2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案資料（一百一十八）
2024屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案資料（一百一十八）
基礎(chǔ)詞匯強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.Tom stood up and _________（背誦）a speech from Hamlet to the class.
2.The old man lives alone and suffers from _________(寂寞)
3.They tried their best to win the match for the __________（榮譽(yù)）
4.These sentences all have the same grammatical __________（模式）
5.It was ___________(特別) that he refused our request.
6.The Rome coin is in his ___________（收藏）。
7.His former employer __________(推薦) him warmly.
8.He __________(捐出) a large sum to the Hope Project.
9.More than any other form of ________（文學(xué)），poetry plays with words, sounds and grammar.
10.They talked with each other in an unfriendly ___________(氣氛)。
1.recited
2.loneliness
3.glory
4.pattern
5.extraodinary
6.collection
7.recommended
8.contributed
9.literature
10.atmosphere
書面表達(dá)經(jīng)典句式強(qiáng)化記憶
34. What deeply impressed me was that……
What deeply impressed me was that my students had made great progress in English
in recent months.
給我印象最深的是我的學(xué)生最近幾個月在英語上的很大進(jìn)步。
Impress sb with sth= impress sth on sb
The girl impressed the interviewer with her liveliness and sense of humor.
The girl impressed her liveliness and sense of humor.on the interviewer
姑娘又活潑又富有幽默感，給面試官留下了深刻印象。
Sth impress sb
The sights of Shanghai never fail to impress foreign tourists.
外國游客無一不對上海留有深刻的印象。
35. What surprised /delighted / disappointed him most was that….. / was sth
What surprised us most was that the little boy was able to work out such a difficult math problem.
讓我們最吃驚的是這個小男孩解出了如此難的一道數(shù)學(xué)題。
What delighted her parents most was her wonderful performance in the English evening .
使她父母最高興的是她在英語晚會上的精彩表演。
36. No matter who / what / when / where / how (may) do……, + 主句
No matter what people say in their dreams, it is the reflection of their subconscious mind,
無論人們在夢中說了什么都是他們潛意識的反映。
No matter who breaks laws, he or she will be punished by law.
無論誰違法，他或她將受到法律的懲罰。
書面表達(dá)經(jīng)典朗讀素材
A Traveler in Italy-我在意大利的一次經(jīng)歷An English man was once traveling in Italy. One day he went into a small restaurant to order dinner. He understood very little Italian and was unable to read the menu (菜單) . He knew the word egg, and so he ordered eggs. Italy is famous, however, for its mushrooms (蘑菇) ,and the man wanted to try some mushrooms. The waiter did not speak a word of English and therefore could not help him. At last, the man took out of his pocket a pencil and a piece of paper. The waiter looked at the picture of the mushroom for a long while. He did not understand very well, but at last he left. He was gone a long time. After about half an hour he returned. But instead of mushrooms, he brought the man a large black umbrella.
經(jīng)典諺語積累
The pot calls the kettle black.
五十步笑百步。自《2008普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(安徽卷)說明》提出“任務(wù)型閱讀”這一題型至今，該題型不論是從命制還是從解題方法反面，都已經(jīng)逐漸走向成熟。筆者08年高考前兩個月與所有當(dāng)年的高三師生一同經(jīng)歷過心理上的困惑與迷茫，面對“任務(wù)型閱讀”，當(dāng)時的我們沒有任何經(jīng)驗，沒有任何練習(xí)和參考資料可以查閱，硬是憑著一股“在摸索中前進(jìn)的勁頭”，引領(lǐng)學(xué)生參加高考。好在08年高考任務(wù)型閱讀題不算太難，所以學(xué)生得分還不錯。但是隨后的幾年，任務(wù)型閱讀題型難度加大，自我歸納總結(jié)題的比例增加，詞形變換形式多樣等諸多問題難倒了很多學(xué)生，導(dǎo)致任務(wù)型閱讀的得分一直不容樂觀。雖然考試說明對任務(wù)型閱讀的題型做了很大調(diào)整，刪除了比較難把握正確答案的題型，但是很多同學(xué)仍然存在畏難情緒，感到難以把握，導(dǎo)致失分嚴(yán)重。筆者參考了2024年考試說明樣題，對任務(wù)型閱讀進(jìn)行了深度剖析，以便更好地提供解題思路和指導(dǎo)。
一、任務(wù)型閱讀的來源
在閱讀過程中，信息的獲取要靠讀者的“圖式”知識。理解涉及文本和圖式兩方面因素，信息的獲取不僅取決于文本本身，還取決于學(xué)生的背景知識、語體知識和語言解碼能力，運(yùn)用已有知識幫助理解的過程。任務(wù)型閱讀(task-based reading)主要依賴于“形式圖式”的能力，而“內(nèi)容圖式”和“語言圖式”起輔助作用。
二、任務(wù)型閱讀的特點(diǎn)
(1)任務(wù)型閱讀側(cè)重語篇分析，剖析文章的“脈絡(luò)”，即文章的結(jié)構(gòu)或者框架。在閱讀教學(xué)中，“英語語篇”按照文體可分記敘文(narrative)、描述文(description)、議論文(argumentation)、說明文(exposition)。各類文體各有其寫作特點(diǎn)，任務(wù)型閱讀后題目常具備一定的邏輯順序展開。 (2)閱讀材料后題目設(shè)置多樣化，考查學(xué)生多種能力。任務(wù)型閱讀雖然有考查學(xué)生的單詞拼寫能力，但是和“單詞拼寫”以及“對話填空”有著本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。任務(wù)型閱讀考的是語篇分析能力，對學(xué)生能力的考查更全面，要求也更高，包括考查學(xué)生的思維能力、分析能力、詞匯能力以及其他的語言深層挖掘能力等。
(3)閱讀題目設(shè)置有梯度，答題要求簡練和規(guī)范。任務(wù)型閱讀題目設(shè)置旨在圍繞不同的閱讀技能和語言應(yīng)用而展開，涉及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、詞語釋義、同意替換、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、歸納演繹、結(jié)構(gòu)分析、細(xì)節(jié)理解等。任務(wù)型在表達(dá)部分也暗含有一些要求，諸如大小寫、答題的一致性及詞性等等，這些隱性的規(guī)范需要學(xué)生自己去揣摩。
三、任務(wù)型閱讀的解題步驟：
總體來說，任務(wù)型閱讀的解題步驟大致可以歸納為 “略讀”→“比較” →“對應(yīng)”→“理解” →“解題”→“復(fù)核”等六步戰(zhàn)略。
??? 第一步：“略讀”?？焖贋g覽短文每段首句，了解文章大意是解題的第一環(huán)，也是關(guān)鍵的一步。只有文章大意，才能順利地在表格中填出相關(guān)的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小標(biāo)題，要特別注意小標(biāo)題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了標(biāo)題有助于理解短文和表格的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。 ??? 第二步：“比較”。眾所周知，任務(wù)型閱讀的表格是前面短文的簡寫和濃縮。所以了解文章后比較這兩部分，一一搭配，理清表格主體結(jié)構(gòu)與短文的寫作思路和線索結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于加深對篇章內(nèi)容的理解，做到有的放矢。 ??? 第三步：“對應(yīng)”。通過前兩步的知識儲備，可以將是個空格所在的句子與原文對應(yīng)起來，進(jìn)一步摸清出題者的出題思路，做到準(zhǔn)確回歸原文，尤其是占七成的細(xì)節(jié)題?部分。即便是歸納題，通過對應(yīng)原文也能更加準(zhǔn)確了解該填的內(nèi)容。
???? 第四步：“理解”。找到與空格一致的句子正如找到閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題的源頭一樣，只是給解題提供了范圍，如若不能準(zhǔn)確讀懂其含義，便很可能望文生義，從而找錯單詞。只有認(rèn)真理解句意，才能確定答案的關(guān)鍵詞語，或者提煉、轉(zhuǎn)換已得信息，從而確定正確答案。?
第五步：“解題”。單詞或詞組確定后，則需要關(guān)注更加細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容，如：詞和詞組間的合理轉(zhuǎn)換，單詞詞性，所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，單?fù)數(shù)形式，時態(tài)，各種搭配，單詞拼寫，大小寫以及表格中并列部分的內(nèi)容的一致性，如近義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系，句型句式等，避免因簡單的形式錯誤或拼寫錯誤而導(dǎo)致前功盡棄。? ???第六步：“復(fù)核”。在注意語言規(guī)范和書寫工整，形式正確后，有必要將前面的第三、四、五步在復(fù)查一遍，杜絕任何導(dǎo)致失分的隱患。四、例題：
示例l
Traveling on the Information Superhighway
In the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. The World Wide Web was in its infancy（初期）, Back then if you said to someone, ”Send me an e-mail with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look . Technology has come a long way since those days. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.
The Internet is often called the “information superhighway.” That’s because vast amounts of information travel over it. If you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites would give information on these insects. Other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. Still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers.
In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd（精明的）man named Ray Tomlison. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. He isn’t sure, but he thinks his first message was QWERTYUIOP （ the top row of letters on a key-board）. As a result of Tomlinson’s invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed.
Thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in London and find out how his weather experiment is going. E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. Your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. If you are sick and can’t attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. You can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.
However, there is one big disadvantage when you use e-mail. Unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is NOT private. It can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receiver’s computer. Your receiver could also forward it to other people—so be careful. Do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldn’t say in front of crowd!
The internet
The internet offers information to us. The internet enables us to （1）
____
in a new way.
We can （2） ______
information throughout the world, because the internet can connect millions of computers. The internet is often called the
“information superhigh-way”,
because vast amount of information travel over it. Thanks to （3）
______
, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.
It has changed the（4）__
of talking. Through it, we can talk with our students in London about the weather experiment. It has also enables us to exchange information at （5）
speed than traditional communicative methods. Within a short time, it lets us （6）_________
mother person who has internet in （7）
___
. It also helps us to send information without leaving home. （8）______
the advantages, we should be （9）
__
when using it. Because it may not be（10）_____ if someone has access to our receivers’ computer.
【宏觀分析】：該題型主要考查同學(xué)們運(yùn)用skimming和scanning等閱讀技巧，但這其中又要注意答案的表述。這類題型里既有可以在原文中直接找到的詞，也有需要對原文加工提煉的詞，如第4、5、7三空。
【解題思路】：本題主要講述internet兩個功能offer information和communication,文章里有一個段落劃分提示詞in addition to information…我們就可以知道表格第一部分對應(yīng)一二兩段，第二部分對應(yīng)其他段落。首先解決第2空，從表格可知，offer information又分為兩小部分，分別對應(yīng)第一與第二段，所以從第二段末尾可以找到exchange。第1空概括了下列幾個方面，是第二部分的中心句，因此第三段開頭就可以找到。第3空可以在第四段開頭這一句找到原詞，第四題則要根據(jù)這句話與這一空后的介詞of talking來聯(lián)想搭配。第5、6、7三空對應(yīng)于第四段。短語in minute形容速度快（第5題），第6空contact可以找到原詞，第7空是用have sth in common的短語來改寫share your love of…. 第8空對應(yīng)于最后一段，however, there is… 第9空可以找到原詞，第10空則對應(yīng)于最后兩句話it can be received by anyone說明沒有隱私private。
示例2
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York city when a woman and a young boy own at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we
were “depressed” until we were in high school.
The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Children as it once was no longer exists. Why?
Human development is based not only on natural biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new situation. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation（揭示）machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately（不加區(qū)分地），to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
Title: Change in today’s children
Main comparisons Context
Different
?。?）
Children in the past did what they were （2）
to.
Children today （3）
as if they were adults.
Different
?。?）
Children in the past never experienced
（5）
Sometimes sadness （6）
to children nowadays.
Children’s
?。?）
to learn knowledge. Children in the past: in a （8）
and guided process.
Children nowadays: by （9）
TV without control
A phenomenon worth noting
The author’s （10）
to children’s change. He prefers communication through print for children, which can control what children are to learn.
【宏觀分析】：
這類題難度較大，對學(xué)生的基本功要求高。具體的說，在了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，要求熟練運(yùn)用已掌握的詞匯對既得信息進(jìn)行加工，所以本題型難點(diǎn)在于聯(lián)想加工信息。
【解題思路】：
根據(jù)圖表的title可知，文章講述了新舊兩個時代孩子的區(qū)別。
首先解決第3空，根據(jù)第三段behave more like adults,可用behave 或者act，相反過去的孩子只做他們應(yīng)該做的，可以聯(lián)想到be supposed to（第2空），再對這兩行進(jìn)行總結(jié)，可聯(lián)想到different behaviors（第1空）。第5空兩個依據(jù)：第三段I didn’t find out we were depressed與第6空前的sadness可知是depression.第6空要根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)happen to，總結(jié)這兩行,depression和sadness都應(yīng)是情感，所以第4空應(yīng)該用feelings或emotions。第7空根據(jù)后面8、9兩空前的介詞in和by可猜測應(yīng)填ways（方式）。第8空可根據(jù)第五段最后一句，but slowly and in stages可知應(yīng)是gradual.第9空相對應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二段，watching TV.第10空主要根據(jù)其后he prefers communication與第10空后的介詞to可知是作者的attitude。高考考綱詞匯記憶
重點(diǎn)單詞altogether?[??lt??ɡee?(r)] ad. 總共
aluminium?[?lj??m?n??m] n. （化）鋁
always?[???lwe?z] ad. ；；
am/?m/ v. be的人稱形式之一
?。?m./A.M.
n. 午前，
amateur?[??m?t?(r)] a. 業(yè)余愛好的
amaze?[??me?z] v. 驚奇，；
amazing?[??me?z??] a.驚奇,驚嘆的;震驚的
