必修5　 Unit 1　Great scientists

　　要 點 梳 理

　　高效梳理·知識備考

　　●重點單詞

　　1．characteristic n2．conclude vt. & vi.conclusion n．結論；結束 3．defeat vt. n．失敗 4．attend vt.5．expose vt.exposion n．暴露

　　6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治療 7．challenge n．挑戰 vt.向……挑戰→challenger n．挑戰者 8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心 9．suspect vt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．懷疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的 10．foresee vt.預見；預告→foretell v．預言→forecast v．預報

　　11．blame vt. n．過失；責備 12．pollute vt.pollution n．污染 13．handle n vt.處理；操縱 14．link vt. & n15．announce vt.announcement n．通知；宣告 16．instruct vt.instruction n．教授；傳授→instructions n．指示，

　　17．construct vt.construction n．建設；建筑物 18．contribute vt. & vi.contribution n．貢獻 19．spin vi. & vt.()旋轉；紡(線或紗) 20．reject vt.rejection n．拒絕；拋棄

　　●重點短語

　　1．put forward 2．draw a conclusion

　　3．expose...to

　　4．link...to...

　　5．apart from

　　6．make sense

　　7．look into

　　8．at times

　　9．be against

　　10．(be) strict with

　　11．be to blame

　　12．with certainty

　　●重點句型

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(霍亂)都會有成千上萬恐慌的人死去。2．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. ，。

　　3．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it....，

　　●高考范文 (2008·安徽) 假定你是李華，David是你的美國筆友。，。，。。。

　　1.詞數100左右，信的格式已為你寫好。 2．3．environment－friendly shopping bag；關注concern。

　　June 8 Dear David， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　寫作要點： 本篇書面表達要求寫一封書信，請注意英文書信格式及文體特點；人稱需用第一人稱；時態需用一般現在時。 1．environmental protection (環境保護), white pollution (白色污染)，reuse (再利用), rubbish (垃圾)等； 2． I‘m glad that..., Thank you for..., I believe/hope/think...that...等。

　　[范文]

　　June_8 Dear_David，I'm glad that you've noticed our efforts directed towards environmental protection. Thank you for your concern. As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution, our government encourages us to use environment－friendly shopping bags. These bags are made of a variety of materials that can be easily treated when they become

　　rubbish. Besides, they can be reused. More and more people in China have realized the advantages of such bags and started using them.

　　I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our environment. This is one of the many steps we are taking to make our country an even cleaner place.

　　Yours，

　　Li_Hua

　　考 點 探 究

　　互動探究·能力備考

　　Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關

　　1．conclude vt.(不用于進行時) conclusion n．　結論，推論 conclusive adj.　結論性的 conclude...by/with...以……結束 conclude to do sth. 決定做某事

　　conclude...from...從……中推斷 to conclude (做插入語)最后(一句話) in conclusion 最后，bring...to a conclusion 使……結束 make a conclusion 下結論 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出結論，

　　[即學即練1](1)He _____________ his speech with a joke. 他以一個笑話結束了他的演講。(2)The meeting ____________ at nine o‘clock. 會議9點鐘結束了。(3)The police ____________ that he must be the murderer. 警察斷定他一定是殺人兇手。

　　concluded

　　concluded

　　concluded

　　(4)____________， wish all of you good health and a long life.。(5)____________， I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.。

　　To conclude

　　In conclusion

　　2．attend vt.&vi. attendance n. 出席，到場，參加 attend a meeting/a lecture/school 參加會議/聽報告/上學 attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顧某人 attend to 處理，，，

　　[即學即練2](1)He didn‘t __________________ yesterday.他昨天沒有參加會議。(2)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody ______________ him. 長跑之后他感到非常疲勞，。(3)Business has to __________________. 生意是必須要料理的。

　　attend the meeting

　　to attend on

　　be attended to

　　(4)__________your studies. 。

　　Attend to

　　3．expose vt. exposure n. 暴露，顯露；揭露，揭發 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...) 顯露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(給……) be exposed to 暴露于……

　　[即學即練3](1)My job as a journalist is to _______________.我作為記者的職責就是揭露事實。(2)Don‘t ______ babies ______ strong sunlight. 不要讓嬰兒受到強烈陽光的照射。(3)It’s very dangerous to _______________ these viruses without any protection. 不加任何保護，。

　　expose the truth

　　expose

　　to

　　be exposed to

　　4．cure n. vt. 治愈；治療 curable adj. 可治愈的 a cure for... 針對……的治療 cure sb. of sth. 消除某人……；治愈某人……

　　[即學即練4](1)The doctor can't ______ her ______ the cancer. 醫生治不好她的癌癥。(2)Nothing can ______ you ______ your bad habits. 沒有什么能去掉你的壞習慣。(3)This is ___________________ SARS. 這是一種新的SARS治療方法。

　　cure

　　of

　　cure

　　of

　　a new cure for

　　拓展：vt.＋sb. ＋of sth.結構的短語還有： remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 suspect sb. of sth.懷疑某人(做)某事 rob sb. of sth.搶了某人某物 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事

　　5．absorb vt.(液體、氣體等)；理解，獲取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或興趣 absorb water/light/heat (＝take in) 吸收水/光/熱 absorb what sb. said 理解某人所說的話 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in... 全神貫注于……

　　[即學即練5](1)Black cloth __________ light. 黑色布料吸收光線。(2)Did you ______ everything the professor said? 教授說的你全部理解了嗎？ (3)He ________________ deep thought. 他陷入沉思。

　　absorbs

　　absorb

　　was absorbed in

　　6．suspect vt.n．suspect sth.懷疑某事 suspect thatclause懷疑…… suspect sb. of(doing) sth. 懷疑某人有某種罪行或做過某事 suspect sb. to be...猜想某人是……

　　[即學即練6](1)I began to _________ (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我開始懷疑他們試圖擺脫我。(2)They ______ him ______ murder. 他們懷疑他犯有謀殺罪。(3)What made you _________ her ______ having taken the money？你憑什么懷疑錢是她偷的？ (4)The police arrested the _________ yesterday. 警方昨天逮捕了那個嫌疑犯。

　　suspect

　　suspect

　　of

　　suspect

　　of

　　suspect

　　7．blame n&vt.責備；責任 blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因為某事責備某人/責備某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人 be to blame (for)應(為……)承擔責任；該(為……) 受責備(此處不能用被動語態) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 對某事負責任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 將某事歸咎于某人

　　[即學即練7](1)He _________ me ______ my carelessness. 他責備我的疏忽大意。(2)Mr Li is not __________________ the accident. 這次事故不能怨李先生。(3)Where does __________________ our failure lie? 我們失敗的癥結在哪里？

　　blamed

　　for

　　to blame for

　　the blame for

　　8．contribute vt.&vi.(稿) contribution n. 貢獻，捐獻，投稿 contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人 contribute to sth. 增加，contribute sth. to/towards 給……捐獻/捐贈 contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿 make a contribution to...為……作貢獻

　　[即學即練8](1)We should __________ food and clothing ______ the relief of the poor. 我們應該捐贈食品和衣物救濟貧民。(2)Drink _______________ his ruin.酗酒促使他毀滅。(3)The Song Dynasty _____________ three great inventions ______ world civilization. 宋朝為世界文明貢獻出三大發明。(4)He ___________ an article ______ China Daily. 他為《中國日報》撰寫了一篇文章。

　　contribute

　　for

　　contributed to

　　contributed

　　to

　　contributed

　　to

　　9．reject vt.n．

　　[即學即練9](1)My cousin tried to join the army but ____________. 我堂兄試圖參軍，。(2)After the transplant his body __________ the new heart. 在移植手術后，。(3)I __________ the rotten oranges.我把腐爛的橘子扔掉了。

　　was rejected

　　rejected

　　rejected

　　提示：reject與refuse的區別 refuse指拒絕別人的請求、幫助、邀請等，其后可跟不定式。 reject不能用于拒絕別人的邀請或幫助，其后不能跟不定式。 She refused (to accept) my gift.＝She rejected my gift. 她拒絕接受我的禮物。

　　10．put forward put away/aside 放在一邊；收拾起來；儲存 put back 放回，put down 寫下；鎮壓；放下 put forth 提出；頒布 put...into 把……翻譯成 put off 延期，

　　put on 穿、(速度、)增加；上演 put out 撲滅，put through 接通電話 put up 舉起；建造；張貼 put up with 忍受，，

　　[即學即練10](1)She often ___________ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建議。(2)Can I ______ you/your name ___________ as golf club secretary？我推薦你擔任高爾夫球俱樂部的秘書怎么樣？ (3)We have ______ the wedding ___________ one week.我們已將婚禮提前了一周。(4)______ your watch __________； you‘re five minutes slow. 把你的表往前撥一下，5分鐘。

　　puts forward

　　put

　　forward

　　put

　　forward by

　　Put

　　forward

　　11．apart fromtake...apart把……拆開 tell...apart區分，set/put apart留出

　　[即學即練11](1)____________ the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了花錢以外，。(2)I have nothing ____________ the clothes I am wearing.除了我身上穿的衣服以外，。(3)The mechanics ______ the engine ______. 機械師把發動機拆開了。(4)It’s almost impossible to ______ Jackie and Moira ______ since they had their hair cut. 杰姬和莫伊拉把頭發剪了，。

　　Apart from

　　apart from

　　took

　　apart

　　tell

　　apart

　　12．make sense make sense of sth. 懂；了解……的含義 make no sense 講不通；無意義 in a sense 就某種意義而言；在某種意義上 in no sense 決不是；決非 There is no sense in doing sth. 做……沒必要/道理 a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感 common sense 常識

　　[即學即練12](1)What he says ____________. 他說的有道理。(2)Can you ______________ this poem? 你能明白這首詩的含義嗎？ (3)What you say is true ___________. 你所說的在某種意義上是真實的。(4)That just ____________________ me. 那對我毫無意義。

　　makes sense

　　make sense of

　　in a sense

　　makes no sense to

　　(5)_____________ does this excuse their actions.。(6)_____________________in getting upset about it now.現在為這件事苦惱是沒有意義的。

　　In no sense

　　There is no sense

　　Ⅱ.重點句型詳解

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. (霍亂)時，就有大批驚恐的人死去。

　　這是由名詞詞組 every time 充當連詞的時間狀語從句，， when。，。

　　(1)不定代詞＋time　如：any time, each time... (2)序數詞＋time　如：the first/last time... (3)the＋瞬時名詞　如：the minute/moment/instant (4)the＋時間名詞　如：the day/night/month/time... ①He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her. 他每次去看她都給她帶花。

　　The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded. 他第一次做實驗就成功了。I‘ll give him your message the minute he arrives. 等他一到，。He bought a computer the day he got his salary. 他發工資那天買了一臺電腦。

　　[1]　The boys ran off______ they saw the owner of the orchard (果園)． A．at times

　　B．the hour C．the moment

　　Dat once

　　答案：C

　　解析：句中 the moment 引導時間狀語從句，相當于 as soon as。

　　2．Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. only 修飾副詞、，，，、 be放在主語之前。

　　Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made. 只有在那時我才意識到我所犯的錯誤。Only in this way can you make progress. 只有以這種方式你才能取得進步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年戰爭結束時他才能回家。

　　if only要是……該多好，但愿。if only從句可單獨使用，這時要用虛擬語氣：表示與過去相反的愿望用 had done；與現在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示與將來相反的愿望用 “would/could/might＋動詞原形”。 ①If only I had gone to Beijing. 我要是去了北京就好了。If only he could come tomorrow. 他要是明天能來就好了。

　　[2]　______both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region. A．Only if

　　BUnless C．If only

　　DAs long as

　　答案：A

　　解析：主句中用了“will＋主語＋be”倒裝結構，故選 Only if。

　　易 錯 點 撥

　　自我完善·誤區備考

　　1. defeat/beat/win 這三個詞都有“贏”的意思，但其用法不盡相同。(1)defeat和beat是同義詞，。a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat，beat，。(2)win表示在較強的競爭中取得了勝利，game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win。

　　[1]　用defeat, beat, win填空 (1)He ____________ all his opponents in the election. (2)Peasants ______ the drought and reaped a good harvest. (3)After a hearttoheart talk, I ______ his belief at last.

　　defeated/beat

　　beat

　　won

　　(4)The enemy’s plot was _________ very soon. (5)We wouldn’t have ______without your help. (6)Mary ______ first prize for swimming. 　

　　defeated

　　won

　　won

　　2. cure/treat/heal (1)treat指通過藥物、特別的食品或運動治病，強調治療過程，treat sb. for sth.，，treat...as/視為。(2)cure意為“治愈，，。，sb. of再加表示疾病的名詞。，，，。(3)heal意為“治愈”，，wound, cut, injury, burn等。

　　[2]　(1)He _________ his students as his own children.他把學生看作自己的孩子。(2)The doctors are trying to ______ him with a new drug. 醫生們嘗試用一種新藥為他治病。(3)His wound is _________ over. 他的傷口正在愈合。 (4)The medicine will ______ you of your cough. 這藥能治好你的咳嗽。(5)When I left hospital I was completely ______. 出院時我已完全康復了。