Module6

　　Old and New

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1．civil:

　　adj. 民用的，國內的國民間的,公民的平民的民事民法的文明的有教養的

　　civil aviation 民用a civil right 公民權

　　a civil case民事案件civil society 文明社會

　　keep a civil tongue 說文明話

　　2．dam:

　　n. 壩，堤，水閘

　　Three Gorges Dam 三峽大壩

　　3．hydro-electric:

　　adj. 水力發電的

　　hydroelectric (power) station 水電站4．reservoir:

　　n. 水庫a storing reservoir 貯水池

　　The big storms in August refilled the reservoirs. 八月的暴雨又使水庫積滿了水。Enterprise must have a reservoir of cheap labor. 企業應儲備廉價的勞動力5．structure:

　　n. 結構構造建筑物

　　soil structure土壤結構

　　the structure of society 社會結構巖石結構The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.

　　鐵塔是世上最著名建筑物之一。

　　vt. 組織; 安排; 構造; 制定She hoped that more activities like this could be structured. 她希望能組織更多這類活動6．terminal:

　　The car has reached its terminal speed and can run faster no longer. 車速已達極限不能跑更快了。He is in the terminal stage of cancer.

　　他正處于癌癥晚期n. 終點站，候機廳

　　a terminal station 終點站

　　a terminal examination 大考，學期考試

　　a container terminal 集裝箱碼頭

　　7．date:

　　vi. 始于（某一歷史時期）；屬于(某時期)導學P-2

　　His decline dates from last summer. 他身體的衰弱是從去年夏天開始的。

　　This church dates back to 1173. 這座教堂早在1173年就建成了。

　　date from / back to屬于(…時期)；始于…；追溯到…做謂語時常用一般現在時，且無被動語態。

　　This custom dates back several centuries. 這種習慣已經存在幾個世紀了.

　　The castle dates back to the 14th century. 這座城堡從14世紀起就開始有了。

　　This church dates back to1173. 這座教堂始建于1173年。

　　Mr Black is my old friend. Our friendship dates from/back to 1985.

　　布萊克先生是我的老朋友。我們的友誼始于1985年。

　　The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.

　　A. is dated from

　　B. was dated from

　　C. dates from

　　D. dated from

　　Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _____ from hundreds of years ago.

　　A. dated

　　B. to be dating

　　C. dating

　　D. to be dated

　　1) v. 注明日期加日期于…The letter is dated July 20.

　　那封信的日期是7月20日。

　　) n．日期；年代；時代；約會What’s the date today?

　　out of date過時期的，陳舊的to date 到目前為止up to date最新式的，現代的fix/set a date for選定…的日期have/make a date with 和…約會定go out for a date出去約會break/cut a date 失約 keep a date 守約Have you set a date for the wedding？婚禮的日子定下來了嗎？

　　She wears clothes that are right up to date.她穿著最時髦的衣服。8．accommodatevt. 供應，供給；使適應；向…提供；容納；vi.適應導學P-2

　　accommodate sth. to sth.：適合迎合，遷就accommodate sb. for the night： 留某人過夜

　　v. 1) 使適應 accommodate to sth. accommodate oneself to... 使自己適應于…

　　I need accommodate myself to the new schedule. 需要讓自已適應新的作息時間。

　　If you enter a dark room from the outside brightness, your eyes will have to take a while to accommodate to the darkness.

　　如果從外面明亮之處進入一間黑屋，眼睛需要一段時間去適應黑暗。

　　Wherever he goes，he can accommodate himself to new circumstances. 無論走到哪都能適應新環境。

　　2) 容納 hold/seat/contain后面直接加表示數量的詞。如：

　　The hotel can accommodate more than up to 500 guests. 這間旅館可以容納500位以上的旅客。

　　This

　　can accommodate over three thousand people. 這大能容納三千余人。

　　3) 提供食宿，安排住宿; 給…提供方便

　　accommodate sb. with sth.

　　He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.他在國外期間將把給我使用。

　　The government accommodates the people who become homeless in the big earthquake.

　　The bank will accommodate you with a loan.

　　9．construction:

　　n. 建造，建設，建筑be under construction 正在建造中

　　There are two new hotels under construction.

　　有兩家新飯店正在興建。

　　He works in construction.

　　他在建筑行業工作。10．relic:

　　n. 歷史的遺跡；遺物

　　relics of an ancient city 古城遺跡

　　unearthed cultural relics of the Han Dynasty 出土的漢代文物

　　11．site:

　　n. 場所，遺址a construction site 工地

　　a suitable site for a factory 適于工廠的地點

　　a nuclear test site 核試驗場

　　the site of an ancient city 古城遺址

　　12．generate:

　　vt. 發電引起, 導致generate electricity 發電

　　generate excitement 激動

　　generate resentment 導致不滿

　　13．harness:

　　vt. 利用，將自然力變成動力

　　harness a river 治河The Yellow River has been harnessed. 黃河已被治理Scientists have known how to harness the limitless power of the sun

　　利用無窮盡的太陽能

　　14．historical:

　　adj. 歷史的，有關歷史的 導學P

　　a historical event 歷史事件historical materialism 歷史唯物主義

　　a historical personage 歷史人物historic:

　　adj. 歷史的historic spot 歷史This is a historic occasion. 這是具有重大歷史意義的時刻15．narrow:

　　adj. 狹窄的；狹隘的 in a narrow sense 在狹義上narrow majority/victory/defeat 微弱多數/險勝/勉強擊敗have a narrow escape 死里逃生，險些遇險 move in a narrow circle of friends

　　生活在狹小的朋友圈子中The bridge is too narrow for two cars to pass. 這橋太窄, 并排通不過兩輛車。

　　v．(使)變窄narrow down縮小…的范圍The river narrows at this point. 河在這里變窄了。The road narrows here. 路在這兒變窄了The doctor narrows his study. 醫生縮小了他的研究范圍。

　　narrowly adv. 勉強地，差一點兒；狹隘地She narrowly won the first race. 首輪比賽她涉險過關。He narrowly escaped being drowned. 他險些被淹死。

　　16．submerge:

　　vt. 浸入水中，淹沒

　　The flood submerged the town. 洪水淹沒了市鎮。The river overflowed and submerged the farmland. 河水泛濫, 淹沒了農田。The submarine can submerge very quickly. 潛艇能非常迅速地潛入水中。

　　17．global:

　　adj. 全球的全世界的整體的總括的全面的globe? n. 地球世界;球體球狀物;地球儀

　　The earth is a global mass. 地球是一個球形體

　　The global audience 全世界的聽眾（或觀眾）

　　the global sum 總計The crisis here caught the global attention. 這里的危機引起了全世界的注意。

　　18．removevt. 1) 移動，除去，移交；vi. 遷移，搬家導學P

　　remove...from...把…從…移開remove from...to... 從…搬到…remove sb. from one’s position as chairman 撤去某人的主席職務remove the family to the seashore 把家搬到海邊remove the troops to the front 把部隊調往前線remove one’s doubts/fears 消除某人的疑慮/恐懼emove one’s hat /coat 脫帽脫衣remove the causes of disease 消除疾病的根源Kindly remove the dishes. 請把碗盞端走。What do you advise for removing ink from my clothes? 你認為采用何辦法能清除我衣上的墨跡？

　　He removed all the books from the desk before leaving the company. 離開前搬走了桌上所有書。

　　2)

　　vi. 開除,免職be removed from school開除；被勒令退學

　　He was removed from school for playing truant too often. 他因逃學太多被開除了。

　　3）vt. 脫掉；摘掉 = take offI recognized him after he removed his dark glasses. 摘掉墨鏡才認出來。

　　remove/move (1) remove強調完全放棄原地方而到達新位置，有時相當于take away/off。表“遷居”時，二者均可。He removed the mud from his shoes.

　　(2) move強調位置和姿態改變。move in遷新居，move out搬出，move away搬走，move on繼續移動。Will you help me move this table?

　　We are moving/removing from London to the country.

　　19．freezing adj. 冷冰冰的，極冷的的導學Pthe freezing point 冰點freezing cold極冷above/below freezing零度以上/以下

　　What freezing weather!

　　好冷的天氣！

　　It is freezing outside, and put on your winter coat.

　　外面很冷, 穿上你的大衣吧The temperature has dropped to the freezing point.

　　氣溫已降到了冰點。

　　It must be five degrees below freezing today.今天氣溫一定達到了零下五度。freeze/ froze/ frozen： v. 結冰凍住；凍結（資金；賬戶；工資；存款等）

　　freeze (sb.) to death(把某人)凍死

　　be frozen to death被凍死freeze money凍結資金When the temperature is at 0℃, water will freeze.

　　frozen:

　　adj. 冷凍的；冷藏的僵住frozen food/ meat冷凍食物凍肉be frozen to death被凍死

　　Seeing the car accidenthe was frozen with terror. 看到車禍，他嚇呆了。

　　Two men were _____ to death on the mountain because it was _____.

　　A. freezing; freezing

　　B. frozen; freezing

　　C. frozen; frozen

　　D. freezing; frozen

　　20．ridiculous:

　　adj. 荒唐的，可笑的

　　a ridiculous idea 荒謬的（或可笑的）想法

　　21．導學Pfoggy:

　　adj. 有濃霧的

　　a foggy morning 多霧的早晨

　　22．crash:

　　vi. （飛機）失事，墜毀

　　The car crashed into a tree.車子嘩的一聲撞樹上。A wall crashed to the ground.墻轟地坍了下來。

　　The door crashed open. 門砰的一聲開了。

　　Thunder and lightning crashed. 雷電交加。

　　1)n/v相撞；碰撞a car crash

　　air/plane crash空難

　　A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. 一貨車失控，撞上一公汽尾部。

　　2）n/v. 暴跌；破產

　　the 1987 stock market crash

　　1．date from起源于；追溯

　　也可以說date back to /go back to, 常用現在時。

　　The castle dates back to the 14 century.

　　The prosperity of the family dates from the war.

　　Most of the Great Wall dates from Ming Dynasty(13681644).長城的絕大部分可追溯到明朝。

　　短語: down to date ( = up to date ) 直至今日；out of date過時的；不用的；up to date（up-to-date作定語形容詞）新式的；直至目前的。

　　2．hold back = keep back阻止阻擋抑制控制(情緒、情感等)隱瞞；猶豫躊躇hold sb. back from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事His poor education is holding him back.教育阻礙發展She could not hold back her tears when she heard the news.

　　聽到這消息，她忍不住掉下了眼淚。The boss was unable to hold back his anger any more. 老板再也抑制不住怒火了。

　　You are holding something back from me.

　　你有事瞞著我。When dangers come, no one hold back.

　　危險來臨，無人退縮。

　　hold on(打電話時用語)請等一下，不要掛catch/get/grab/seize/take hold of 抓住，握hold to 堅持；遵循hold on to 抓住…；持hold one’s breath

　　屏住呼吸hold out伸出拿提出提供支持hold one's head high 趾高氣揚

　　hold down 壓；

　　hold up舉起；支持；3．come true（希望；夢想等）成為現實實現；達到

　　His dream has come true.他的夢想實現了。 His dream came true that he wanted to be a teacher.

　　Now his dreams come true.

　　We will realize our dreams. 他當老師的夢想變成了現實。

　　【考點】

　　come true由連系動詞come + 形容詞true構成。類似的表達:

　　1）“存在”類: 表存在或具有某種特征或狀態。be(是)，look(看起來)，feel(摸上去)，seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎顯得)，prove(證明是)，smell(聞起來)，taste(嘗起來)，sound(聽起來)等。

　　2）“持續”類: 表某情況或狀態的持續。remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(繼續仍舊)，stand(處于某狀況或情形)

　　3）“變化”類: 表由一種情況或狀態變成另一種情況或狀態。become，turn(變成)，grow，go(變得)等。

　　4．make sense有意義有道理講得通；可理解主語常是物。 make sense中沒有冠詞This sentence doesn’t make sense.這句無意義。What he said just now doesn’t make sense at all.

　　These sentences don’t make sense to meI can’t understand them. 我看這些句不通，看不懂它們。

　　It makes sense to take care of your health. 注意身體健康是明智的。

　　make sense of：了解…的意義，…的意思；懂得make no sense 講不通；無意義

　　in a sense 就某種意義而言；在某種意義上

　　in no sense 絕不是；絕非

　　sense of touch/ hearing/ smell/ taste/sight 觸/聽/嗅/味/視覺

　　common sense 常識a sense of humor /security/direction/fear 幽默感/安全感/方向感/恐懼感There is no sense in doing sth. 做…沒必要/道理There is no sense in punishing him. It’s not his fault.

　　What he said just now makes no sense to me.

　　懲罰他沒有道理，不是他的過錯。＝I make no sense of what he said just now.沒明白他說的。

　　What you say is true in a sense.從某種意義上來講，你說的是真的。come to one’s senses

　　蘇醒清醒過來醒悟過來傻事〔不理智的事〕；

　　We hope she'll come to her senses and correct her mistakes. 希望她能覺悟過來, 改正錯誤。

　　talk sense說得有道理Talk sense！講點有意思的話！

　　5．bring an end to…＝ bring...to an end結束終止，停止make an end of sth; put an end to sth.

　　We must put an end to these abuses. 我們必須除去這些弊端。

　　come to an end結束，完結 carry...through to the end把某事進行到底 make ends meet量入為出；使收支相抵 from beginning to end從頭到尾

　　end to end頭對頭地；首尾相連地