知識歸納·方法點撥

一、考點知識歸納

(一)解答情景交際類題目的應對方略

有關情景交際的考點主要分布在考綱規定的問候、告別、感謝、住院、祝賀、道歉、邀請、約會、請求、允許或不允許等三十余個話題中，同時也涉及了談論天氣、購物、問路、就餐、打電話、看病等十多項情景。為了更好地解答此類題目，我們應注意以下四點：

1．大量閱讀，熟悉句型結構。

在復習備考過程中，要熟悉句型結構，進行大量閱讀，積累各情景中的交際用語，尤其需要注意中英文化差異，增強理解能力，從而真正提高運用能力。

2．分析題目語言環境，確保用語和諧一致。

交際用語的考查主要設置在真實的語境中，做題時要考慮全面，要注意語境的和諧一致。特別要注意上下句的關系，不能只看到題目的一部分就得出結論。特別是對話，要看答語和問句是否一致。

典題示例

—Let's go shopping after school.

—________ Call me at that time.

A．That depends.

B．Hold on, please.

C．What for?

D．Sounds great.

剖析：D多數題目是在語境中考查知識點，做這類題目時要注意語境的和諧一致。只看第一句話，我們不能確定選哪個答案。但從Call me at that time.可知，后者贊同前者的提議，故選D項。That depends“那要看情況”；Hold on, please“別掛斷”；What for? “為什么？”Sounds great“好主意”。做題時要考慮全面，要注意上下句的關系，不能只看到題目的一部分就得出結論。

3．擯棄漢語思維習慣，考慮英語文化內涵。

平日學習中要多說英語，多讀英文讀物，培養語感。做題時多從英語的角度思考，體會講英語國家的文化背景，不要從漢語的角度思維。同時要把語法轉化為一種語言習慣。做題時還要遵循文明禮貌、委婉客氣的原則，同時要考慮一些常見的句式和結構。如Thanks, but...；Sorry, but...等。

典題示例

①—We really enjoyed ourselves at the party.Thanks again, Mr.and Mrs.Smith.

—________.Just drop in whenever you feel like it.

A．With pleasure

B．Our great honor

C．Nice to meet you here

D．Nice having met you here

②—Will you join us in the game?

—Thank you, ________.

A．but why not

B．but I'd rather not

C．and I won't

D．and I'll join

剖析：BThank you, but...是委婉拒絕他人邀請的交際用語；but why not“但是，為什么不呢？”，表示提建議，不符合語境；I won't “不會的”，不符合謝絕人的語言習慣；D項不符合口語交際的表達習慣，故選B項。

4．善于比較、區別交際用語中的易混點。

(1)That's all right.Don't mention it.You're welcome.與It's a pleasure.的使用區別

回答對方的道歉時應選用That's all right (沒關系)。對于對方道謝的回答可用You're welcome.Don't mention it.和It's a pleasure.。但三者也有細微的區別，如：顧客向服務員道謝時，服務員常說You're welcome.當對方對于你的幫助道謝時，你通常說Don't mention it.對于生日宴會等場合對方提供的幫助、禮物等時的回答為It's a pleasure.。

(2)It's a/my pleasure.與With pleasure.

當你幫完別人的忙，別人向你表示感謝時，用It's a/my pleasure.，當別人需要你幫忙時，你同意則用With pleasure.來回答。

(二)情景交際知識

一、社會交往

1．問候 Greetings

(1)Good morning/afternoon/evening.

Hello/Hi

How are you?

Fine，thank you，and you?

Very well，thank you.

(2)Best wishes/regards to...

Please give my regards/best wishes/love to...

Say hello to...

Please remember me to...

2．介紹Introductions

句型結構

(1)This is Mr./Miss/Ms./Comrade...

May I introduce you to...?

I’d like you to meet...

(2)How do you do?

Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.

Nice meeting you，Mr./Mrs./Miss...

(3)My name is...

I’m a(student，teacher，etc.)．

(4)I’m Chinese.

3．告別Farewells

句型結構

(1)I'm afraid I must be leaving now.

I think it is time for us to leave now.

It's time I met (did)．.. ；I have to go now.

(2)Good-bye ! (Bye-bye！Bye！)

See you later/tomorrow. (See you. )

Good night.

4．感謝和應答Thanks and responses

句型結構

(1)Thank you (very much)．

Thanks a lot.

Many thanks.

Thanks for...

(2)It's very kind of you to...

Not at all.

That's all right.

You are welcome.

5．祝愿，祝賀和應答 Good wishes, congratulations and responses

句型結構

(1)Good luck!

I wish you good luck (success) !

Good journey (to you) !

Have a good trip.

Have a nice (good) time.

I'd like to congratulate you on...

(2) Thank you.

The same to you.

(3)Happy New Year!

Merry Christmas !

Happy birthday to you.

6．道歉、遺憾和應答 Apologies，regrets and responses

句型結構

(1) Sorry/Pardon.

I am sorry.

I am sorry for (about)．..

I'm sorry to... have＋v.-ed/that...

(2)Excuse me (for...)

Be afraid＋that...

What a pity/shame!

It is a pity that...

(3)That's all right.

It doesn't matter.

That's nothing.

7．邀請和應答 Invitations and responses

句型結構

(1)Will you come to... ?

Would you like to... ?

I'd like to invite you to...

(2)Yes，l'd love to (...)．

Yes，it is very kind (nice) of you.

(3)I'd love to，but...

8．提供幫助和應答 Offers and responses

句型結構

(1)Can/Could/Shall I help you?

Would you like me to... ?

Is there anything (else) I can do for you?

Do you want me to... ?

What can I do for you?

Let me do/carry/help... for you.

Would you like some... ?

(2)Thanks. That would be nice/fine.

That's very kind of you.

Thank you for your help.

Yes, please.

Here, take this/my/...

(3) No, thanks/thank you.

I can manage it myself.

Thank you all the same.

That's very kind of you，but...

9．約會 Making appointments

句型結構

(1)Are/Will you be free this afternoon/tomorrow?

How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening?

Shall we meet at 4：30 at... ?

(2)Yes，that's all right.

Yes，I'll be free then.

(3)No，I won't be free then.

But I'll be free.

(4)All right. See you then.

10．就餐 Taking meals

句型結構

(1)What would you like to have?

Would you like something (to eat/drink)?

(2)I'd like...

Chicken/Two eggs..., please.

(3)Would you like some more... ?

Help yourself to some...

(4)Thank you. I've had enough.

I'm full，thank you.

Just a little，please.

11．打電話Making phone calls

句型結構

(1)Hello! Is... in?

May/Could I speak to... ?

Is that... (speaking) ?

(2) Hold on./Who is it?

He/She isn't here right now.

Can I take a message for you?

(3) Hello, this is... speaking.

I called to tell/ask you...

12．傳遞信息 Passing on a message

句型結構

(1)Will you please give this note/message to... ?

(2)．..asked me to give you this note.

(3)Thanks for the message.

13．看醫生 Seeing the doctor

句型結構

(1) There's something wrong with...

I've got a headache and a cough.

I feel terrible (bad)．

I don't feel well.

I've got a pain here.

This place hurts.

I've got a headache and a cough.

(2)Take this medicine three times a day.

Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.

It's nothing serious.

You'll be all right/well soon.

14．談論天氣 Talking about the weather

句型結構

(1) What's the weather like today? How's the weather...?

(2)It's fine/cloudy/windy/rainy...

It's getting cold/warm...

It's rather warm/cold/hot... today，isn't it?

It's a beautiful day today.

15．購物 Shopping

句型結構

(1)What can I do for you?

May/Can I help you?

(2)I want/I'd like...

How much is it?

That's too expensive，I'm afraid.

That's fine, I'll take it.

Let me have...

(3)How many/much do you want?

What colour/size/kind do you want?

(4)Do you have any other kind/size/colour，etc. ?

16．問路和應答 Asking the way and responses

句型結構

(1)Excuse me，where's the men's/ladies' room?

Excuse me，can you tell me the way to... ?

How can I get to... ? I don't know the way.

(2)Go down this street.

Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.

It's about...metres from here.

Go straight ahead till you see...

17．請求允許和應答 Asking for permissions and responses

句型結構

(1)May I．.. ?

Can/Could I．.. ?

I wonder if I could...

Would/Do you mind if I opened/open the window?

(2) Yes/Sure/Certainly.

Yes, (do) please.

Of course (you may)．

Go ahead, please.

That's OK/all right.

Not at all.

(3)I'm sorry，you can't.

I'm sorry，hut...

You'd better not.

18．勸告和建議 Advice and suggestions

句型結構

(1)You'd better (not)．..

You should/ought to...

You need (to)．..

I suggest that...

(2)Shall we... ?

Let's...

What/How about... ?

Why not...?

Why don't you... ?

19．提醒 Reminding

句型結構

Don't forget to...

Don't you remember the days when...

Make sure that everything is OK now.

二、態度

1．意愿和愿望 Intentions and wishes

句型結構

(1)I'm going to...

I intend/mean/plan to...

I will...

I feel like walking (going out for a walk)．

I'd like to...

I (do not) want/hope to...

I'm ready to...

I would rather not tell you.

(2)I want/hope/wish to...

I wish that...

I would do it if I should have the chance.

I would like to...

If only I could see him.

2．同意和不同意 Agreement and disagreement

句型結構

(1) Certainly/Sure/Of course.

No problem.

Yes, please.

Yes，I think so.

That's true/right.

All right/OK.

That's a good idea.

It's a good idea to.../It would be a good idea to.../that...

I/We agree (with you)．

I agree to.../that-clause.

(2)No. I don't think so.

Do you think so?

I'm afraid not.

I'm afraid I (really)can't agree with you.

I don't agree (with)．..

3．喜好和厭惡 Likes and dislikes

句型結構

(1)I like/love...(very much)．

I like/love to...

(2)I don't like (to)．..

I have (to)．..

三、情感

1．表示喜悅 Expressing pleasure

句型結構

I'm glad/pleased/happy to...

That's nice/wonderful/great.

Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine.

2．驚奇 Surprise

句型結構

Really?

Haven't you heard?

Oh dear!

Is that so?

Good heavens!

My God!

Goodness!

3．焦慮 Anxiety

句型結構

What's wrong?

What's the matter (with you)?

I'm/He's/She's worried.

Oh，what shall I/we do?

We were all anxious about...

4．安慰 Reassurance

Don't be afraid.

Don't worry. It's (quite) all right.

It'll be OK/all right.

Take your time.

5．滿意Satisfaction

Good!

Well done!

Perfect!

That's fine.

That's better.

That's good enough.

I'm pleased with your spoken English.

Wonderful, indeed.

6．遺憾 Regret

I'm so sorry!

It's a great pity!

What a shame!

That's too bad!

I wish I had never given it up.

I had been there, he would not have made such a serious if mistake.

7．同情 Sympathy

I'm so sorry!

I'm so sorry about your illness.