如何記住對方的外貌和名字

　　????? 1. Look at the person’s eyes. The face itself, and specifically the eyes, contain the window not just to the soul, but to good face memory. The eyes are a feature of a person least likely to vary over time or under different circumstances. Apart from the aging process, which adds a few wrinkles here and there, people’s eyes don’t really change. By focusing on this nonvarying piece of anatomy, you'll be less tricked by changes in hair length or color, clothing, and even body shape and height. ????? 1. 注視一個人的眼睛。臉尤其是眼睛不僅是一個人心靈的窗口，還是面部記憶的窗口。無論在任何情況下，眼睛是一個人最不可能隨時間變遷而改變的特征。除了會因歲月而留下一些皺紋外，人的眼睛實際上是不會變化的。只要留意這一不變的特征，你很少會被頭發長短與顏色、著裝甚至是體型及身高的等的變化而蒙騙。 ????? 2. Use “deep” processing of information. When you’re trying to learn a word list, for instance, you should not just look at the words, or even think about how they sound. Your best memory will be for those items whose meaning you contemplate. Put those words in a sentence or form your own associations to them, no matter how oddball they may seem. In fact, the more oddball the better. When it comes to faces, this is a trick that memory experts strongly advise. Form associations between a person’s name and that person’s face (particularly the eyes). Think of what the name reminds you of (“Tina” might turn into “tea”), and paste that association onto the person’s face. ????? 2. 信息深加工。例如，在學習單詞表時你不應當只關心單詞本身，甚至還要考慮單詞的發音。你記得最牢的是那些意義與你的期望相符的詞義。盡管可能很古怪，但用這些單詞造句或形成你對他們的獨特聯想卻是一種很好的記憶方法。事實上，方法越古怪越好。涉及到面部記憶時，記憶專家們極力推崇這一方法，在一個人的名字及其面部間形成聯想。首先是聯想一個人的名字給以你的提示（如從“Tina”聯想到“tea”），然后再將該提示對號入座地契合到這個人的外貌。 ????? 3. Find out the names ahead of time, when possible. As the brain scan study showed, people did better at learning names when they saw the names ahead of time. This is very possible to do when you’re going on an interview (assuming you get the schedule first) or to a party where guests have RSVP’d to a public link. It’s no help if you’re meeting someone for the first time with no advance warning, unfortunately. However, since there are many more situations than you might realize that do allow advance prep, you might as well take advantage of this strategy. For example, an instructor should review the list of students on the roster prior to the first class, so at least you’ll have someplace to start. If the class is small enough. As you take attendance, write little notes to yourself next to each student’s name that will give you a unique image for each one. ????? 3. 盡可能提前知道名稱。如腦掃描研究所示，人們對事先看到過的名稱會掌握得更好。這在面試中（假如你提前準備過）或宴會上（假如宴會提供了客人聯系清單）都是可能做到的。不幸的是，對于初次見面的人，采用這樣的方法顯然沒用。不過，有許多場合你可以提前準備，只是自己沒有意識到，因此這種方法還是可行的。例如，老師在上第一堂課前應當看下學生名單，這樣你至少知道了大概情況。如果班級不大，在點名時你就可以依次在每個學生的名字欄加以備注，這樣你就會對每個名稱產生一個獨特的印象。 ????? 4. Really listen when you’re introduced to someone new. So often we’re distracted when we meet a new person, we might not even catch the name at all. If you’re at a large party or other social scene, you might not even hear the name very clearly. Afterwards, it’s too embarrassing to ask it again. If you give yourself an extra second to process that name together with the face, it will increase the odds astronomically that you’ll remember the name and face better. Also, you don’t have to be embarrassed about asking for a person’s name a second time (or even third). This even can enhance your social standing because you’ll look like a person who at least making an effort. If you're lucky, people will have name tags, so add the visual to the auditorycues, and you'll be good to go. ????? 4. 認真聆聽新引見的人的名字。與陌生人見面時我們往往會受到干擾，可能很快就忘了他們的名字。若是在大型宴會或其他社交場合，甚至連他們的名字都難聽清，但要再去問別人的話又很尷尬。只要你抽出片刻時間來處理名字及其對應的面孔，這會大大增加它們的獨特性，你將更好地記住它們。另外，你沒有必要因為兩次（甚至是三次）問別人的名字而感到尷尬，這樣做甚至還有可能提高你的社會地位，因為這讓你看起來至少是一個用心做事的人。有些場合會提供客人的姓名標簽（胸牌或桌牌等），這樣通過“視聽結合”你會很好地記住他們的名字。 ????? 5. Practice the face-name game at home. Practicing celeb’s names is a low-risk way to enhance your face memory skills. As you’re watching your favorite movies or TV shows at home, go ahead and consult a movie or TV data base, which will allow you to work on forming name-face associations with people whose feelings you can’t possibly hurt. You can also diagnose your weaknesses with this simple exercise. Perhaps you’re worse at remembering men’s names, or perhaps you look too much at the changing features of a person’s costumes and disguises. You can even work out a scoring system and track your progress as the weeks go by. ????? 5. 在家練習玩外貌—名稱游戲。要提高你當然外貌記憶技能，拿名人的名字來練習是一種比較可靠的方法。在家看喜歡的電影或電視劇時，查下相關的數據庫可以增強你對有關人物名稱—面部的關聯作用，而且這不會傷到他們的情感。這樣的簡單練習還可以診斷你的缺點。比如，你也許不擅長于記住男士的名稱，或你太過于關注一個人的穿著打扮等變化特征。你甚至可以制定一個計分系統，每隔幾周一次測量你所取得的進步。