的人自出生起就生活在這個紀(jì)元了。一支由35位國際頂尖研究者組成的“人類世”工作小組開展了紀(jì)元更變與否的投票，投票結(jié)果以30比3(有兩位研究人員缺席)的壓倒性優(yōu)勢宣布地質(zhì)紀(jì)元進(jìn)入“人類世”，并將開始時間確定為1950年。

The date isn’t random: it matches when the first nuclear tests created a new stratum in the planet’s surface.

這個日期可不是隨便定的：它與首批核試驗(yàn)對地質(zhì)表面造成影響的時間相符。

Actually, it won’t necessarily be nuclear tests that ended the Holocene. Humanity’s impact on the planet is so great that we’re left “spoiled for choice” in terms of which particular signal to choose.

實(shí)際上，核試驗(yàn)并非結(jié)束全新世的唯一必要條件。人類活動對地球的影響是如此深刻，可供選擇的因素簡直多到讓人“眼花繚亂”，很難定奪到底哪一因素起了決定性作用。

Plastic pollution, soot from power plants, concrete and even domestic chicken bones were considered possible contenders.

塑料污染，發(fā)電廠煤煙，鋼筋混泥土，甚至是家養(yǎng)雞的骨頭都被列入可能的影響因素。

“The radionuclides are probably the sharpest – they really come on with a bang,” said the Working Group’s chair Jan Zalasiewicz, of the University of Leicester. “But we are spoiled for choice. There are so many signals.”

工作組主席、萊斯特大學(xué)的簡?扎拉斯維奇表示：“放射性核素大概是這其中最厲害的一個因素—— 放射性核素真是伴隨著‘砰’聲來臨，但是可供選擇的因素太多了，許多因素都對地質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。”

Now that the vote has been done, we’ll see a few years of site sampling to figure out the best Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) to date the start of the Anthropocene, which will then be presented to the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

紀(jì)元變更的投票結(jié)束后，工作組在未來幾年會利用現(xiàn)場勘測數(shù)據(jù)計算出最佳的全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低層年齡(GSSA)，并確定“人類世”的開始日期，屆時會把研究結(jié)果呈遞國際地層委員會。

It will then need ratification from the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences.

隨后還需要國際地質(zhì)科學(xué)聯(lián)合會的執(zhí)行委員會正式認(rèn)可研究結(jié)果。

So it’s not official yet, but Zalasiewicz believes the team has a “pretty good case” to present.

所以現(xiàn)在官方其實(shí)還未正式承認(rèn)人類世的開始，但扎拉斯維奇相信他的團(tuán)隊(duì)遞交的案例非常棒。

“The significance of the Anthropocene is that it sets a different trajectory for the Earth system, of which we of course are part,” he explained.

他解釋說：“‘人類世’的意義在于，它讓地球體系步入了一個與眾不同的軌道，在這個新紀(jì)元里，人類也參與其中。”

“If our recommendation is accepted, the Anthropocene will have started just a little before I was born. We have lived most of our lives in something called the Anthropocene and are just realising the scale and permanence of the change.”

“如果我們的提議通過審核，‘人類世’在我出生前不久就開始了。我們大半輩子都生活在‘人類世’中，而且剛意識到地質(zhì)紀(jì)元變更的規(guī)模和持久性。”

In other words, geologically at least, there will be no denying the influence mankind has had on the planet. And it’s a hard one to put a positive spin upon, no matter how you frame it.

換句話來說，至少從地理的角度看，我們將無法否認(rèn)人類對地球造成的影響。而且無論我們?nèi)绾味x都很難將這個影響扭轉(zhuǎn)成正面影響。

The 11,700-year-old Holocene epoch is over. We're now living in the Anthropocene epoch.

長達(dá)11700年的全新世結(jié)束啦。我們?nèi)缃裾钤凇叭祟愂馈奔o(jì)元。

編者注：全新世(Holocene Epoch)，是最年輕的地質(zhì)年代，它與更新世(Pleistocene Epoch)的界限以第四紀(jì)最后一次冰期結(jié)束，氣候轉(zhuǎn)暖為標(biāo)志，因此又稱為冰后期(post-glacial)。從距今1.2萬～1萬年開始到現(xiàn)在，是人類正在經(jīng)歷的地球歷史階段。

You don’t need to be paying much attention to the world around you to know that humans are having a massive influence on the planet, but our influence is now on the way to being officially recognised in geologic terms.

無需勞神費(fèi)力，我們都能感受到人類對地球產(chǎn)生的巨大影響。如今，地質(zhì)學(xué)界打算用地質(zhì)術(shù)語來確認(rèn)這些影響。

The 11,700-year-old geological Holocene epoch has ended, scientists say, and we’re now living in the Anthropocene: an era defined by humanity’s influence on the world around us.

科學(xué)家表示，長達(dá)11700年的全新世已結(jié)束，我們現(xiàn)在正生活在“人類世”：即人類活動對地球施加影響的時代。

In fact, unless you’re over the age of 66, you’ve always been living in it. A 35-strong team of international researchers from the Working Group on the Anthropocene voted 30-3 (two were absent) in favour of the epoch shift, and the starting date is 1950.

事實(shí)上，66歲以下的人自出生起就生活在這個紀(jì)元了。一支由35位國際頂尖研究者組成的“人類世”工作小組開展了紀(jì)元更變與否的投票，投票結(jié)果以30比3(有兩位研究人員缺席)的壓倒性優(yōu)勢宣布地質(zhì)紀(jì)元進(jìn)入“人類世”，并將開始時間確定為1950年。

The date isn’t random: it matches when the first nuclear tests created a new stratum in the planet’s surface.

這個日期可不是隨便定的：它與首批核試驗(yàn)對地質(zhì)表面造成影響的時間相符。

Actually, it won’t necessarily be nuclear tests that ended the Holocene. Humanity’s impact on the planet is so great that we’re left “spoiled for choice” in terms of which particular signal to choose.

實(shí)際上，核試驗(yàn)并非結(jié)束全新世的唯一必要條件。人類活動對地球的影響是如此深刻，可供選擇的因素簡直多到讓人“眼花繚亂”，很難定奪到底哪一因素起了決定性作用。

Plastic pollution, soot from power plants, concrete and even domestic chicken bones were considered possible contenders.

塑料污染，發(fā)電廠煤煙，鋼筋混泥土，甚至是家養(yǎng)雞的骨頭都被列入可能的影響因素。

“The radionuclides are probably the sharpest – they really come on with a bang,” said the Working Group’s chair Jan Zalasiewicz, of the University of Leicester. “But we are spoiled for choice. There are so many signals.”

工作組主席、萊斯特大學(xué)的簡?扎拉斯維奇表示：“放射性核素大概是這其中最厲害的一個因素—— 放射性核素真是伴隨著‘砰’聲來臨，但是可供選擇的因素太多了，許多因素都對地質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。”

Now that the vote has been done, we’ll see a few years of site sampling to figure out the best Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) to date the start of the Anthropocene, which will then be presented to the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

紀(jì)元變更的投票結(jié)束后，工作組在未來幾年會利用現(xiàn)場勘測數(shù)據(jù)計算出最佳的全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低層年齡(GSSA)，并確定“人類世”的開始日期，屆時會把研究結(jié)果呈遞國際地層委員會。

It will then need ratification from the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences.

隨后還需要國際地質(zhì)科學(xué)聯(lián)合會的執(zhí)行委員會正式認(rèn)可研究結(jié)果。

So it’s not official yet, but Zalasiewicz believes the team has a “pretty good case” to present.

所以現(xiàn)在官方其實(shí)還未正式承認(rèn)人類世的開始，但扎拉斯維奇相信他的團(tuán)隊(duì)遞交的案例非常棒。

“The significance of the Anthropocene is that it sets a different trajectory for the Earth system, of which we of course are part,” he explained.

他解釋說：“‘人類世’的意義在于，它讓地球體系步入了一個與眾不同的軌道，在這個新紀(jì)元里，人類也參與其中。”

“If our recommendation is accepted, the Anthropocene will have started just a little before I was born. We have lived most of our lives in something called the Anthropocene and are just realising the scale and permanence of the change.”

“如果我們的提議通過審核，‘人類世’在我出生前不久就開始了。我們大半輩子都生活在‘人類世’中，而且剛意識到地質(zhì)紀(jì)元變更的規(guī)模和持久性。”

In other words, geologically at least, there will be no denying the influence mankind has had on the planet. And it’s a hard one to put a positive spin upon, no matter how you frame it.

換句話來說，至少從地理的角度看，我們將無法否認(rèn)人類對地球造成的影響。而且無論我們?nèi)绾味x都很難將這個影響扭轉(zhuǎn)成正面影響。