that 可省略的情況： that不可省略的情況： 主語從句 表語從句 同位語從句 用it做形式賓語的賓語從句 并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的 引導詞that 不能省略 單個賓語從句中的that可省略 1.I don’t think ________ she is coming. 2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake. 3.The reason is _________ he is careless . 4.The news ________ our team won the match

　　inspired us. 5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should

　　read English aloud. 6.He told me __________ his father had died

　　and __________ he had to make a living alone. (that) that that that that (that) that 1.同位語從句的格式：

　　2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：

　　3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用 n.+ 連接詞 + 從句 order, belief, suggestion, advice ,information等 whether, what, when, where 等來引導同位語從句。 fact、idea, news, 1. I

　　have no idea _________ he comes from. 2. He can’t answer the question ________ he

　　got the money. 3.He gave us many suggestions ________ we

　　should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt ________ he will win. 5. I have some doubt ________ he will win. where how that that whether 1.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當一個句子成分，充當從句的賓語成分時可省略。 2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導同位語從句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略. 1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come

　　to China again. 1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of

　　great value. AT AP AP AT He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.

　　名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣, 結(jié)構(gòu)為 should + do, should 可省略

　　a .他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的.

　　He believes _________________________ .

　　b .請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么.

　　Please tell me _________________________. his dream will come true some day what you were doing at this time

　　yesterday 1. 如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語

　　可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài). 他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。

　　He told me ________________________________ .

　　他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。

　　He told me _________________________________.

　　老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。

　　The teacher told us _________________________. he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his hometown for ten years light

　　travels in a straight line. 2. 如果主句謂語是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的

　　某種時態(tài),但從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī)

　　律等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 1.The reason ______ we didn't trust him was ______ he often lied． 2.The reason ____ he gave for his absent was ______ he was ill. reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導, 不能用why 引導, 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導。 在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：

　　why that that that Part A and Part B at page 11 have anything to do with overall health make the most of misuse our senses ignore our sense of touch rather than wear a nightshirt be pleasant to touch sleep deeply give sb. chance to do sth. 與…有任何關(guān)系 全身健康 充分利用 誤用我們的器官 忽視我們的觸覺 而不是/勝過 穿著睡衣 手感好 睡得深 給某人機會做某事 at the North Pole make one’s way to get to my destination walk through the thick snow become worse It is/becomes impossible to do sth. lose sight of continue walking

　　sweat with fear

　　在北極 朝某地走去 到達我的目的地 走過厚厚的積雪 變得更糟

　　做某事不可能 看不見 繼續(xù)跑 害怕得出汗 1.They expressed the hope ___they would come

　　over to China.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. whom

　　D. when 2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom

　　yesterday is true.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. when

　　D. what 3.I have no idea ____he will

　　come back. A. where

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. that 4.The news ___ surprised everybody

　　yesterday now proves to be false.

　　A. that

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. how

　　5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said

　　was right.

　　A. what that

　　B. that which

　　C. that what

　　D. which that 6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what

　　B. whether

　　c. that

　　D. which 7.The question is ____the film is

　　worth seeing.

　　A. if

　　B. what

　　C. whether

　　D. how

　　8.They received orders _____ the work

　　be done at once.

　　A .which

　　B. when

　　C. /

　　D .that 9.The reason ____ I have to go is ____

　　my mother is ill in bed.

　　A .why; why

　　B. why; because

　　C. why ; that

　　D. that; because

　　10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.

　　A. What; why

　　B. Which; how

　　C. That; why

　　D. What; because 11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.

　　A. That

　　B. Whether

　　C. If

　　D. Even if

　　12. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. that 13. I have the information ____.

　　A. of what he’ll come soon

　　B. that he’ll come soon

　　C. of that he’ll come soon

　　D. his coming soon 14. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.

　　--- ____ it made me nearly mad.

　　A. That he broke

　　B. What he broke

　　C. He broke

　　D. His break 15.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.

　　A.how

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. what 16.--- Can I help you?

　　--- Yes, do you know ____?

　　A. when comes the bus

　　B. when will come the bus

　　C. when does the bus come

　　D. when the bus comes 17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.

　　A. that

　　B. if

　　C. what

　　D. that if 18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.

　　A. what; that

　　B. it; that

　　C. what; when

　　D. which; what 1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. how 2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.

　　A. which

　　B. what

　　C. that

　　D. how 3.It ______ Joe drives badly.

　　A. thought that

　　B. thinks that

　　C. is thought that

　　D. is thought that 4.It ______ he is late for class.

　　A. may that

　　B. might that

　　C. may be that

　　D. might be what 5.This is ______ she was born.

　　A. where

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what 6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today.

　　A. that

　　B. what

　　C. which

　　D. when 7.The question is ______ it is worth doing.

　　A. if

　　B. whether

　　C. which

　　D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.

　　A. because

　　B. why

　　C. that

　　D. what 9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.

　　A. what

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. where 10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.

　　A. build

　　B. will build

　　C. be built

　　D. will be built 11.My advice is that he ______ regular house.

　　A. keep

　　B. would keep

　　C. keeps

　　D. kept 12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.

　　A. Who that

　　B. Whoever

　　C. Whom that

　　D. That who 13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. whether 14.We heard the news ______ our team had won.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. where 15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. whether

　　D. if 16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.

　　A. which

　　B. what

　　C. that

　　D. where

　　Thank you Just have a go. Can you choose the best answer to each sentence from 06 NMET? 1. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action. ( 2006 湖南 ) A. which??

　　B. that???????? ?C. what????????? D. whether 2. We haven't settled the question of _______it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 2006江蘇 ） A. if?????????? B. where??????? C. whether??????? D. that 3._______makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（2006遼寧 ） A. What??B. Who???C. Whatever?? D. Whoever

　　B C A 4. See the flags on top of the building? That was______we did this morning. （ 2006全國I ） A. when?????? B. which???????? C. where????????? D. what 5. Please remind me_______he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. （ 2006全國I ） A. where?????? B. when???????? C. how??????????? D. what 6. --- What did your parents think about your decision? --- They always let me do _______ I think I should.? （ 2006全國III ） A. when?? B. that???C. how???? D. what

　　7. One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.(2006上海 ） A. how??? ???B. why??? ?? C. that??? ??D. when

　　D B D C Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences? 1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come

　　to China again. 在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句

　　(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當于 名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、 表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在 句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

　　His job is important. What he does is important. This is his job. This is what he does every day.

　　{

　　{ I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day.

　　{ I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.

　　{

　　1.______ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.

　　A. That

　　B. What

　　C. Why

　　D. If 2. I wonder ____ you will go shopping or stay at home.

　　A. that

　　B. if

　　C. whether

　　D. what 3. This is _____ he was often late for school.

　　A. what

　　B. that

　　C. why

　　D. whether 4. We all know the truth ____ the earth ____ around the sun. A. if; moved

　　B. that; moves

　　C. why; move

　　D. whether; move 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句 At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. What surprised me most was that the old man couldn’t see anything. The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is

　　a pity.

　　Predictive Clause (表語從句) Object Clause (賓語從句) Subject Clause (主語從句) Appositive Clause 同位語從句 Find clauses from the following sentences

　　and tell the functions of them 1 That he will succeed is certain . 2 Whether he will go there is not known . 3

　　What he said is not true . 4

　　Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5 Whoever comes is welcome. 6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.

　　7 When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.

　　“It” is used as empty subject 形式主語 為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 1.It is certain that he will succeed. 2.It is not known whether he will go there. 3.It has not been decided yet when they’ll start the project. It’s likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that… 很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

　　It’s said/ reported that…據(jù)說/據(jù)報道…

　　It seems/appears/happens that…顯然、明顯、

　　碰巧.. It’s been announced/declared that… 已經(jīng)通知/宣布… It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/無疑…

　　It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying（俗話說）that…

　　賓語從句在句中充當賓語成分（ 可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語） They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they will support us . He asked how much I paid for the violin. He made it clear to the public that he did an

　　important and necessary job .

　　I find it necessary that we should do the homework.

　　Tell the function of the following clauses that,

　　whether，if

　　（

　　that 常可省略）

　　who, what, which, whoever, whatever,

　　when

　　where

　　why

　　how

　　當whether后緊跟or/or not時,不用if. I don’t know whether or not I will stay

　　介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

　　I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.

　　1.Whether和if都可以引導賓語從句

　　在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say.

　　由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導

　　的賓語從句中,第二個that 不省略.

　　He told me（ that） he would come

　　and that he would come on time. The question is whether we can rely on him.

　　That’s because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . That’s why I was late .

　　表語從句:在句中充當表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后.

　　作用：對主語進行解釋說明。

　　when / where / why / how / because

　　that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引導表語從句) who / whom / whose / which / what 同位語從句在句中充當同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news 等）后面，對名詞作進一步解釋說明. 同位語從句常用 that