2024英語必考點逐個擊破快速提分：考點妙解18 名詞
典型例題
縱觀近幾年全國、上海、北京等地的高考試題，對名詞的考查往往涉及名詞作定語(如：He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名詞具體化(如： WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!)，區分可數名詞和不可數名詞，根據句意選擇適當的名詞，某個名詞在不同場合下的具體意義和一些名詞構成的固定搭配。
一般來說名詞主要考查：
1．可數名詞復數構成的規則及不規則變化。
2．可數名詞和不可數名詞的判斷與用法——對比。
3．名詞的所有格，包括’s所有格，…of…所有格和雙重所有格的用法。
4．名詞作定語和名詞構成的習語及用法等。
5．名詞的詞義辨析。
應試同分瓶頸
縱觀歷年來高考對名詞的考查，主要體現為一個“活”字。因此要求考生平時加強關于名詞基礎知識的學習，如：名詞的數、名詞的所有格、主謂一致及一些有關名詞的固定搭配。通過對比、歸納、總結等方法，記憶、理解部分知識，并將名詞常考知識點梳理清楚。另外在做題時靈活使用所學的基礎知識，把握重點、難點，認真審題，依據具體的語境進行分析判斷。
近幾年的高考題對名詞的考查一般集中在名詞的辨析上。所以在學習中要注意名詞在特定語境中的正確使用和細微差別，另外還要注意名詞和動詞的搭配用法。抽象名詞的具體化也應該引起重視。surprise不可數表示“驚奇”，可數為“令人驚奇的事情”；shame不可數為“羞愧”，可數為“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外還有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。
◎命題點1
名詞的數
◎命題點2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語
命題點1
名詞的數
本類考題解答錦囊
名詞有數的區分。在英語中名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞有單復數形式，不可數名詞沒有復數形式。有些名詞既可以是可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞，但所表達的意義不同。我們在應試時要考慮以下幾點：
1．名詞的可數性及其易錯點。
一般來說，個體名詞和大部分集合名詞是可數的，而專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞以及小部分集合名詞則通常是不可數的。但是這種區分只是大致的，并不是絕對的。英語中有些名詞往往既可以是可數的也可以是不可數的。
A：Would you like a cake?要吃塊蛋糕嗎?
B：NO，Idon't like cake.不吃，我不喜歡吃蛋糕。
以上第一句用acake，這是把cake視為一塊一塊的“蛋糕”，所以它是可數的；而第二句只用 cake，這是把它當作物質名詞看待，所以它成了不可數名詞。
抽象名詞是表示事物性質、行為、狀態、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可數的。但是，有時抽象名詞也可轉化為具體名詞(可數)，表示具有某種性質的人或事物：Success成功(不可數)→asuccess成功的人或事(可數)；pleasure愉快(不可數)→apleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可數)。
2．可數與不可數名詞的常用修飾語。
(1)修飾可數名詞的常用修飾語有these，those，few，afew，many，agood(great)many，agreat (good)number of等。
(2)修飾不可數名詞的常用修飾語有this，that，little，a littlt，a bit of ，much，a great deal of， a large amount of等。
Ⅰ高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took__________pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of C. the number of
D. a large amount of
命題目的與解題技巧：此題考查表示“許多”的名詞修飾語。
【解 析】 many，masses of，a number of，a large amount of 都可以表示“許多的”“大量的”。其中，many，a number of修飾可數名詞復數；a large amount of修飾不可數名詞；masses of可用于可數、不可數名詞前。A項多一個of；C項the number of指“……的數量”，與題意不符；D項不能修飾復數名詞pictures.
【答
案】
B
2.(典型例題) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20
pence off_______.
A. a price
B. price
C. the price
D. prices
答案：
3.(典型例題)--Brad was Jane's brotherDo you think she's going to leave?_______The had crossed my mind.
A. matter
B. hope
C. desire
D. thought
答案：
2. She is in a poor_______ of health, which worries her mother much.
A. position
B. situation
C. state
D. condition
答案：
3. How did you like the_______of the interpreter( 口譯員)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?
A. performance
B. achievement
C. material
D. words
答案：
4. Mr. Barrette doesn't think that all bad language should be allowed. In his opinion, there are_______that should be
kept up.
A. degrees
B. levels
C. limits
D. standards
答案：
命題點2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語
本類考題解答錦囊
英語名詞的所有格表示所屬關系，它分’s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。名詞還可以作另外一個名詞的定語。在做此類題時要注意以下幾點：
1．所有格的含義
(1)表示所屬：Tom'scar湯姆的小車
(2)表示類別：awomen's c0llege女子學院
(3)表示動作的執行者或承受者：
theteacher'spraise老師的表揚
children's education兒童教育
2．雙重所有格
雙重所有格構成有(1)名詞+of+名詞所有格。如：afriend。of my father's．(2)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如：some friends of mine.它表示部分概念，。of短語修飾的名詞前通常有表示數詞的限定詞a，an，one，two，some，several,a few,many,any,no等。如：Some friends of my brother’s will come to ioinus．我哥哥的幾個朋友將和我們一起去．
3．名詞作定語
一個名詞作另外一個名詞的定語，如a coffee cup(不能說a coffee's cup)，a shoe shop(不可說a shoe's shop或a shoes shop)．
Ⅰ
高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題) The village is far away from here indeed.
It's_______walk.
A. a four hour
B. a four hour's
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours'
命題目的與解題技巧:該題考查名詞所有格作定語。
【解 析】.所以答案為D.
【答 案】
D
2.(典型例題季卷) It took us quite a long time to get there, It was______ journey.
A. three-hour
B. a three hour
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
答案：
3.(典型例題)The______ is just around the corner and
you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycle's shop
答案：B.
4.(典型例題)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of______, so her mother went to some ______stores.
A. shoes; shoes
B. shoes; shoe
C. shoe; shoes
D. shoe;shoe
答案：
Ⅱ題點經典類型題
1.(典型例題測)If you are not yet______,you are forbidden to visit this site.
A. eighteen years
B. at age of eighteen
C. eighteen-year-old
D. eighteen years of age
命題目的與解題技巧:本題考查名詞作主語。
【解 析】注意年齡的幾種表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 為合成定語形容詞。
【答 案】 D
2.(典型例題測)His behavior at the party last night seemed rather______. Many of us were quite surprised.
A. out of practice
B. out of place
C. out of politeness
D. out of pity
答案：
3(典型例題評)Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture______in China.
A. cost
B. food
C. products
D. production
答案：
4.(典型例題中)Is there a ______for rising prices?
A. way
B. cure
C. medicine
D. method
答案：
5.(典型例題聯)Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their______, some people drink alcohol.
A. temper
B. mood
C. pressures
D. consciousness
答案：
Ⅲ
新高考命題探究
1.It's bad for a man to smoke in the public places
where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior
B. action
C. manner
D. movement
答案：
2.The Chinese are looking forward to the first ______to land on the moon after Yang Liwei's successful trip to space.
A. measure
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
答案：
3.He had a good ______of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face.
A. report
B. thought
C. idea
D. news
答案：
4.The headmaster has got a good education______ so the school is doing well.
A. thought
B. thinking
C. idea
D. sense
答案：
探究性命題綜合測試
考場熱身
1.--What do you thind of the TV play"The Meteor Garden"?
--I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our______.
A. mind
B. point
C. reach
D. sight
答案： of one's reach表示：無法達到的，力所不能及的，無法理解的；out of(one's)sight意為：看不見，在視野之外。
2.--Who did you spend 'ast weekend with?
--______.
A. Palmer's
B. The Palmer
C. The Palmers
D. The Palmer
答案：
3.lf you don't take away all your things from the desk,there won't be enough ______for my stationery.
A. area
B. place
C. room
D. surface
答案：
4.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good
A. sight
B. scene
C. view
D. look
答案：
5.We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
答案：
6.I'm sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasn't my______.
A. idea
B. thought
C. mind
D. intention
答案：
7.--Carry your______ with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.
--OK. Thank you for reminding me.
A. valuables
B. suitcases
C. gifts
D. bags
答案：
8.If the boss wants to fire me, he has to give me two months'______
A. information
B. advice
C. message
D. notice
典型例題
縱觀近幾年全國、上海、北京等地的高考試題，對名詞的考查往往涉及名詞作定語(如：He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名詞具體化(如： WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!)，區分可數名詞和不可數名詞，根據句意選擇適當的名詞，某個名詞在不同場合下的具體意義和一些名詞構成的固定搭配。
一般來說名詞主要考查：
1．可數名詞復數構成的規則及不規則變化。
2．可數名詞和不可數名詞的判斷與用法——對比。
3．名詞的所有格，包括’s所有格，…of…所有格和雙重所有格的用法。
4．名詞作定語和名詞構成的習語及用法等。
5．名詞的詞義辨析。
應試同分瓶頸
縱觀歷年來高考對名詞的考查，主要體現為一個“活”字。因此要求考生平時加強關于名詞基礎知識的學習，如：名詞的數、名詞的所有格、主謂一致及一些有關名詞的固定搭配。通過對比、歸納、總結等方法，記憶、理解部分知識，并將名詞常考知識點梳理清楚。另外在做題時靈活使用所學的基礎知識，把握重點、難點，認真審題，依據具體的語境進行分析判斷。
近幾年的高考題對名詞的考查一般集中在名詞的辨析上。所以在學習中要注意名詞在特定語境中的正確使用和細微差別，另外還要注意名詞和動詞的搭配用法。抽象名詞的具體化也應該引起重視。surprise不可數表示“驚奇”，可數為“令人驚奇的事情”；shame不可數為“羞愧”，可數為“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外還有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。
◎命題點1
名詞的數
◎命題點2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語
命題點1
名詞的數
本類考題解答錦囊
名詞有數的區分。在英語中名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞有單復數形式，不可數名詞沒有復數形式。有些名詞既可以是可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞，但所表達的意義不同。我們在應試時要考慮以下幾點：
1．名詞的可數性及其易錯點。
一般來說，個體名詞和大部分集合名詞是可數的，而專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞以及小部分集合名詞則通常是不可數的。但是這種區分只是大致的，并不是絕對的。英語中有些名詞往往既可以是可數的也可以是不可數的。
A：Would you like a cake?要吃塊蛋糕嗎?
B：NO，Idon't like cake.不吃，我不喜歡吃蛋糕。
以上第一句用acake，這是把cake視為一塊一塊的“蛋糕”，所以它是可數的；而第二句只用 cake，這是把它當作物質名詞看待，所以它成了不可數名詞。
抽象名詞是表示事物性質、行為、狀態、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可數的。但是，有時抽象名詞也可轉化為具體名詞(可數)，表示具有某種性質的人或事物：Success成功(不可數)→asuccess成功的人或事(可數)；pleasure愉快(不可數)→apleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可數)。
2．可數與不可數名詞的常用修飾語。
(1)修飾可數名詞的常用修飾語有these，those，few，afew，many，agood(great)many，agreat (good)number of等。
(2)修飾不可數名詞的常用修飾語有this，that，little，a littlt，a bit of ，much，a great deal of， a large amount of等。
Ⅰ高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took__________pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of C. the number of
D. a large amount of
命題目的與解題技巧：此題考查表示“許多”的名詞修飾語。
【解 析】 many，masses of，a number of，a large amount of 都可以表示“許多的”“大量的”。其中，many，a number of修飾可數名詞復數；a large amount of修飾不可數名詞；masses of可用于可數、不可數名詞前。A項多一個of；C項the number of指“……的數量”，與題意不符；D項不能修飾復數名詞pictures.
【答
案】
B
2.(典型例題) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20
pence off_______.
A. a price
B. price
C. the price
D. prices
答案：
3.(典型例題)--Brad was Jane's brotherDo you think she's going to leave?_______The had crossed my mind.
A. matter
B. hope
C. desire
D. thought
答案：
2. She is in a poor_______ of health, which worries her mother much.
A. position
B. situation
C. state
D. condition
答案：
3. How did you like the_______of the interpreter( 口譯員)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?
A. performance
B. achievement
C. material
D. words
答案：
4. Mr. Barrette doesn't think that all bad language should be allowed. In his opinion, there are_______that should be
kept up.
A. degrees
B. levels
C. limits
D. standards
答案：
命題點2
名詞的所有格及名詞作定語
本類考題解答錦囊
英語名詞的所有格表示所屬關系，它分’s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。名詞還可以作另外一個名詞的定語。在做此類題時要注意以下幾點：
1．所有格的含義
(1)表示所屬：Tom'scar湯姆的小車
(2)表示類別：awomen's c0llege女子學院
(3)表示動作的執行者或承受者：
theteacher'spraise老師的表揚
children's education兒童教育
2．雙重所有格
雙重所有格構成有(1)名詞+of+名詞所有格。如：afriend。of my father's．(2)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如：some friends of mine.它表示部分概念，。of短語修飾的名詞前通常有表示數詞的限定詞a，an，one，two，some，several,a few,many,any,no等。如：Some friends of my brother’s will come to ioinus．我哥哥的幾個朋友將和我們一起去．
3．名詞作定語
一個名詞作另外一個名詞的定語，如a coffee cup(不能說a coffee's cup)，a shoe shop(不可說a shoe's shop或a shoes shop)．
Ⅰ
高考最新熱門題
1.(典型例題) The village is far away from here indeed.
It's_______walk.
A. a four hour
B. a four hour's
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours'
命題目的與解題技巧:該題考查名詞所有格作定語。
【解 析】.所以答案為D.
【答 案】
D
2.(典型例題季卷) It took us quite a long time to get there, It was______ journey.
A. three-hour
B. a three hour
C. a three-hour
D. three hours
答案：
3.(典型例題)The______ is just around the corner and
you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycle's shop
答案：B.
4.(典型例題)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of______, so her mother went to some ______stores.
A. shoes; shoes
B. shoes; shoe
C. shoe; shoes
D. shoe;shoe
答案：
Ⅱ題點經典類型題
1.(典型例題測)If you are not yet______,you are forbidden to visit this site.
A. eighteen years
B. at age of eighteen
C. eighteen-year-old
D. eighteen years of age
命題目的與解題技巧:本題考查名詞作主語。
【解 析】注意年齡的幾種表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 為合成定語形容詞。
【答 案】 D
2.(典型例題測)His behavior at the party last night seemed rather______. Many of us were quite surprised.
A. out of practice
B. out of place
C. out of politeness
D. out of pity
答案：
3(典型例題評)Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture______in China.
A. cost
B. food
C. products
D. production
答案：
4.(典型例題中)Is there a ______for rising prices?
A. way
B. cure
C. medicine
D. method
答案：
5.(典型例題聯)Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their______, some people drink alcohol.
A. temper
B. mood
C. pressures
D. consciousness
答案：
Ⅲ
新高考命題探究
1.It's bad for a man to smoke in the public places
where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior
B. action
C. manner
D. movement
答案：
2.The Chinese are looking forward to the first ______to land on the moon after Yang Liwei's successful trip to space.
A. measure
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
答案：
3.He had a good ______of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face.
A. report
B. thought
C. idea
D. news
答案：
4.The headmaster has got a good education______ so the school is doing well.
A. thought
B. thinking
C. idea
D. sense
答案：
探究性命題綜合測試
考場熱身
1.--What do you thind of the TV play"The Meteor Garden"?
--I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our______.
A. mind
B. point
C. reach
D. sight
答案： of one's reach表示：無法達到的，力所不能及的，無法理解的；out of(one's)sight意為：看不見，在視野之外。
2.--Who did you spend 'ast weekend with?
--______.
A. Palmer's
B. The Palmer
C. The Palmers
D. The Palmer
答案：
3.lf you don't take away all your things from the desk,there won't be enough ______for my stationery.
A. area
B. place
C. room
D. surface
答案：
4.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good
A. sight
B. scene
C. view
D. look
答案：
5.We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
答案：
6.I'm sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasn't my______.
A. idea
B. thought
C. mind
D. intention
答案：
7.--Carry your______ with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.
--OK. Thank you for reminding me.
A. valuables
B. suitcases
C. gifts
D. bags
答案：
8.If the boss wants to fire me, he has to give me two months'______
A. information
B. advice
C. message
D. notice
