江蘇常州市2024高考英語閱讀理解二輪訓練（3）及答案【含短文語法填空講解】

　　高考英語語法填空考前精講精練（答案）

　　短文填詞專項解讀

　　2009年以來，高考英語(福建卷)第二卷第四部分“寫作”的第一節為“短文填詞”，共設10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分，要求考生閱讀一篇短文并根據漢語提示、首字母提示或語境提示，在每個空格內填入一個適當的英語單詞，并將該詞完整地寫在右邊相對應的橫線上，所填單詞要求意義準確、拼寫正確。

　　盡管考生在備考的過程中做了大量的短文填詞練習，然而從近五年的高考實踐看，考生這一部分的得分率偏低。那么在復習過程中，如何備考才能提高得分呢？筆者愿以近五年引導學生備考的做法及感悟，與大家分享。

　　一、再現真題，感悟考點。

　　(一) 請完成以下三篇短文填詞。

　　(1) 2024(福建卷)短文填詞

　　Every individual is a member of a group called the community, and it

　　is the duty of every citizen

　　ask what he can do for his community.

　　76.

　　A good citizen

　　(相信) that he should serve the

　　77.

　　community and not the community serve h

　　. As students,

　　78.

　　there are many ways in

　　you can serve the community.

　　79.

　　Above all, however, you have to acquire a certain amount of

　　skill and experience b

　　you can be of service to others.

　　80.

　　Your school has lots of

　　(活動) which prepare you

　　81.

　　good

　　citizenship. Many school societies train students

　　82.

　　to become good citizens who later p

　　in volunteer work

　　83.

　　and serve the public in t

　　of need. If you serve your community,

　　84.

　　you will grow

　　to be a good citizen with a strong sense of

　　85.

　　responsibility.

　　(2) 2024(福建卷)短文填詞

　　People often don’t do what they really want to for fear of

　　failure. You don’t apply for a job

　　case you don’t get it.

　　76.

　　You don’t perform at the school concert b

　　others might

　　77.

　　laugh at you. A lack of confidence can l

　　to a lot of

　　78.

　　suffering. The key to o

　　this problem is to believe in

　　79.

　　yourself. This might be

　　(容易) said than done, but there

　　80.

　　are many w

　　to help you do this. Talk about your problem

　　81.

　　with a friend or look

　　advice on the Internet. Imagine

　　82.

　　yourself being

　　(成功) and practice breathing techniques

　　83.

　　to keep you calm when you get nervous. And the

　　important

　　84.

　　thing is: believe you can do it. When you’ve

　　(學會) to do

　　85.

　　that, you are well on your way.

　　(3) 2011(福建卷)短文填詞

　　Sport is necessary for everyone. It helps you keep fit. Fitness is

　　i

　　if you want to be healthy throughout your life. The best

　　76.

　　way to keep fit is to get plenty

　　exercise by doing sport.

　　77.

　　According to

　　(科學家), doing sport can benefit

　　78.

　　people a lot mentally as well as physically. The

　　sport

　　79.

　　they do, the happier they will f

　　. Besides, sport can help

　　80.

　　people develop will and determination. These qualities help people

　　achieve their goals b

　　they will not give up so easily when

　　81.

　　(面對) difficulties. What’s more, sport builds team spirit,

　　82.

　　which is good for the whole society. It helps people work

　　(密切)

　　83.

　　and smoothly and think about

　　, not just themselves.

　　84.

　　In c

　　, sport is good for your health and happiness, and

　　85.

　　for society.

　　(二) 請核對答案并將自己的答案與正確答案備注。

　　題號 2024 2024 2011

　　參考答案 錯誤備注 參考答案 錯誤備注 參考答案 錯誤備注

　　76 to

　　in

　　important

　　77

　　believes

　　because

　　of

　　78

　　him

　　lead

　　scientists

　　79

　　which

　　overcoming

　　more

　　80

　　before

　　easier

　　feel

　　81

　　activities

　　ways

　　because

　　82

　　for

　　for

　　facing

　　83

　　participate

　　successful

　　closely

　　84

　　time

　　most

　　others

　　85

　　up

　　learnt/learned

　　conclusion

　　從備注的錯誤中可以看出，常見的錯誤有：

　　(1) 詞形未變化。如：

　　。

　　(2) 拼寫錯誤。如：

　　。

　　(3) 其他。如：

　　。

　　(三) 2009年至2024年高考(福建卷)短文填詞考點一覽表及簡析。

　　考點 2024 2024 2011 2010 2009

　　動詞 believes,

　　participate lead, overcoming,

　　learned/learnt feel,

　　facing need, give

　　compared, includes,

　　given, benefit

　　名詞 activities,

　　time ways scientists,

　　conclusion toys,

　　peace grammar,

　　beginning

　　代詞 him,which

　　others their ourselves,which

　　形容詞

　　successful,

　　easier important

　　possible

　　副詞 up most more, closely more carefully

　　連詞 before because because when

　　介詞 to, for for, in of besides, on in

　　短文填詞是寫作的一部分，文章的篇幅在120-130個單詞之間，約12行，共設10小題，每小題的答案一般都具有唯一性的特點。短文填詞與書面表達文章難度設定大體一致。

　　從以上表格可以看出，短文填詞重點考查單詞拼寫，語言基礎知識，語篇理解能力和語言表達能力；在考查詞匯的同時也考查學生讀與寫的能力?？忌仨氃诶斫舛涛?內容的基礎上，把握短文主旨大意，運用所學語言知識填空，使短文語篇完整。具體的考點是以實詞(動詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞)為主，兼顧虛詞(介詞、連詞)。

　　(1) 難點在于詞形變化，主要是動詞、名詞及代詞的變化。如，2024年81題的activities。

　　(2) 連詞與三大從句有關，而介詞與習慣搭配有關，均是常考點。如，2024年82題考查了prepare sb. for sth.的習慣搭配。

　　(3) 應特別注意盡管沒有詞形變化，但平時容易拼錯的詞。如， 2011年78題的scientists及85題的conclusion等。

　　(4) 復習備考時多注意常用詞句、固定句型或搭配，甚至諺語的積累。2024年短文填詞中it is the duty of every citizen to ask what he can do for his community這一句是it is the duty of sb. to do sth.的固定搭配。2024年短文填詞中This might be easier said than done這一句是由諺語It is easier said than done改寫的，因此要引起對于諺語的重視。2011年The more sport they do, the happier…與2010 年when it comes to practicing our musical instruments 屬于固定句型。2009年If possible，是固定搭配。

　　(5) 要熟練掌握篇章連接詞。如，2009年Firstly…Then…After that…Lastly…；2010年First of all…Besides that…In addition…Worst of all…及2011年Besides…What’s more,…等。

　　(6) 注意篇章與語境。2024年84題填most是由于之前已經談了幾條建議。

　　(7) 從基礎詞法與句法做出判斷。如，2009年84題填which，因為這是一個非限制性定語從句。2010年77題填need，因為助動詞don’t后面必為動詞原形。2011年80題填feel，因為the happier是形容詞，屬于主系表結構。2024年85題填learnt/learned，因為they’ve=they have, 這里的have是完成時結構中的助動詞，后面必為過去分詞。2024年79題填which, 因為這是一個定語從句.

　　二、2024年短文填詞備考技巧各個擊破。

　　(一) 詞形變化。

　　(1) 動詞

　　1. Scientists discovered the water by h____ a bit of the soil to 835 degrees in the chemistry lab.

　　2. All the cats in the café were ____ (遭遺棄的) cats that were adopted from rescue centers.

　　3. He removed a piece of bread from his pocket and ____ a bite.

　　4. The research p____ in the Journal Neuron last month also proved the point.

　　5. Hundreds of angry people b____ the windows, set fire to the offices and drew graffiti (亂畫) on the walls.

　　6. The government ____ (派遣) hundreds of police officers to guard the local buildings last Saturday.

　　7. A teacher warned that children t____ to look like superstars on TV would end up with unhappiness.

　　8. If a____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.

　　9. As he coughed and choked, he jumped up and down, ____ (喊叫) loudly.

　　10. He said he never understood why people ____ (關注) so much on what he did.

　　11. She began making model planes and ____ (收集) books and magazines about planes when she was a little girl.

　　12. ____ (選擇) a subject is not going to be easy.

　　13. With such unhealthy air quality, some simple ways are ____ (推薦) for you to reduce higher risk of health problems.

　　14. They kept the clothes that they already had, and stopped b____ any more.

　　15. Problems ____ (出現) when our computer and television broke down.

　　Key:

　　1. heating 2. abandoned3. took/had4. published 5. broke 6. sent7. trying8. asked 9. shouting 10. focused

　　11. collecting12. Choosing13. recommended14. buying 15. arose

　　(2) 名詞、形容詞與副詞

　　1. The next time you feel ____ (無聊的), play a game or cards.

　　2. I was enjoying the busy traffic with people rushing in every possible ____ (方向) when we got stuck at a very busy crossroads.

　　3. Are dolphins more i____ than other animals?

　　4. The government wants to make sure that all local schools have ____ (相似的) standards.

　　5. All through the Middle Ages, chickens only laid eggs for part of the year, m____ in the spring.

　　6. With the i____ of pottery (陶器) about 5,000 BC, boiling food gradually became more common.

　　7. If you have any suggestions, please speak to me d____.

　　8. A week without water can e____ kill the average person.

　　9. Just as New York Times says, this is a book with the ____ (有魔力的) power to inspire and comfort its readers.

　　10. I had an ____ (預約) with Dr. Green last Friday.

　　11. My experiment was soon finished, and it made a deep ____ (印象) on me.

　　12. Worry and anxiety can turn into physical and emotional symptoms quickly, e____ for younger age groups.

　　Key:

　　1. bored 2. direction 3. intelligent

　　4. similar

　　5. mainly 6. invention 7. directly 8. easily9. magic 10. appointment

　　11. impression 12. especially

　　(3) 代詞

　　1. Mice who ate nuts made improvements in learning and memory, compared with ____ who didn’t ate nuts.

　　2. This poor little boy who had only one piece of bread shared ____ immediately with the dog.

　　3. I thanked him for his good wishes and wished ____ luck in his future life.

　　4. Since nobody gave her any help, she must have done the research on ____ own.

　　5. We appreciate how important ____ is for parents and kids to spend quality time together.

　　Key:1. those 2. it 3. him 4. her 5. it

　　(二) 常見拼寫錯誤詞匯。

　　1. The captain was visiting the island and wanted to know if the soldiers had any ____ (抱怨).

　　2. A survey found that over half of schoolchildren lacked ____ (信心) because of their body shape.

　　3. Dweck and her colleagues asked 87 college students to describe their ____ (信仰).

　　4. Turkey ____ (宣布) that it had decided to talk with AgustaWestland to produce the helicopter.

　　5. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with p____.

　　6. He spent the rest of his life trying to pay little attention to his ____ (成就).

　　7. As a teenager, he got his driving ____ at the age of 16.

　　8. It seems that the old tradition of children getting a bedtime story before sleeping is ____ (消失) in Britain.

　　9. Parents came up with a v____ of reasons why they did not spend more time with their little ones.

　　10. They have held a singing c____ for children under ten and a 7-year-old girl won first place at last.

　　Key:

　　1. complaint(s) 2. confidence 3. beliefs 4. announced 5. patience

　　6. achievement(s) 7. license 8. disappearing 9. variety 10. competition

　　(三) 簡單句、并列句與復合句。

　　1. Hundreds of students ____ are interested in the program joined the athletes in the streets.

　　2. Read this story, ____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

　　3. The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the test. We were warned not to cheat again, ____ she would see our parents.

　　4. It’s not easy to change habits, ____ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.

　　5. She says that she’ll have to close the shop ____ the business improves.

　　6. ____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

　　7. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ____ they live.

　　8. We have launched another man-made satellite, ____ is announced in today’s newspaper.

　　9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ____ are family members.

　　10. Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　11. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ____ close you may be to victory.

　　12. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.