湖北省2024屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第4模塊 完成句子 專題2 各種從句(課件)
專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
6.After graduation from high school we will reach a point ____________ which university to attend.(decide) 高中畢業(yè)后我們就不得不決定要上哪所大學(xué)。
6.where we have to decide 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
7.It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang __________________________________.(do) 他們正在由張教授負(fù)責(zé)的那個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
7.that they were doing the experiment 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
8.______________, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(report) 正如報(bào)道的那樣,清華大學(xué)已經(jīng)建校一百年了。
8.As is reported 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
9.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students __________________ with each other.(allow) 她有給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造自由交流氛圍的天賦。
9.which allows them to communicate freely 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
10.She showed the visitors around the museum,________ had taken more than three years.(construction) 她帶領(lǐng)游客參觀了那個(gè)花了三年多才建成的博物館。
10.the construction of which 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
11.The school shop,________________(其顧客大多是學(xué)生),is closed for the holidays. (customer)
11.whose customers are mainly students 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of
____________(運(yùn)用它) somewhat differently. (use)
12.which uses it 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
13.When the news came________________(戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)), he decided to serve in the army.(break)
13.that the war broke out 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
14.It is still under discussion________________________(是否替代舊車站)with a modern hotel or not.(replace)
14.whether the old bus station should be replaced 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
15.When reports came to the office __________________(輪船沉沒了), they were not taken seriously.(sink)
15.that the ship had sunk
專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
16.You'd better take a sweater with you ______________ (以防天氣變冷).(get)
16.in case it gets cold(it should get cold) 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
17.After the hostage-taking incident in the Philippines, the Chinese government demanded that the problems________________(被提到的) be paid special attention to. (refer)
17.(that/which had been)referred to 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
18.A number of children
____________________ (父母死去了的) in the earthquake were sent to live with families in other cities.(kill)
18.whose parents had been killed 專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
19.Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor
____________________
(他的研究旨在) improving agriculture. (aim)
19.whose research was aimed at
專題二 │ 新題預(yù)測
20.________(被解雇)by one company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself.(lay)
20.That you are laid off/Being laid off
2024屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件(湖北專用):第4模塊 完成句子 專題2 各種從句 專題導(dǎo)讀 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
這里所說的從句包括名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、表語從句),狀語從句和定語從句。與多項(xiàng)選擇題不同,湖北卷完成句子對從句的考查非常復(fù)雜,它不單純考查連接詞,還涉及謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞的搭配。試題一般不給出連接詞,而是把連接詞也作為考查的測試點(diǎn)之一。因此考查的綜合性強(qiáng),難度也比較大?;仡櫧迥甑母呖荚囶},各種從句的考查幾乎全都涉及。2009年對“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞”的考查、2010年對as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的考查都是很有難度的。答題時(shí)要善于結(jié)合語境和題意,正確判斷各種從句以及相對應(yīng)的連接詞,并能兼顧其他知識綜合考慮,這是至關(guān)重要的。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
定語從句在歷年的高考全國卷及各地卷的單項(xiàng)填空中,都是考查的熱點(diǎn)。
?五年高考已考測試點(diǎn):
?、偻徽Z從句中的虛擬語氣;②主語從句及時(shí)態(tài);③賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序;④狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞及時(shí)態(tài);⑤定語從句中關(guān)系詞的運(yùn)用。
?2024年復(fù)習(xí)備考考點(diǎn)聚焦:
★定語從句
考點(diǎn)(1) 關(guān)系代詞as和which
在非限制性定語從句中,as和which可代替整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。二者的區(qū)別主要在于: 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以在主句前,也可以在主句后,有時(shí)還可以插入句中,常有“正如……,正像……”的意思。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后,常譯為“這”。
②若先行詞有such, the same, so adj.+a/an等修飾時(shí),用as充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等。
考點(diǎn)(2) “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用which。
?、佟敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞修飾,且有時(shí)這些數(shù)詞或代詞也可以放在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”之后。如:
專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.=He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
?、诮樵~+which/whom +to do結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為:介詞+which/whom+定語從句。如:
I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.=I don't have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.
考點(diǎn)(3) 關(guān)系詞whose
whose可以指代人或物,在定語從句中作定語, 后跟名詞。指物時(shí),whose+名詞= the+ 名詞 +of which/= of which the + 名詞。還原為: the +名詞+of +先行詞/先行詞's +名詞。如: 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
The classroom whose door/ the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.(whose在從句中作定語,修飾door,定語從句可還原為:The door of the classroom is broken. )
考點(diǎn)(4) 關(guān)系副詞when/where/why
?、訇P(guān)系副詞的分類和作用:
when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語;when=表示時(shí)間的介詞(in/at/on/during…)+which。
where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,where=表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(in/at/on/under…)+which。
why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語, why=表示原因的介詞(for)+which。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
?、谝詔he way為先行詞的定語從句,若way 在句中表示方式狀語,則由in which或that引導(dǎo),而且通??梢允÷?。如:
The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在從句中充當(dāng)狀語) 注意:The way (which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.( which/that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語)
?、塾袝r(shí)為了表達(dá)更清楚,可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加上介詞to, from等。如:
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
④一些特殊的先行詞如situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析,作主語、賓語和表語用that/which,作狀語用where/when/介詞+which。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
考點(diǎn)(5) 定語從句中的主謂一致
?、訇P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。如: I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
?、趏ne of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 復(fù)數(shù)動詞;而the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 單數(shù)動詞。如:
Harry Potter is one of the best-sellers that are popular with teenagers.
Harry Potter is the only one of the best-sellers that makes the author a billionaire.
專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
★名詞性從句
考點(diǎn)(1) 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1. 常見的連接詞如下:
?、?that。that從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句,that 不能省略,沒有具體的漢語意思,不充當(dāng)句子成分。
② whether。whether從句來源于一般疑問句,whether不能省略,意為“是否”。
注意:if 只可以連接動詞(discuss除外)后的賓語從句。即:確定意思是“是否”的前提下,名詞性從句的連接詞優(yōu)先選用whether。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
③特殊疑問詞。特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句來源于特殊疑問句,特殊疑問詞不能省略,意思為特殊疑問詞本來的意思,在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。
2.名詞性從句中難點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)的連接詞:
?、?where 可表示抽象意義,“……的地方,……點(diǎn)”;when 可表示“……的時(shí)候”。
?、?what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),可視上下文理解為the +名詞+that…如:what=the thing that/anything that…;what=the place that…;what=the time that…;what=the person that… 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
固定句型:A is to B what C is to D
小結(jié):名詞性從句不完整時(shí),如缺主語、賓語、表語時(shí),用what引導(dǎo)。
?、踳hoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),whoever=anybody who…
whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),whatever=anything that…
whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),whichever=any+名詞+that…
Whoever (=Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished. 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
考點(diǎn)(2) 名詞性從句中的語氣
?、僭贗t is necessary/natural/important/strange…+that從句中,從句中的謂語動詞用“should+原形動詞”表虛擬語氣,且should可省略。
?、诒硎尽敖ㄗh、命令、要求”意義的動詞,后接that從句時(shí),從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,即“should+原形動詞”,且should可省略。
③表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞,后接that從句時(shí),從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,即“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。這類名詞有:advice,agreement,command,decision,demand, determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement等。
專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
考點(diǎn)(3) 名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)
主句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去的某一時(shí)態(tài);主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)視具體情況而定。
考點(diǎn)(4) 形式主語和形式賓語it
主語從句作句子主語,為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免頭重腳輕,用it 作形式主語;同理,賓語從句作賓語,為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免句子中間臃腫,用it 作形式賓語,使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主語從句或賓語從句則放在句子的最后面。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
考點(diǎn)(5) 引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別
what既有引導(dǎo)主語從句的作用,同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等),這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that等,常譯成“所……的(東西、事情、話等)”;而that只起連接作用,本身無實(shí)際意義,在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,但that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時(shí),不能省略that。如:
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
★ 狀語從句
考點(diǎn)(1) 狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
高考主要考查時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來及一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)的用法。
考點(diǎn)(2) 狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)
高考主要考查結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜、特殊的狀語從句,如no matter+疑問詞,whatever,however,as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;“the+比較級,the+比較級”中的比較狀語從句等。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
考點(diǎn)(3) 狀語從句的省略
在時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中,常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞it以及be動詞,保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等成分。如果從句中有“it is+形容詞”,也可以省略it is。
考點(diǎn)(4) 從屬連詞的選擇和辨析
高考重點(diǎn)考查引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞,如引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的immediately,the moment,every time,once;引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的as long as;引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的now that,since;引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的even if,even though;引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的in case,in order that等。 專題二 │專題導(dǎo)讀
考點(diǎn)(5) where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句
where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句和where引導(dǎo)的定語從句、表語從句以及賓語從句的區(qū)別。如:
①The flower grows best where it often rains.這種花在經(jīng)常下雨的地方長得最好。(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)
②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.這種花在經(jīng)常下雨的地方長得最好。(定語從句) 真題典例 專題二 │真題典例 1.[2011·湖北卷] ________________(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight) 1.What delighted the fans 考查主語從句和動詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句是主語從句,句子缺少主語,所以選擇what。由此可知答案為What delighted the fans。 專題二 │真題典例 2.[2011·湖北卷] Be careful! The machine starts ________________(你一按)the button. (moment) 2.the moment you press 考查狀語從句和動詞時(shí)態(tài)。the moment意為“一……就”,是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法,據(jù)此可知答案是the moment you press。本題還間接考查從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
專題二 │真題典例 3.[2010·湖北卷]
________________(正如我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress) 3.a(chǎn)s we have stressed 考查非限定性定語從句。當(dāng)句子以整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,又放在主句前的非限定性定語從句只能由 “as”來引導(dǎo),主句的內(nèi)容作定語從句謂語動詞的賓語,再根據(jù)many times 可知答案為as we have stressed。 專題二 │真題典例 4.[2010·湖北卷] My mother was so proud of all ________________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) 4.that I had done 考查定語從句。先行詞是 “all”的時(shí)候,定語從句只能由 “that”引導(dǎo),又因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^去時(shí),“我”所做的事情是過去已經(jīng)完成的事情,所以要用過去完成時(shí),由此可知答案為that I had done。 專題二 │真題典例 5.[2010·湖北卷]
The news ________________(房價(jià)將要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall) 5.that the housing price will fall 考查同位語從句。用 “that” 引導(dǎo)同位語從句,“房價(jià)”譯成 “housing price”。由此可知答案為that the housing price will fall。 專題二 │真題典例 6.[2009·湖北卷] Such knowledge is still useful ____________(當(dāng)應(yīng)用) to similar situations in other countries. (when) 6.when (it is) applied 考查狀語從句。從題干的搭配看,“應(yīng)用”要表達(dá)為apply A to B;當(dāng)狀語從句的主、從句主語一致時(shí),可用完整的狀語從句或“連詞+非謂語動詞”來表達(dá), 由此可知答案為when (it is) applied。 專題二 │真題典例 7.Learning strategies, to ________________ (老師們認(rèn)為) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)