為大家介紹5個(gè)會(huì)耗盡精力的行為，平時(shí)要注意哦。

1. Lack of focus

1. 注意力缺乏

Sometimes we know our calling at our core but don’t pursue it. One study found that incongruence between implicit and explicit motives decreases wellbeing. Translation: saying or doing stuff we don’t actually want is unhealthy.

有時(shí)知道內(nèi)心的呼喚，但我們卻不追求它。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，含蓄與直截了當(dāng)動(dòng)機(jī)之間的矛盾會(huì)降低幸福感。也就是說(shuō)：做我們并不愿意的事情是不健康的。

Choose what you want to do carefully, and then commit wholeheartedly. One study found that professional commitment even has a buffering effect on the development of illness.

仔細(xì)地選擇你想做的，然后全身心地投入。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，專業(yè)投入甚至起到減緩病情的作用。

2.Self-obsession

2.自戀

Self-obsession materializes in several ways. The most obvious is narcissism, which is linked to burnout among students. In the workplace, narcissism can manifest as conviction of specialness, entitlement, poor teamwork or lack of compassion.

自戀具體有多種表現(xiàn)方式。最明顯的是自我陶醉，這是學(xué)生精力耗盡的原因。在工作場(chǎng)所，自我陶醉可表現(xiàn)為對(duì)特殊性的堅(jiān)信、尋求權(quán)益、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作表現(xiàn)差或缺少同情心。

How do we overcome self-obsession?

如何克服自戀?

Help people and be kind to yourself. Interestingly, self-compassion — "treating oneself warmly during times of hardship" — is negatively correlated with rumination; you can be kind to yourself without fixating on yourself. Instead of freaking out about something you did wrong at work for days, take responsibility, forgive yourself and move on. Simple but hard!

幫助別人并對(duì)自己好一些。有趣的是，自戀在困難時(shí)期對(duì)待自己很熱情，偏執(zhí)越嚴(yán)重則反思越少。對(duì)自己好一些，但不會(huì)一直這樣。與其因在工作中做錯(cuò)事而害怕，不如敢于承擔(dān)責(zé)任、原諒自己，然后繼續(xù)。說(shuō)起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單做起來(lái)難!

3.Perfectionism

3.完美主義

Unhealthy perfectionism — fixation on flawless performance, dread of failure and obsessive approval seeking — predicts burnout. Likewise, acting "Type A" is related to emotional exhaustion, higher burnout levels and reduced job satisfaction. It’s also, incidentally, an established risk factor for coronary heart disease.

不健康的完美主義會(huì)導(dǎo)致精力耗盡。具體表現(xiàn)為：執(zhí)著于無(wú)瑕疵的表現(xiàn)，害怕失敗，并強(qiáng)迫尋求獲得批準(zhǔn)。同樣地，追求“A類”表現(xiàn)與情感衰竭、精力耗盡和工作滿意度降低有關(guān)。順便提一句，它也被確認(rèn)是引發(fā)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素。

Moreover, because perfectionism causes highly negative feelings when we don’t attain goals, it lowers individual initiative and decreases job passion over time. That is, though perfectionism is typically considered a professional attribute, it’s ultimately demotivating.

另外，目標(biāo)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，會(huì)引起完美主義者高度的負(fù)面情緒，從而會(huì)降低個(gè)人的意愿，并且隨著時(shí)間的推移而降低工作激情。雖然，完美主義通常被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)職業(yè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它最終會(huì)打擊積極性。

4.Seclusion

4.自我隔離

Workplace friendships increase individual innovation and weaken the relationship between unhealthy perfectionism and job burnout. Teachers with higher perceived levels of coworker support report less stress.

工作場(chǎng)所的友誼會(huì)增加個(gè)人的創(chuàng)新能力，并弱化不健康的完美主義與精力耗盡的關(guān)系。在教師行業(yè)里，受到同事贊賞的老師壓力水平相對(duì)較低。

By contrast, workers' inability or unwillingness to be intimate with others — what some researchers call social pessimism — predicts poor subjective wellbeing at work.

相比而言，員工的社交無(wú)能或不愿意與其他人交往，即一些學(xué)者所稱的社會(huì)悲觀情緒，在工作中會(huì)導(dǎo)致較差的主觀幸福感。

Instead of adopting a sweeping, unrealistic resolution like "always say yes to invitations," consider what kinds of people and social engagements energize you. Remember that hanging out with anxious people may, in turn, make you anxious. Cherry-pick who you’re around, and prioritize these relationships.

與其接受一個(gè)影響廣泛的、不切實(shí)際的決定，例如一直不忍心拒絕邀請(qǐng)，倒不如考慮什么類型的人和社會(huì)活動(dòng)能給予你力量。記住，與焦慮的人在一起，可能反過(guò)來(lái)弄得你也很焦慮。篩選與你在一起的人，并且把這些關(guān)系放在優(yōu)先位置。

5. Pessimism

5. 悲觀主義

Of all the above traits, pessimism is the one most closely and frequently associated with burnout. Cynical employees are less likely to seek challenges, social support and feedback at work. The consequence is insufficient resources and impending burnout. Pessimism produces more stress hormones, while optimism is associated with less burnout and job exhaustion.

在以上所有特點(diǎn)中間，悲觀主義是與精力耗盡最接近和關(guān)系最緊密的。悲觀的員工很少能在工作中尋求挑戰(zhàn)、社會(huì)支持和反饋。結(jié)果導(dǎo)致資源短缺和即將發(fā)生的精力耗盡。悲觀會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的壓力荷爾蒙，而樂(lè)觀很少與筋疲力盡及工作熱情耗竭有關(guān)。

In one study, asthmatics inhaled basic saline solutions. Those told the solution didn’t do anything experienced no symptoms. Of those told they were instead inhaling allergens, 47.5% experienced attacks. What we believe about our environments directly affects our energy, health and wellbeing — regardless of the reality.

在一項(xiàng)研究中，哮喘病患者吸入鹽水溶液。感覺(jué)這些溶液不起作用的人，幾乎沒(méi)有癥狀。轉(zhuǎn)而吸入變應(yīng)素的人，47.5%遭受過(guò)哮喘發(fā)病。不管現(xiàn)實(shí)如何，我們堅(jiān)信的環(huán)境會(huì)直接影響我們的能量、健康和幸福。

It’s not fair or accurate to say that burnout is all in our heads. But our attitude pertains more to how we feel about work than we might think.

把所有導(dǎo)致精力耗盡的原因歸咎于我們的大腦是既不公平也不正確的。但我們的觀點(diǎn)，比想象中與我們工作中的感覺(jué)更密切。

Burnout doesn't just reduce job satisfaction. Chronically burned out workers exhibit poor memory and difficulty concentrating. They're also more likely to experience depression, anxiety, headaches, gastrointestinal infections, sleep disturbance and neck pain.

精力耗盡不只會(huì)降低工作滿意度。長(zhǎng)期筋疲力盡的員工會(huì)表現(xiàn)出糟糕的記憶和很難集中的精力。他們更可能遭受沮喪、焦慮、頭疼、腸胃感染、難以入睡和脖子疼。

They disproportionately suffer from alcoholism and cardiovascular disease. One ten-year study concluded that "burnout, especially work-related exhaustion, may be a risk for overall survival."

他們更多地遭受酗酒和心血管疾病。一項(xiàng)10年的研究得出如下結(jié)論：精力耗盡，特別是與工作相關(guān)的筋疲力盡，可能會(huì)威脅生命健康。

更多精彩內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注本網(wǎng)站。

為大家介紹5個(gè)會(huì)耗盡精力的行為，平時(shí)要注意哦。

1. Lack of focus

1. 注意力缺乏

Sometimes we know our calling at our core but don’t pursue it. One study found that incongruence between implicit and explicit motives decreases wellbeing. Translation: saying or doing stuff we don’t actually want is unhealthy.

有時(shí)知道內(nèi)心的呼喚，但我們卻不追求它。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，含蓄與直截了當(dāng)動(dòng)機(jī)之間的矛盾會(huì)降低幸福感。也就是說(shuō)：做我們并不愿意的事情是不健康的。

Choose what you want to do carefully, and then commit wholeheartedly. One study found that professional commitment even has a buffering effect on the development of illness.

仔細(xì)地選擇你想做的，然后全身心地投入。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，專業(yè)投入甚至起到減緩病情的作用。

2.Self-obsession

2.自戀

Self-obsession materializes in several ways. The most obvious is narcissism, which is linked to burnout among students. In the workplace, narcissism can manifest as conviction of specialness, entitlement, poor teamwork or lack of compassion.

自戀具體有多種表現(xiàn)方式。最明顯的是自我陶醉，這是學(xué)生精力耗盡的原因。在工作場(chǎng)所，自我陶醉可表現(xiàn)為對(duì)特殊性的堅(jiān)信、尋求權(quán)益、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作表現(xiàn)差或缺少同情心。

How do we overcome self-obsession?

如何克服自戀?

Help people and be kind to yourself. Interestingly, self-compassion — "treating oneself warmly during times of hardship" — is negatively correlated with rumination; you can be kind to yourself without fixating on yourself. Instead of freaking out about something you did wrong at work for days, take responsibility, forgive yourself and move on. Simple but hard!

幫助別人并對(duì)自己好一些。有趣的是，自戀在困難時(shí)期對(duì)待自己很熱情，偏執(zhí)越嚴(yán)重則反思越少。對(duì)自己好一些，但不會(huì)一直這樣。與其因在工作中做錯(cuò)事而害怕，不如敢于承擔(dān)責(zé)任、原諒自己，然后繼續(xù)。說(shuō)起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單做起來(lái)難!

3.Perfectionism

3.完美主義

Unhealthy perfectionism — fixation on flawless performance, dread of failure and obsessive approval seeking — predicts burnout. Likewise, acting "Type A" is related to emotional exhaustion, higher burnout levels and reduced job satisfaction. It’s also, incidentally, an established risk factor for coronary heart disease.

不健康的完美主義會(huì)導(dǎo)致精力耗盡。具體表現(xiàn)為：執(zhí)著于無(wú)瑕疵的表現(xiàn)，害怕失敗，并強(qiáng)迫尋求獲得批準(zhǔn)。同樣地，追求“A類”表現(xiàn)與情感衰竭、精力耗盡和工作滿意度降低有關(guān)。順便提一句，它也被確認(rèn)是引發(fā)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素。

Moreover, because perfectionism causes highly negative feelings when we don’t attain goals, it lowers individual initiative and decreases job passion over time. That is, though perfectionism is typically considered a professional attribute, it’s ultimately demotivating.

另外，目標(biāo)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)，會(huì)引起完美主義者高度的負(fù)面情緒，從而會(huì)降低個(gè)人的意愿，并且隨著時(shí)間的推移而降低工作激情。雖然，完美主義通常被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)職業(yè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它最終會(huì)打擊積極性。

4.Seclusion

4.自我隔離

Workplace friendships increase individual innovation and weaken the relationship between unhealthy perfectionism and job burnout. Teachers with higher perceived levels of coworker support report less stress.

工作場(chǎng)所的友誼會(huì)增加個(gè)人的創(chuàng)新能力，并弱化不健康的完美主義與精力耗盡的關(guān)系。在教師行業(yè)里，受到同事贊賞的老師壓力水平相對(duì)較低。

By contrast, workers' inability or unwillingness to be intimate with others — what some researchers call social pessimism — predicts poor subjective wellbeing at work.

相比而言，員工的社交無(wú)能或不愿意與其他人交往，即一些學(xué)者所稱的社會(huì)悲觀情緒，在工作中會(huì)導(dǎo)致較差的主觀幸福感。

Instead of adopting a sweeping, unrealistic resolution like "always say yes to invitations," consider what kinds of people and social engagements energize you. Remember that hanging out with anxious people may, in turn, make you anxious. Cherry-pick who you’re around, and prioritize these relationships.

與其接受一個(gè)影響廣泛的、不切實(shí)際的決定，例如一直不忍心拒絕邀請(qǐng)，倒不如考慮什么類型的人和社會(huì)活動(dòng)能給予你力量。記住，與焦慮的人在一起，可能反過(guò)來(lái)弄得你也很焦慮。篩選與你在一起的人，并且把這些關(guān)系放在優(yōu)先位置。

5. Pessimism

5. 悲觀主義

Of all the above traits, pessimism is the one most closely and frequently associated with burnout. Cynical employees are less likely to seek challenges, social support and feedback at work. The consequence is insufficient resources and impending burnout. Pessimism produces more stress hormones, while optimism is associated with less burnout and job exhaustion.

在以上所有特點(diǎn)中間，悲觀主義是與精力耗盡最接近和關(guān)系最緊密的。悲觀的員工很少能在工作中尋求挑戰(zhàn)、社會(huì)支持和反饋。結(jié)果導(dǎo)致資源短缺和即將發(fā)生的精力耗盡。悲觀會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的壓力荷爾蒙，而樂(lè)觀很少與筋疲力盡及工作熱情耗竭有關(guān)。

In one study, asthmatics inhaled basic saline solutions. Those told the solution didn’t do anything experienced no symptoms. Of those told they were instead inhaling allergens, 47.5% experienced attacks. What we believe about our environments directly affects our energy, health and wellbeing — regardless of the reality.

在一項(xiàng)研究中，哮喘病患者吸入鹽水溶液。感覺(jué)這些溶液不起作用的人，幾乎沒(méi)有癥狀。轉(zhuǎn)而吸入變應(yīng)素的人，47.5%遭受過(guò)哮喘發(fā)病。不管現(xiàn)實(shí)如何，我們堅(jiān)信的環(huán)境會(huì)直接影響我們的能量、健康和幸福。

It’s not fair or accurate to say that burnout is all in our heads. But our attitude pertains more to how we feel about work than we might think.

把所有導(dǎo)致精力耗盡的原因歸咎于我們的大腦是既不公平也不正確的。但我們的觀點(diǎn)，比想象中與我們工作中的感覺(jué)更密切。

Burnout doesn't just reduce job satisfaction. Chronically burned out workers exhibit poor memory and difficulty concentrating. They're also more likely to experience depression, anxiety, headaches, gastrointestinal infections, sleep disturbance and neck pain.

精力耗盡不只會(huì)降低工作滿意度。長(zhǎng)期筋疲力盡的員工會(huì)表現(xiàn)出糟糕的記憶和很難集中的精力。他們更可能遭受沮喪、焦慮、頭疼、腸胃感染、難以入睡和脖子疼。

They disproportionately suffer from alcoholism and cardiovascular disease. One ten-year study concluded that "burnout, especially work-related exhaustion, may be a risk for overall survival."

他們更多地遭受酗酒和心血管疾病。一項(xiàng)10年的研究得出如下結(jié)論：精力耗盡，特別是與工作相關(guān)的筋疲力盡，可能會(huì)威脅生命健康。

更多精彩內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注本網(wǎng)站。