概念

　　形容詞是用來(lái)修飾,描述名詞或代詞的詞,主要用作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等.

　　副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,其化副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或全句的詞.

　　二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

　　1.形容詞及其用法

　　1）直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：hot。

　　2）敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid

　　well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。

　　3）形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在這些詞之后。例如：something nice.

　　-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞

　　1） -ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。

　　改錯(cuò)： （錯(cuò)） She sang lovely.

　　（錯(cuò)） He spoke to me very friendly.

　　（對(duì)） Her singing was lovely.

　　（對(duì)） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

　　2）有些以-ly daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如：

　　The Times is a weekly paper. 《時(shí)代周刊》為周刊。

　　The Times is published weekly. 《時(shí)代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。

　　1） the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：

　　The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。

　　2） the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如：

　　The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國(guó)人頗有幽默感。

　　多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--（大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色）--出處--材料性質(zhì)--類別--名詞。例如：

　　a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car

　　2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

　　A. old Chinese stone　B. Chinese old stone　C. old stone Chinese　D. Chinese stone old

　　答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。

　　3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

　　---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.

　　A. few last sunny　 B. last few sunny　 C. last sunny few　 D. few sunny last

　　1）

　　2） be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。　

　　3）

　　注意：

　　　 a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：

　　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。

　　b. 方式副詞well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：

　　He speaks English well. 他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。

　　1） close與closely

　　close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"。例如：

　　He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。

　　Watch him closely. 盯著他。

　　2） late lately

　　late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"。例如：

　　You have come too late. 你來(lái)得太晚了。

　　What have you been doing lately? 近來(lái)好嗎？

　　3） deep與deeply

　　deep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：

　　He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進(jìn)泥里。

　　Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動(dòng)了。

　　4） high與highly

　　high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much。例如：

　　The plane was flying high. 這架飛機(jī)飛得很高。

　　I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。

　　5） wide與widely

　　wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是"廣泛地"，"在許多地方"。例如：

　　He opened the door wide. 他把門(mén)開(kāi)得大大的。

　　English is widely used in the world.英語(yǔ)在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。

　　6） free與freely

　　free的意思是"免費(fèi)"；freely 的意思是"無(wú)限制地"。例如：

　　You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無(wú)論什么時(shí)候，我這飯鋪免費(fèi)對(duì)你開(kāi)放。

　　You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言，想說(shuō)什么就說(shuō)什么。

　　　大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，用來(lái)表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

　　1）

　　　 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

　　原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)

　　一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest

　　以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st nice nicer nicest

　　-er,-est big bigger biggest

　　"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-estbusy busier busiest

　　-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest

　　more，most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily

　　2）

　　原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)

　　good better best

　　well（健康的） worse worst

　　bad

　　ill（有病的）

　　old older/elder oldest/eldest

　　much/many more most

　　little less least

　　far

　　farther/further farthest/furthest

　　as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as

　　1）在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用so… as。例如：

　　He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒(méi)你跑得快。

　　2）當(dāng)as… as as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如：

　　This is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。

　　I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。

　　3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在as的前面。例如：

　　This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。

　　Your room is the same size as mine.　你的房間和我的一樣大。

　　4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as　 + the … + of。例如：

　　This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長(zhǎng)度是那座的三倍。

　　This bridge is three times the length of that one.

　　Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。

　　Your room is twice the size of mine.

　　10. 比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如：

　　You are taller than I. 你比我高。

　　They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。

　　1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。

　　（錯(cuò)） He is more cleverer than his brother.

　　（對(duì)） He is more clever than his brother.

　　（對(duì)） He is clever than his brother.

　　2）要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。

　　（錯(cuò)） China is larger than any country in Asia.

　　（對(duì)） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

　　3）要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。

　　The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

　　　 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

　　4）要注意定冠詞在比較級(jí)中的使用。

　　比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

　　Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

　　She is taller than her two sisters.

　　She is the taller of the two sisters.

　　11.可修飾比較級(jí)的詞

　　1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

　　2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ)。

　　3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面。

　　many, old 和 far

　　1） much more +不可數(shù)名詞，many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。　

　　2） old : older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest

　　　My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是個(gè)工程師。

　　Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 瑪麗是三姐妹中最大的。

　　3） far farther，further。一般father 表示距離，further表示進(jìn)一步。例如：

　　I have nothing further to say. 我沒(méi)什么要說(shuō)了。 the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍

　　1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。例如：

　　The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。

　　most前面沒(méi)有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示"非常"。例如：

　　It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。

　　　 （錯(cuò)）　Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

　　　 （對(duì)）　Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

　　2） by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：

　　This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。

　　a. very可修飾最高級(jí)，但位置與much不同。

　　This is the very best.

　　This is much the best.

　　b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如：

　　Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。

　　3）

　　Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。

　　Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.

　　4） "否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)"，"否定詞語(yǔ)+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級(jí)含義。例如：

　　Nothing is so easy as this. 沒(méi)比這更簡(jiǎn)單的了。

　　=Nothing is easier than this.

　　=This is the easiest thing.

　　14. 和more有關(guān)的詞組，

　　1） the more…the more…　越……就越……。例如：

　　The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，進(jìn)步越大。

　　2） more B than A=less A than B

　　A不如說(shuō)B。例如：

　　He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作時(shí)，與其說(shuō)是反應(yīng)慢不如說(shuō)是懶。

　　3） no more… than… 與……一樣……，不比……多。例如：

　　The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。

　　no less… than…　與……一樣……。例如：

　　He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。

　　4） more than　不只是，非常。例如：

　　She is more than kind to us all. 她對(duì)我們非常熱心。

　　? The modern machine proved ______ in heart surgery.

　　a. high valuable

　　b. highly valuable

　　c. valuable high

　　d. valuable highly

　　Mr. Johnson and his ______ daughter do not always understand each other.

　　a. older

　　b. the oldest

　　c. eldest

　　d. the eldest

　　They ______ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.

　　a. little

　　b. not

　　c. small

　　d. bit

　　They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is ______.

　　a. so small

　　b. such little

　　c. so little

　　d. such small

　　If a claim is kept ______, it is more likely to be recognized.

　　a. live

　　b. lived

　　c. alive

　　d. living

　　On his way to school he met ______, so he sent him to hospital.

　　a. very ill man

　　b. much sick man

　　c. serious ill man

　　d. very sick man

　　She was operated a month ago but now she was ______.

　　a. very good

　　b. very well

　　c. healthy

　　d. good conditioned

　　What I would do is to go ______.

　　a. really quietly somewhere

　　b. somewhere quietly really

　　c. really quiet somewhere

　　d. somewhere really quiet

　　The chairman asked ______ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.

　　a. the present members

　　b. the members presently

　　c. the members present

　　d. the presently members

　　10.?? The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.

　　a. three times much as

　　b. three times as many as

　　c. as three times much as

　　d. three times as much as

　　11.???? The trousers are ______, but Tom does not care a bit.

　　a. too a little small

　　b. a little too small

　　c. a too little small

　　d. a small too little

　　12.???? She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than ______.

　　a. other girls

　　b. that of other girls

　　c. the other girls

　　d. those of other girls

　　13.???? he can play tennis better than ______ in the class.

　　a. any boys

　　b. any other boy

　　c. any boy

　　d. any other

　　14.???? Kasia is taking her ______ tour of the shops in search of bargains.

　　a. daily

　　b. day

　　c. day time

　　d. night

　　15.???? ______ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become.

　　a. The more frequent

　　b. The frequenter

　　c. The more frequently

　　d. the frequentlier

　　16.???? We’d better wait _______ , Peter and Tom will come very soon.

　　a. a little longer

　　b. more longer

　　c. long

　　d. as longer

　　17.???? although the medicine tastes ______, it seems to help my condition.