[原創精品]2024屆高三英語二輪復習新題訓練:4、議論文(完形填空)
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四、議論文
(一)
(2009·江蘇高考)
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must __1__ sixty hours of service learning,__2__ they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.__3__ of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.
__4__ a service experience, students must keep a journal(日志)and then write a __5__ about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many __6__ of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think __7__ their own interests and become __8__ of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that
__9__ responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.__10__, students can explore possible careers __11__ service learning. For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
__12__ there are many benefits, opponents (反對者) __13__ problems with the new requirement. First, they __14__ that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend __15__ time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without __16__ goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to __17__ to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.
__18__, I don't believe you should force people to help others—the __19__ to help must come from the heart. I think the best __20__ is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1. A. spend
B. gain
C. complete
D. save
2. A. and
B. or
C. but
D. for
3. A. Subjects
B. Ideas
C. Procedures
D. Examples
4. A. With
B. Before
C . During
D. After
5. A. diary
B. report
C. note
D. notice
6. A. courses
B. benefits
C . challenges
D. features
7. A. beyond
B. about
C. over
D. in
8. A. careful
B. proud
C. tired
D. aware
9. A. possess
B. apply
C. include
D. develop
10. A. Gradually
B. Finally
C . Luckily
D. Hopefully
11. A. through
B. across
C. of
D. on
12. A. So
B. Thus
C . Since
D. While
13. A. deal with
B. look into
C. point out
D. take down
14. A. argue
B. doubt
C. overlook
D. admit
15. A. much
B. full
C. less
D. more
16. A. cost
B. pay
C. care
D. praise
17. A. contribute
B. appeal
C. attend
D. belong
18. A. Therefore
B. Otherwise
C. Besides
D. However
19. A. courage
B. desire
C. emotion
D. spirit
20. A. decision
B. purpose
C. solution
D. result
答案與解析
1.C 從首句得知這是對高中畢業生的要求,所以要完成60小時的服務學習才能獲得畢業證書。spend “花費”;gain “獲得”;complete “完成”;save “節省”。
2.B 沒有學滿60小時的就不能畢業。or“否則”;and “和”;but “但是”;for “原因是……”。
3.D 從cleaning up...,working...tutoring 可看出是舉例列舉學習內容,所以D項正確。subjects “課程”;ideas “想法”,procedures “步驟”,詞義不對。
4.C 寫日志的事情是在學習的過程中所做的,所以用during。
5.B 學生在學習過程中要寫學習報告,所以用report 。diary “日記”;note “便條”;notice “通告”,語境不符。
6.B 本段描寫都是service learning 的好處,故選benefits “利益,好處”。其他選項邏輯錯誤。
7.A 在service learning 的過程中學生們學會了為他人的利益著想,所以用beyond“超出”。
8.D be/become aware of“意識到”,此處意為“他們意識到別人的需求”。
9.C 后面的“responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team”都是real-life skills所包含的內容,所以用include “包括,包含”。possess “擁有”;apply“申請”“應用”;develop “發展”。
10.B 本段列舉了service learning 的多個好處,最后一個用finally 來表示。gradually “逐步地”;luckily “幸運地”;hopefully “滿懷希望地”。
11.A through 意為“通過”。通過“service-learning”學生思維開闊,他們能開發某些職業。
12.D while 意為“與……同時,在……時候”。引導時間狀語從句。指service-learning 有許多有利因素的同時,有可能還有不利的因素。
13.C point out 意為“指出,提出”。贊成者認為通過“service-learning”學生會得到好多鍛煉,并給自身帶來實惠。而反對者提出了不同的看法。deal with 意為“處理”;look into意為“調查”;take down 意為“取下,拿下”。
14.A argue 意為“爭論”。贊成者和反對者就學生上學的原因進行爭論。doubt 意為“懷疑”;overlook 意為“瀏覽”;admit 意為“承認”,在此都不合語境。
15.C less 意為“較少的”。反對者以為學生把時間用在“service-learning”上,必然在主要課程上用的時間就少一些。
16.B pay 意為“報酬”。強迫學生干活而不給報酬違背法律。cost 意為“花費,價值”;care 意為“照顧,照料”;praise 意為“贊揚”。
17.A contribute 意為“貢獻”。作者認為通過“service-learning”,學生可以學到新的技能、開發新的職業,這樣也是對國家作貢獻的一個很偉大的形式或途徑。appeal 意為“呼吁”;attend意為 “參加”;belong 意為“屬于”。
18.D however 意為“然而”。由前后句的句意可以看出,作者在贊成service-learning 的同時,話鋒一轉又提到它的不足之處,前后有轉折的意味,故however 是正確答案。therefore 意為“因此”;otherwise 意為“否則”;besides 意為“況且”。
19.B desire 意為“欲望”;根據句意可知,“幫助別人的欲望”是來自本人的內心。courage 意為“勇氣”;emotion 意為“情感”;spirit 意為“精神”。
20.C solution 意為“解決”。最好的解決方式就是讓學生自己選擇。decision 意為“決定”;purpose 意為“目的”;result 意為“結果”,在此都不合語境。
(二)
(2011·山東濟南模擬)
Children with learning disabilities ( LD )
often
have problems. For many, strong __1__ of anger, shame, sadness, or disappointment can __2__ psychological difficulties such as anxiety,depression or low self-esteem. These problems can be far more than the __3__ challenges themselves.
Several leading experts in the field of LD have offered suggestions on ways to help __4__ children
from
these problems.
To be most effective in supporting __5__, it can help to understand some
primary __6__ for
the
psychological
and emotional challenges they may face.
First, it is not difficult to see __7__ children with LD are at greater risk
for
developing
psychological
difficulties
if
one considers the repeated failure they __8__. Although they make efforts to “try harder” , children with LD may receive little __9__ feedback(反饋). Their academic struggles and failures are often met
with __10__ by
teachers,
peers
and
parents.
Such disapproval can take the form of unpleasant labeling(標簽) of a child __11__ “slow” “lazy” or “dumb”. __12__ developing a sense of pride in their accomplishments,children with LD may __13__ in disappointment and shame. Low self-esteem and a lack of
confidence
only __14__ prevent
learning
and
academic success.
The second reason is the __15__ difficulties they often experience. Research indicates that as many as 75% of kids with LD have such __16__ as making and keeping friends. Children with LD are less __17__ and often rejected by their peers. Teachers and other adults also may __18__ to have negative views of them. Such social rejection can result in __19__ of selfesteem and feelings of loneliness, which, __20__, may lead to psychological difficulties such as anxiety and depression.
1. A. feelings
B. opinions
C. ideas
D. attitudes
2. A. get
B. cause
C. solve
D overcome
3. A. physical
B. mental
C. potential
D. academic
4. A. prevent
B. protect
C. remove
D. separate
5. A. children
B. experts
C. teachers
D. parents
6. A. rules
B. ways
C. reasons
D. directions
7. A. why
B. where
C. which
D. when
8. A. experience
B. practise
C. possess
D. find
9. A. timely
B. hopeful
C. subjective
D. positive
10. A. courage
B. sympathy
C. disapproval
D. respect
11. A. for
B. as
C. with
D. to
12. A. In favor of
B. Instead of
C. Because of
D. In terms of
13. A. work out
B. turn away
C. break off
D. end up
14. A. further
B. hardly
C. even
D. slightly
15. A. social
B. general
C. personal
D. cultural
16. A. mistakes
B. values
C. chances
D. difficulties
17. A. controlled
B. requested
C. admitted
D. accepted
18. A. tend
B. mean
C. prefer
D. pretend
19. A. need
B. pride
C. loss
D. awareness
20. A. in general
B. in particular
C. in total
D. in turn
答案與解析
1.A 憤怒、羞愧、傷心、失望,這些都是“情感”(feelings)而不是“觀點”“想法”“態度”。因此選A項。
2.B 這些強烈的情感會導致焦慮、沮喪等心理障礙,用cause表示“引起,導致”。
3.D 本文談論的是有學習障礙的孩子,因此本題選D項,他們所遇到的心理困難往往比學業方面的挑戰還大。
4.B 這里用protect...from表示“保護”。針對如何保護學生免遭這些問題的困擾,“學習障礙”研究領域的一些權威專家提出了一些建議。
5.A 文章開頭就提出了本文討論的對象:children with LD,因此本空選A項。
6.C 我們首先要弄清楚他們可能要面對的心理和情結方面的困難與挑戰是什么引起的。reason常與for搭配,表示“……的原因,理由”。最后一段第一句中的“The second reason”也有暗示。
7.A 承接上文,作者在此分析原因:首先,假如……那么我們就不難理解為什么有學習障礙的孩子更容易形成心理方面的障礙。這里用why引導賓語從句,表示“為什么”會出現這樣的情況。
8.A 這里用experience表示“經歷,經受”。假如我們考慮一下他們經受的一次次的失敗。
9.D 這些有學習障礙的孩子更努力地學習,但是他們的收效甚微。這里用positive(肯定的,積極的)與前面的否定詞little呼應。
10.C 這里敘述的是他們在學業上面臨的挑戰與困難,由此判斷本題選C項,disapproval“不贊成,非難”:他們的這些努力沒有帶來積極的收效,也不能得到老師、同齡人和父母的肯定。下一句中的“disapproval”也是線索提示。
11.B 從語境看,這里用as與動詞label呼應,表示“當作,作為”,label用作動詞表示“用標簽標明,(用稱呼或綽號不公正地)描述,把……稱為”:對這些孩子的努力所作出的責難,就是稱這些孩子“遲鈍、懶惰、愚蠢”。
12.B 這樣一來,這些有學習障礙的孩子靠自己的成就換來的不是驕傲,而是失望和羞愧。instead of“代替,而不是”,符合語境。in favor of“贊成,支持”;because of“因為,由于”;in terms of“依據,從……方面來說”,都不符合語境。
13.D 句意參見12題解析。end up“以……結束”,符合語境。work out“計算出,鍛煉”;turn away“拒絕(某人)進入,轉過臉去”;break off“中斷,突然停止”。
14.A 這樣一來,孩子就會自尊心很弱,缺乏自信,這會進一步阻礙他們的學習。further“進一步地”。
15.A 下文提到這些孩子在結交朋友和維持友誼方面的情況,由此判斷選A項,表示“社交的,交際的”。
16.D 全文探討的是有學習障礙的孩子遭遇的各種困難,前面一句說他們所經歷的困難,由此判斷選D項。
17.D 前面說這些孩子很難結交朋友和維持友誼,下文說他們受到同齡人的排斥,因此本題選D項,很難被他人“接受”。
18.A 這里用tend to do sth. 表示“往往傾向于做某事,易于做某事”。老師和其他成年人往往對他們的評價也不好。
19.C 這樣就會使他們喪失自尊,覺得孤獨。loss“喪失”。
20.D 從語境的連貫看,這里用in turn表示“轉而”。而這樣的情況轉而又使他們產生焦慮、沮喪等心理方面的問題。
(三)
(2011·福建廈門質檢)
A loving person lives in a loving world. A hostile(敵意的)person lives in a hostile world. Everyone you meet is your mirror.