Module 4

　　Carnival Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、extend：vi./vt.

　　(時、空間的)延伸/延續(xù)/延長伸出(手臂等)展開(翅膀)擴展擴大/擴張擴散給予(歡迎, 幫助等)提供贈送等extend your hands伸出手extend one's business擴大其營業(yè)extend financial help to sb.給予某人資助The hot weather extended into October.熱到十月The road extends for miles.路綿延數(shù)英里。

　　The mountains extend over the western end of the island. 山脈向島嶼的西端延伸出去。

　　He extended his hand in greeting.The birds extend their wings in flight.展翅飛翔。The car park has been extended.停車場被擴建。 Fruit trees extended out over the fences.樹枝伸出墻。

　　extend for 延續(xù)...(距離)extend over 延續(xù)...(時間), 遍布extend from從...伸出來xtend out 伸出extend from ...to/into從...延綿延伸[插]到...extend through ...貫穿...extend through to (一直)延伸到extended延長的extensive廣闊的intend

　　辨析extend： “延長,伸展”,指時空上的擴展與延長。可比喻意義上的“延長”，或范圍的“擴展”。the extended meaning of a word (詞匯的引伸意義)，to extend (or lengthen) a road (延長道路)，to extend (or lengthen) one's stay. (延長某人的逗留)Can you extend your visit for a few days more? 你能把你的訪問再延長幾天嗎？

　　The railway will be extended next year. 明年將要延長這條鐵路。

　　He is extending his eyes with radar;… 人類借助雷達來擴大自己的視野。

　　My garden extends as far as the river.

　　我的花園一直伸展到河邊

　　expand“不受約束地擴大”,用于具體事物時指體積的膨脹Water expands when it freezes.水結(jié)冰會膨脹。

　　Their business expanded into other hotels and properties. 他們的業(yè)務擴展到了其他旅館和房地產(chǎn)prolong：“延長”,多指時間上的延長

　　就細節(jié)達成協(xié)議Two countries prolonged signing an agreement until details could be agreed on. 兩國推遲簽約直到

　　2、pretend： vt. 假裝that-clause/ to do。“假裝正…”用不定式進行時；“假裝已…”用不定式完成時。

　　Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. 普通人可以裝成闊佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地體驗浪漫奇遇。

　　He pretended to be friendly with us.裝出友好。He pretended not to have heard about it.假裝沒聽過這事。

　　The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. 老師進來時，學生們假裝在讀書。

　　He pretended to have been punished by the teacher. 他假裝受到了老師的懲罰。

　　He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. 他裝病以便能呆在家里。

　　3、come to an end：動詞短語，意為“完結(jié)be over。

　　反義短語begin with開始The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago. 最初的威尼斯狂歡節(jié)在200年前就完結(jié)了。

　　The Chinese Spring Festival begins on January 1st and comes to an end on January 15th according to the lunar calendar(陰歷).中國春節(jié), 按陰歷從元月初一到元月十五。

　　The meeting came to an end at last.bring...to an end結(jié)束

　　put an end to結(jié)束

　　end up結(jié)束(不及物)

　　end up with以…結(jié)束

　　He brought his lecture to an end around ten o’clock. 他在10點左右結(jié)束了他的演講。

　　Let’s put an end to this quarrel. 我們結(jié)束這場爭吵吧。

　　Our game always ends up in a quarrel.常用短語come to a crisis陷入危機　come to a close漸近結(jié)束,臨終come to an agreement達成協(xié)議come to life蘇醒變得活躍顯得逼真come to light顯露,暴露,成為人所共知come to power(開始)掌權(quán),上臺dress up：裝扮/梳妝打扮。 強調(diào)外表上的衣著講究Don't bother to dress up—come as you are.

　　用不著穿講究衣服－－就穿平常的衣服來吧。We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day. 我們?yōu)閰⒓訉W校的圣誕舞會而盛裝打扮。

　　I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing. 我喜歡穿上古裝的樂趣。

　　The little girl dressed herself up as an angle. 這小姑娘把自己裝扮成天使。

　　歸納：dress sb.給某人穿衣

　　be dressed in穿著

　　He is smartly dressed in red when I saw him at the dinner. 在宴會上見到他身著紅衣，帥氣十足。

　　She dressed her son in a hurry, because he couldn’t dress himself. 匆匆給兒子穿上衣，因自己不會。

　　辨析：wear，have on，put on，dress，(be)in

　　1) wear：用于穿衣服、戴眼鏡(手套/首飾/帽)等，強調(diào)“穿(戴)”的狀態(tài)。Today she is wearing her necklace.

　　2) have on：同wear一樣，也表狀態(tài)，但不用于進行時態(tài)。

　　He has on a red T-shirt every day.

　　3) put on：著重強調(diào)“穿(戴)上”的動作。He put on his coat and went out.

　　4) dress：vt./vi.，賓語是人而非衣帽等物。也可跟副詞表狀態(tài)。 be dressed in表狀態(tài)，“穿著”的意思。

　　Since the accident he can’t feed or dress himself.

　　dress well /badly / neatly 衣著漂亮難看整潔

　　She always dressed in black.

　　她總穿著黑衣服。5) (be) in＋：“顏色或服裝、眼鏡等”也表“穿著”的狀態(tài)，在句中作表語或定語。

　　The lady who is in white is our teacher of Chinese.

　　4、revive：vi./vt. (使)蘇醒恢復精力復元恢復生機 (使)復興 (使)再生效回想The fresh air soon revived him. 新鮮空氣很快就使他蘇醒過來了。

　　These flowers will revive in water.花在水中會再活。The crops revived in the rain.在雨中又生機盎然。

　　The fine arts revived during the Renaissance. 在文藝復興時期美術(shù)復興了。The Prime Minister promised to revive the economy. 首相承諾振興經(jīng)濟。The picture revived memories of his childhood. 這張照片使他回憶起他的童年時代book： vt. 預訂Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.

　　酒店已被預訂一空，狹窄的街道上滿眼都是華麗的盛裝。

　　I’d like to book three seats for tonight’s concert.我想預訂三個今晚音樂會的座位。

　　I’d like to book a table for 8 o’clock tonight.Please book a double room for me. 請給我訂一個雙人間。

　　I have booked two seats for the theatre on Saturday. 我預訂了兩張星期六的戲票。

　　辨析book：“預訂”, 多指預訂各種席位, 如交通、旅館、娛樂場館等的位置；

　　order“預訂”, 多指預訂各種貨物。

　　I have booked two tickets for the film tonight. Mary has

　　a flight from New York to London.

　　The lecturer is booked for every night of this week.

　　They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada.

　　I have ordered a camera on line.

　　搭配book in：簽到; (旅館等)登記旅客姓名等; 簽收[發(fā)](貨物)預定旅館房間; 辦理登記手續(xù)The latest representatives booked in at 3 o'clock. 最后一批代表已經(jīng)在三點鐘報到了。

　　I could not get even one ticket since all the seats were booked up. 一張票也弄不到，所有位都已預定。

　　book sth. to sb.( = book sth. down to sb.) 把貨款記在某人帳上book through 買直達票; 直運(行李)book up 預訂(車、船、飛機票、旅社房間等)by the book 按規(guī)則,按照慣例wander： vi. 漫步/閑逛；迷路/迷失方向；離題。 常跟across, through, around, about, from等介詞連用。

　　wander across or through漫步穿過wander through the woods徘徊蜿蜒于林中wander toward town漫步走向城市wander about/over the world漫游世界wander from the subject/point離題讓自己的思想開小差。His mind is wandering.他心不在焉。Don't let your mind wander during the lecture.在上課時不要The children wandered in the woods. 孩子們在樹林里漫步。

　　She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road. 她在路上漫無目的地來回溜達。

　　The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do. 那些男孩無所事事，在鎮(zhèn)上到處閑逛。

　　Be careful not to wander from the subject. 注意不要偏離正題。

　　The river wanders through some beautiful villages.

　　這條河蜿蜒曲折地流經(jīng)一些風景秀麗的鄉(xiāng)村。

　　7、consist of由…組成構(gòu)成()。無被動語態(tài)或進行時態(tài)。

　　The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations. 聯(lián)合國組織由一百六十多個國家組成。

　　Our class consists of 50 students.＝Our class is made up of 50 students. 我們班是由50個學生組成的。

　　Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own. 幸福不在于你擁有多少私人財產(chǎn)。

　　The report does not consist with the fact. 那報道與事實不合。

　　辨析：consist of，make up，be made up of

　　consist of ＝be made up of：由…組成，不用于被動語態(tài)。 相當于include的意思。

　　make up：組成……，占(比例)。為主動形式，表示“部分組成一個整體”的意思。

　　This club consists of more than 200 members.

　　這個俱樂部有200多位會員。

　　＝This club is made up of more than 200 members. ＝More than 200 members make up this club.

　　8、relaxing： adj. 令人放松的Calypso is great－it’s exciting and relaxing at the same time!卡呂普索太棒了—它能讓你既興奮又放松！

　　The sunlight above the beach in spring is relaxing.春天沙灘上的陽光讓人懶洋洋的。

　　We spent a relaxing evening together.I find fishing is relaxing and it takes my mind off my work. 覺得釣魚是一種休息,可使注意力從工

　　反義詞intense 緊張的strained緊張的

　　relaxed adj. (人感到)放松/輕松/自在/無拘無束的；舒適的。 指人自身放松的,不緊張的,主語是人。He looks relaxed about the serious matter. 對于這個嚴重的事情，他看起來很輕松。

　　It’s a relaxing journey.

　　I feel relaxed after the exam.

　　relax： v. (使)放松。

　　relaxation：n. 放松；消遣。

　　A holiday will help you relax after your exams.考試之后放個假有助于緩解緊張情緒。

　　These pills will relax you and make you sleep.這些藥丸對你有鎮(zhèn)靜和催眠的作用。

　　Fishing is my favourite relaxation. 我最喜歡的消遣是釣魚。

　　9、mark：vt. 標志(著)。 后接名詞(短語)作賓語，相當于make known或show。

　　This marked the beginning of the slave trade. 這標志著奴隸貿(mào)易的開始。

　　進步。

　　His new film marked a major advance in cinematic techniques. 他的新電影標志著電影技術(shù)的巨大

　　mark：vt. 標記/標上，在…留記號”。 mark...on.../ be marked with 用...標記...；給...打分；表明。

　　Mark the place on the map.在地圖上標那地。Mark the furs with their place of origin.

　　Prices are marked on the goods在商品上標.價。a muddy road marked with footprints留有足跡的泥路I have twenty essays to mark tonight. 今晚我有二十篇文章要評閱/批改。

　　鐘, 時針指向2點。A smile marked her happiness.笑容表明了她的幸福。 He looked at the clock. It marked two.他看了看

　　markput a mark做記號a man of mark有影響的人 著名的人

　　Who made these dirty marks on my new book?Put a question mark at the end of that sentence. 在那個句末劃一個問號。

　　Good manners are the mark of a civilized person.He got a mark of 95 instead of 100. 他得了95分，而不是100分。

　　10、import：vt. 進口反義詞 export The country has to import most of its raw materials.這個國家大部分原料須進口。

　　辨析import：“進口,引進”，著重指從國外帶進或從一個領(lǐng)域進入另一個領(lǐng)域；introduce：“引進、推廣”, 側(cè)重指面向市場或民眾, 把物體推廣、普及。

　　The country large amount of rice from China every year.

　　They have introduced a new species to Aferica.

　　11、abolish：vt.廢止廢除(法律制度習俗等)et rid of; do away with。猶指消除長期存在的風俗習慣等,abolish slavery 廢除奴隸制Bad customs should be abolished. 壞的風俗應當廢除。

　　Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. 亞伯拉罕·林肯在美國廢除了奴隸制。

　　These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible. 這些迷信做法應盡早取消。

　　celebration： n. C 慶典，慶祝。表示對某一事件、節(jié)日的慶賀。

　　In fact, there aren’t any spectators/looker-on—everybody who is here is part of the celebrations.

　　事實上，沒有任何旁觀者——這里的每個人都是慶祝活動的一部分。

　　His birthday celebration went on all day. 他的生日慶祝活動持續(xù)了一整天。

　　We held a celebration yesterday. 昨天我們舉行了一場慶典。

　　拓展： in celebration of 為慶祝…

　　六十周年，舉辦了盛大的晚會。

　　A grand party was held in celebration of the 60th anniversary of our motherland. 為慶祝祖國成立

　　celebrate： v. 慶祝

　　Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago. 兩天前湯姆慶祝了他24歲生日。

　　辨析：celebrate，congratulate

　　celebrate：指以行動來慶祝生日、節(jié)日等，一般指祝賀某件事情。

　　congratulate：指對個人經(jīng)努力獲得成功的祝賀，以言語表達祝賀之意，對象為人。congratulate sb.(on sth.)。

　　Li Ming held a party to celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University, and his friends congratulated him on it. 李明舉行了一個聚會慶祝被清華大學錄取，他的朋友們都祝賀他。

　　We celebrated his birthday with a party.

　　我們舉行宴會來慶祝他的生日。

　　She congratulated him on his success. 她祝賀他獲得成功。

　　13、origin： n. 起源/起點來源出身血統(tǒng)the origins of civilization 文明的起源

　　be of noblehumble origin出身高貴微賤Many words in the English language are French in origin. 英語中的許多詞源于法語。

　　What's the origin of your anxiety? 你焦慮的根源是什么?

　　He is considered to be of noble origins. 人們都認為他出身高貴。He is a German by origin. 他原籍德國是德國血統(tǒng)。

　　originate vt. 創(chuàng)始創(chuàng)辦發(fā)產(chǎn)發(fā)生發(fā)起引起They originated the plan. 他們首先提出這一計劃originate from/in sth.由某事產(chǎn)生引起originate from/with 由某人發(fā)起首創(chuàng)

　　The film originated in/from a short story. 這部電影取材于一篇短篇小說。

　　The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 爭吵是由于誤解而引起的。

　　Coal of all kinds originated from the decay of plants. 各種煤都是由植物的朽爛形成的。All theories originate from/in practice and in turn serve practice.理論源于實踐,反過來又為實踐服務。

　　The optic theory originated with Einstein. 光學理論是愛因斯坦首創(chuàng)的。

　　The idea originated with her.這主意是她最先想出來的。