福建省2024高考英語（新人教版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)作業(yè)手冊（5）附詳細(xì)解析

　　課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)　[必修1　Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero](限時(shí)：45分鐘)

　　Ⅰ.完形填空It seemed to be a busy Saturday at the restaurant I work in.Then，all of a sudden，all the workers __1__ turning the kitchen upside down，going through the dustbin，looking for something.As it __2__，a server had lost her wallet full of money.It was really __3__ to see so many people digging through dustbin and taking the __4__ to help this girl.She was beside herself in tears.

　　Then，out of __5__，the story took a turn for the __6__.They found her wallet in the bathroom，empty.There is no doubt that another employee stole her money and left the wallet in the restroom while everyone else was __7__ trying to find it.People were __8__ and angry and everyone was surprised that someone we work with side-by-side，day in and day out could do such a thing.It seemed so __9__ and depressing—where had goodness and love gone?

　　Then，the story took yet another surprising __11__—for the better！Next thing I __11__ another server was handing this girl D|S175.00—a group of employees had pooled their money together to replace the stolen money.The __12__ and love didn’t stop there.

　　Customers that got __13__of what had happened gave her money as well.All kinds of people，even some who didn’t even know her，__14__ out their hands to help.By the end of the evening her tears of pain had turned into tears of joy.

　　It’s things like this that __15__ me that there is so much more light and love in every person in this world than there could ever be darkness.

　　【文章大意】　本文是議論文。一個(gè)服務(wù)員的錢包不慎丟失，眾人忙于尋找，不曾想有人暗中將里面的錢據(jù)為己有，于是大家默默無聞地籌錢，顧客也慷慨解囊。作者深深地感悟到世界并非如此黑暗。

　　1．A.consideredB．excused

　　C．risked

　　D．started

　　解析：選D。下一句提到一個(gè)服務(wù)員丟失了裝滿錢的錢包，由此可知所有的員工都“開始”在廚房中尋找。他們已經(jīng)付諸行動，不僅僅是考慮，因此A項(xiàng)不正確。

　　2．A.went on

　　B．cleared up

　　C．turned out

　　D．broke down

　　解析：選C。眾人之所以這么做的原因是幫助一個(gè)女服務(wù)員尋找丟失的錢包，turn out表示“結(jié)果是”。go on表示“繼續(xù)”，不符合語境。

　　3．A.moving

　　B．frightening

　　C．interesting

　　D．disturbing

　　解析：選A。看到這么多人挖掘垃圾來尋找錢包，著實(shí)令人“感動”。作者已經(jīng)知道了事情的來龍去脈，因此不會感到這樣做非常有意思，所以C項(xiàng)不正確。

　　4．A.chance

　　B．place

　　C．a(chǎn)dvice

　　D．time

　　解析：選D。眾人不惜花費(fèi)“時(shí)間”幫助這個(gè)女孩。他們是自發(fā)幫助這個(gè)女孩，而不是聽從了別人的建議，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

　　5．A.somewhere

　　B．nowhere

　　C．everywhere

　　D．a(chǎn)nywhere解析：選B。上文提到大家在熱火朝天地尋找錢包，下文是說錢包中的錢不翼而飛，這顯然出乎意料，所以用nowhere。A項(xiàng)表示肯定含義，不符合語境。

　　6．A.most

　　B．best

　　C．least

　　D．worst

　　解析：選D。下文是說錢包中的錢不見了，因此是“最壞的”結(jié)局。他們雖然找到了錢包，可里面的錢卻不翼而飛，所以B項(xiàng)不正確。

　　7．A.busy

　　B．polite

　　C．thankful

　　D．responsible

　　解析：選A。有人趁眾人“忙于”尋找錢包之際竊取了里面的錢。眾人對女孩錢包的丟失沒有任何責(zé)任，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

　　8．A.hurt

　　B．misunderstood

　　C．persuaded

　　D．questioned

　　解析：選A。眾人都在盡力，有人卻把錢包中的錢據(jù)為己有，由此可見人們的內(nèi)心受到了“傷害”。misunderstand表示“誤解”，不符合語境。

　　9．A.clever

　　B．difficult

　　C．dark

　　D．unlucky

　　解析：選C。這樣的事情太“邪惡”了。最后一段的最后一詞也是暗示。人們評價(jià)的是當(dāng)時(shí)所發(fā)生的情況，而unlucky一般用來形容人，所以不恰當(dāng)。

　　10．A.turn

　　B．server

　　C．wallet

　　D．room

　　解析：選A。此處與上一段開頭第一句相呼應(yīng)。選C項(xiàng)語句不通順。

　　11．A.thought

　　B．explained

　　C．wondered

　　D．knew

　　解析：選D。作者隨后“知道”的另外一件事情是一個(gè)服務(wù)員把一大筆錢交給了女孩。作者親眼目睹了眼前的一切，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

　　12．A.truth

　　B．kindness

　　C．honesty

　　D．respect

　　解析：選B。此處與上一段最后一句中的goodness相呼應(yīng)。眾人伸出了援助之手，與真理無關(guān)，因此A項(xiàng)不正確。

　　13．A.nothing

　　B．hold

　　C．wind

　　D．rid

　　解析：選C。顧客聞“風(fēng)”而動，也慷慨解囊。get wind of意為“得到……的風(fēng)聲，獲得……的線索”。get hold of表示“抓住；掌握”，不符合語境。

　　14．A.took

　　B．carried

　　C．put

　　D．reached

　　解析：選D。所有的人，甚至是素不相識的人，都“伸出”了援助之手。take out表示“拿出”，語意不恰當(dāng)。

　　15．A.reminds

　　B．warns

　　C．expects

　　D．a(chǎn)dvises

　　解析：選A。這樣的事情“提醒”作者世界上每個(gè)人的心中都有光明和關(guān)愛。expect表示“期望”，不符合所給語境。Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空________ trouble, we should never lose ________ heart.

　　A．a(chǎn); the

　　B．a(chǎn); a

　　C．/；/

　　D．/; the________all his energy to teaching and researching as well as the running of a healthy school.

　　A．devoted

　　B．devoting

　　C．to devote

　　D．a(chǎn)nd devote

　　3．With the money earned from the school garden, the students bought a blackboard, chairs and other things to ________ a “green classroom”．

　　A．pack up

　　B．set up

　　C．a(chǎn)dd up

　　D．come up

　　4．I can't say I'm the best. I have only ________ made more efforts than others.

　　A．definitely

　　B．relativelyticket price will be ________ to ordinary people.

　　A．a(chǎn)vailable

　　B．considerable

　　C．a(chǎn)cceptable

　　D．practical

　　6．The two nurses ________ 100，000 have been rewarded

　　D．had been rewardedbut she doesn't know whom to ________．

　　A．turn to

　　B．look for

　　C．deal with

　　D．talk about

　　8．The last thirty years________ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we have reached a stage________we have almost no rights at all.

　　A．saw; which

　　B．see; wherein which

　　D．have seen; where________ to look into the problem.

　　A．was set up

　　B．has been set up

　　C．has been setting up

　　D．is setting up________ to death in the big fire.

　　A．burning

　　B．to be burned

　　C．being burned

　　D．to have been burned

　　11．The island is________attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.

　　A．partly

　　B．merely

　　C．nearly

　　D．equally

　　12．You can never imagine what great trouble I had________the poor boy who was hurt seriously.

　　A．help

　　B．to help

　　C．helped

　　D．helping

　　13．Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours________a decision.

　　A．they reached

　　B．did they reach

　　C．they reach

　　D．do they reach

　　14．________I met him，he was working as a secretary in a big company.first time

　　B．The first time ________ she was more than nervous at the time she was being questioned.

　　A．in actual

　　B．a(chǎn)ctually閱讀理解people would not test medicines on animals.Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people.Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge.That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.

　　Europe, on the whole, has the world's most restrictive laws on animal experiments. Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year.But that is misleading.The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher.Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.

　　Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs.Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended.In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use.At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments.If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day.This practice means wasting time, money, and animals' lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.

　　Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives.It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.Europe' s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.

　　16．What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A．The success of animal experiments should be ensured.

　　B．Ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.

　　C．Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.

　　D．Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.

　　17．Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?

　　A．America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.

　　B．Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.

　　C．Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does.

　　D．Japan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.

　　18．Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments?

　　A．Statistical studies.

　　B．Computer models.

　　C．DNA planted in animals.

　　D．Tissue from dead animals.

　　19．What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?

　　A．They are not revealed to the public.

　　B．They are made into teaching materials.

　　C．They are collected for future publication.

　　D．They are not removed from the research topic list.

　　B

　　Today we will explain a very old saying that has had a big influence on rock-and-roll music. That saying is “A rolling stone gathers no moss”．It has several meanings. One meaning is that a person who never settles down in one place will not be successful. Another is that someone who is always moving, with no roots in one place, avoids responsibilities.

　　This proverb was said to be first used in the 1500s. But in the 1960s, the expression “rolling stone” became famous in the world of rock-and-roll music. It became the name of a song, a rock group and a magazine.

　　Experts say it all started with a song by the American singer and guitarist Muddy Waters. He was one of the country's top blues musicians until his death in 1983. His music influenced singers like Elvis Presley and Bob Dylan. In 1950, Muddy Waters recorded a song called “Rolling Stone”．-roll band”．Bob Dylan released his song “Like a Rolling Stone”．It is one of his best known and most influential works.，“with no direction home, like a complete unknown, like a rolling stone”．a(chǎn) young man named Jann Wenner started a magazine and he named it “Rolling Stone”．The magazine reported on rock music and the popular culture that the music created. By 1971，“Rolling Stone” had become the leading rock music and counterculture publication. It is still popular today.

　　20．Which person can be described as a rolling stone according to the proverb?

　　A．A person who always changes his jobs.

　　B．A person who has a successful career.

　　C．A person who has no family.

　　D．A person who is out of work.

　　21．All of them are musicians except ________．Wenner

　　22．Who first used “rolling stone” as a name for music?

　　A．Jann Wenner.

　　B．Bob Dylan.

　　C．Elvis Presley.

　　D．Muddy Waters.

　　Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)最近我校舉辦了一次英語書法比賽。大部分同學(xué)們積極參與，但少數(shù)同學(xué)書寫不好，也不愿改善。請你根據(jù)以下提示，給《二十一世紀(jì)報(bào)》寫一篇短文，分析該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因并發(fā)表自己的看法。

　　現(xiàn)象

　　一些學(xué)生不善書寫，也不愿改善書寫

　　原因 1.功課太忙，沒時(shí)間練字；練字見效慢，很難練好。

　　你的看法 ……注意：詞數(shù)120左右；開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。…

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　　參考答案

　　課時(shí)作業(yè)(五)　考查冠詞的用法。in trouble處于困境中；lose heart失去信心。　考查非謂語動詞的用法。devote的邏輯主語就是主句的主語Principal White, 后面有賓語all his energy，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。　考查動詞短語辨析。set up 成立，建立，符合句意。 pack up 包起來；add up 加起來； come up 出現(xiàn)。　考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能說自己是最好的，相對而言，我只是比別人付出更多努力而已。definitely意為“肯定地，當(dāng)然地，明確地”；relatively意obviously意為“顯然地”；certainly意為“當(dāng)然，一定”。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。　考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，與to搭配，符合句意。available可用的；considerable相當(dāng)多(或大、重要等)的；practical實(shí)際的。　考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，reward所表示的動作發(fā)生在“donated”這一動作之前，所以用過去完成時(shí)；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)reward”與“the two nurses”之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故選D。　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她新買的電腦使用起來很困難，但她不知道向誰求助。 turn to 求助于；look for 尋找； deal with 處理； talk about 談?wù)摗！】疾閯釉~的時(shí)態(tài)和定語從句。句意：在過去這30年中，我們已經(jīng)見證了……，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；stage作先行詞，后面的定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀where。　考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：已經(jīng)成立一個(gè)工作小組去調(diào)查這個(gè)問題了。故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。　考查動詞的用法。escape后跟動名詞作賓語；由于主語the little boy是burn動作的承受者，所以要用動名詞的被動式。　考查副詞的用法。根據(jù)本句后半部分的內(nèi)容可知這座島嶼在春天和秋天同樣吸引人，所以用equally表示“相等地，同樣”。　考查固定搭配。將句子成分great trouble放回原處，即have trouble(in) doing可知答案是D。　考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：只有在他們討論這個(gè)問題好幾個(gè)小時(shí)之后他們才作出決定。only修飾時(shí)間狀語從句且位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)采用部分倒裝的形式。根據(jù)狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以確定主句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故選B。　考查名詞短語的連詞功能。the first time相當(dāng)　考查詞語辨析。句意：她假裝鎮(zhèn)靜但實(shí)際上在被提問時(shí)她十分緊張。 actually 實(shí)際上，相當(dāng)于 in fact, as a matter of fact。用動物進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)被人們的輿論推向了風(fēng)口浪尖，然而，受諸多因素的影響，終止動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的道路依然任重而道遠(yuǎn)。盡管歐洲有嚴(yán)格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。　主旨大意題。文章C項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意。　正誤判斷題。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中國與美國的數(shù)據(jù)相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本對每年用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室動物的數(shù)據(jù)記錄有限。　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的內(nèi)容可知可用“人　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的倒數(shù)第二、第三句可知，科學(xué)家們只分享成功的試驗(yàn)，如果結(jié)果與假設(shè)不符，所做的工作將不公開。由此可推斷不成功的試驗(yàn)不會展示給公眾。本文講述的是諺語A rolling stone gathers no moss.“滾石不生苔，改行不攢財(cái)”對滾石音樂的影響以及《滾石》雜志的誕生。　 推理判斷題。從第一段的最后兩句話可A項(xiàng)指的是經(jīng)常換工作的人，符合題意。　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知Elvis Presley，Bob Dylan和Muddy Waters都是音樂家；根據(jù)最后一段可知Jann Wenner是開辦雜志《滾石》的人。故選D。　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Experts say it all started with a song by the American singer and guitarist Muddy Waters.”可知，rolling stone作為音樂的名字最早是被Muddy Waters使用的。：we held an English Handwriting Competition. Many students took an active part in the activity.