2024年高三高考復習必練教程:動詞及動詞短語(4)
B2U4
2.decrease vi. & vt.(使)變小或變少
4.hunt vt. & vi.5.respond vi.7.contain vt.container n.容器
9.affect vt.10.appreciate vt.11.succeed vi. vt.接替;繼任
12.employ vt.(時間、)
13.harm n. & vt.harmful adj.有害的
14.bite vt. & vi.bit(過去式)→bitten(過去分詞)
15.inspect vt.
1.respond vi.response n. 回答,回復;反應
respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)
respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回應某人(事)
respond to (疾病、)對醫藥有良好反應
response to sb./sth. (對人/物)的回答/回復/反應
in response to 作為對……的反應
[即學即練1](1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.
他們至今仍沒有回我的信。
(2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他對我的建議報以一笑。
(3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.
他的疾病對藥物治療沒有反應。
(4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.
聽到敲門聲后,我媽媽打開了門,但外面一個人都沒有。
responded to//responded
to
with by//respond to//in response to
3.contain vt. 包含;容納(=hold);抑制(=control)
[即學即練3](1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.
他的試卷沒有一點錯誤。
(2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.
橘汁里含有有益于健康的東西。
(3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.
這個瓶子可容納兩杯啤酒。
(4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不勝歡喜。
Contained//contains//contains//contain himself
4.affect vt.影響;感動;(疾病)侵襲
be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感動
be affected by heat/cold 中暑/著涼
be affected with high fever 發高燒
[即學即練4](1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影響莊稼生長。
(2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest.她的一葉肺有些感染,所以她不得不休息。
(3)The audience ____________________ by his speech.
聽眾被他的演講深深打動了。
affects
is
affected
were deeply affected
5.appreciate vt. 欣賞;感激;喜歡
appreciation n. 欣賞;感激
appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人
appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事
one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……,我將不勝感激。
[即學即練5](1)He highly __________________________.
他非常感謝他的幫助。
(2)We shall ___________________________ you again.
我們將很高興再次收到您的來信。
(3)I really ____________________________ to the party.
你能來參加這次聚會我太高興了。
(4)I would ______________________ you could help me.
如果你能幫助我,我將不勝感激。
appreciated
his
help//appreciate
hearing
from//appreciate
your
coming//appreciate
it
if
6.succeed v.成功
success n. [U]成功;成就 [C]成功的人或事
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
succeed in doing sth.
have success in doing sth.
be successful in doing sth.成功做某事
achieve great success 取得巨大的成功
sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事
[即學即練6](1)We all _____________________ the mid-term examination.我們都成功地通過了期中考試。
(2)Failure is the mother of __________.失敗是成功之母。
(3)He was _________________________ as a novelist.
他是非常成功的小說家。
succeeded
in
passing//success//a
success
7.harm vt. & n.損害;危害
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to=do harm to
do sb. harm=do harm to sb.對……有害
There is no harm in doing sth.
=It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.
做某事是個好主意(或沒有壞處)。
[即學即練7](1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’t ______ anyone.這條狗看上去很兇,但它不會傷害任何人。
(2)Fruit juice can ______________________ children’s teeth.
果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。
(3)He may say no, but ___________________________ asking.他可能拒絕,但問一問也無妨。
Harm//be
harmful
to//there
is
no
harm
in
8.die out 滅亡,逐漸消失
die out 絕種,滅絕;熄滅;(風俗、習慣等)逐漸消失
die off(家族、種族等)相繼死亡;(草木)先后枯死
die away(聲音、光線、風等)漸弱,漸息,平息
die down(火、光線、興奮、暴風雨等)漸弱,漸息;(聲音)
靜下來
die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等
die from 指由于外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過度
等而死
[即學即練8](1) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.科學家們說那些植物一個世紀前就絕種了。
(2) Many old customs ___________________________.
許多古老的風俗正逐漸消失。
(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.如果暴風雪不停息,牲畜就要死掉了。
(4)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.
把氣孔打開,火要熄了。
died out//are
dying
out//die
off//dying
down
(5)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于體溫過低。
(6)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.
現在有很多人死于癌癥。
die
from//die
of
10.protect...from/against... 保護……免受……(的傷害)
defend...from/against...保衛……以抵制……
keep sb. from doing
stop sb. (from) doing
prevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做
[即學即練10](1)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold.
幼苗必須被很好地保護以免受凍。
(2)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. 母雞保衛小雞使其免遭貓的襲擊。
(3)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion.
每個人都應當拿起武器保衛我們的國家不受侵犯。
(4)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams.
什么也不能阻止我們實現夢想。
protected from//protected against//defend//stop from
提示:(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似,有時可互換。但是,對于較大的事情,如:敵人的入侵、天災等,常用 protect against, 對于較小的事情常用 protect from。
(2)在 protect...from/against... 結構中,from和 against 后面常跟 sth.,有時 against 后跟 being done 來強調動作的被動性。
(3)主動句中 prevent/stop...from...中的 from 可省略,在被動句中 from不可省略,而 keep...from...中的 from無論是在主動句還是被動句中都不能省略。
11.pay attention to 注意
Attention, please! 請注意! (演講用語)
(=May I have your attention, please?)
attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to 吸引某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 將注意力集中于
devote one's attention to 專心致志于
call one's attention to 喚起某人對……的注意
提示:以上短語中的 to、on都是介詞,其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
[即學即練11](1)She ______________________________ her appearance.她很注重外表。
(2)A great deal of attention has been ______________ protecting the environment.
人們已對保護環境投入很多精力。
paid
much
attention
to//paid
to
12.come into being 出現;形成;產生
bring...into being 使形成;使產生
for the time being 暫時;眼下
[即學即練12](1)We don't know when the universe ________________________.
我們不知道宇宙是何時形成的。
(2)Such a custom ______________________ long ago.
這種風俗很久以前就有了。
came
into
being//came
into
being
提示:come into being是不及物動詞短語,無被動形式,無進行時。類似短語有:come into power 當權
come into effect 生效
come into action 開始行動
come into office 就職
come into sight 看得見
come into use 開始使用
1. contain/include
(1)contain 意為“包含,含有,容納,里面裝有”,指的是包含的全部內容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分。其賓語與主語常是同位關系,不用于進行時態。
(2)include 意為“包含;連……在內,計入,算入,包括”,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分,其后的賓語往往是主語的一部分。常用 “including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”。如:
Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 許多人喜歡網球,也包括我/我也在內。
[應用1] 用 contain和 include的適當形式填空。
(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _____________ a lot of fruit and green vegetables.
(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _____________ old people.
(3)The __________ can __________ 100 litres of water.
Includes//including//container//contain
B2U5
1.roll vt. & vi. (使)搖擺 n.搖晃;卷;卷形物;面包圈
2.pretend vt.3.attach vt. & vi.4.form vt.()組成;形成;構成
5.earn vt.8.perform vt. & vi.performance n.表演;演奏
1.pretend vt. 假裝;假扮
pretend sth. 偽稱某事物(尤用做借口)
pretend to do...假裝做……
pretend to be+n. (adj.) 假裝是……
pretend to be doing...假裝正在做……
pretend to have done... 假裝已做……
pretend that-clause 假裝……
[即學即練1](1)He _______________________ yesterday.
昨天他假裝頭疼。
(2)We mustn't _______________________ what we don't know.我們不應不懂裝懂。
(3)He _______________________________ when he met a bear.當他遇到熊時就裝死。
pretended
a
headache//pretend
to
know//pretended
to
be
dead
2.attach vt. 系;貼;附加;認為有(重要性等)
attached adj. 依戀的,留戀的
attachment n. [C]附件[C,U]依戀;眷戀;深愛
attach sth. to sth. 把某物系到某物上
attach yourself to sb./sth. 參加,和……在一起
attach to sb./sth.與……有聯系,與……有關聯
be attached to sb./sth. 依戀,留戀
[即學即練2](1)She __________ a cheque ____ the order form.她在訂貨單上附了一張支票。
(2)Don't worry—there are no strings _____________.
不用擔心——沒有附加的條件。
(3)She ____________________________ the regular exercise.
她對常規訓練極為重視。
(4)No blame __________________ him for the accident.
這次事故的責任與他無關。
(5)I am deeply _____________________ this novel.
我非常喜歡這部小說。
Attached to//attached//attaches great importance toattaches
to//attached
to
3.form vt. & vi. 形成;組織;養成;培養
n. 形式;表格;形狀,外形;狀況;精神
form(=set up) a club 成立俱樂部
form a good habit 養成好習慣
form the habit of=fall/get into the habit of
養成……的習慣
form an organization 成立一個組織
fill in the form 填表格
in the form of 以……的形式
in/out of form 狀況良好/不佳
[即學即練3](1)The footballer's been ________________.這個足球運動員的狀態不好。
(2)He is ____________ the application ______.
他正在填申請表。
(3)His research ______ the basis of the new book.
他的研究成果是這本新書的基礎。
(4)The teacher ______ the students ______ a line.
老師讓學生排成一行。
out
of
form//filling
in//form//formed//formedinto
4.earn vt. 賺得;掙得;獲得
earn one's living=make a living 謀生
earn one's own living 自食其力
earn money=make money 掙錢
[即學即練4](1)His courage ______________________
of his classmates.
他的勇敢博得了同學們的贊揚。
(2)Do you know how much he ___________ a month?
你知道他一個月賺多少錢嗎?
(3)He _________________________ by teaching at a language school.他在語言學校教書以維持生計。
earned him the admiration//earns//earns his living