溫馨提示： 句型（3）中的相應各問指 長、寬、高、深、重、大小等形容詞的相應名詞。 如：long—length，wide—width，high—height，deep—depth，weighty—weight，large—size.例如： I，ll pay back twice the amount what I borrow from you.我將還給你我所借你錢的兩倍。

　　◆即學即練 A.將下列句子譯成英語。 (1)地球大概是月亮的四十九倍。 ___________________________________  (2)線段A是線段B的兩倍。 ___________________________________

　　答案： （1）The earth is about 49 times bigger than the moon. The earth is about 49 times as big as the moon. The earth is about 49 times the size of the moon. （2）Line A is twice as long as Line B. Line A is twice the length of Line B. ◆詞語拓展 as far as遠達，遠至 as long as長達(還有 “只要”的意思) as many as多達 as tall as高達 as deep as深達 as heavy as重達 as/so far as I，m concerned就我而言 as/so far as I know據我所知 ◆即學即練 B.選用上述詞組完成句子。 （1）John is the tallest boy in the class,_____________ five foot eight according to himself. （2）After supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for _____________an hour，thinking of her young and happy days. （3）—How far apart do they live? —_____________，they live in the same neighbourhood. （4）_____________I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about it. （5）_____________，you can do whatever you like. 答案：B.(1)as tall as

　　(2)as long as

　　(3)As far as I know(4)As long as

　　(5)As far as I，m concerned 5.I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship.(P30) 我高興起來，由于失重，我在太空船艙里飄來飄去。 注意下列句中cheer的意思。 （1）The good news cheered the family.（使高興，歡呼,為……喝彩） （2）See you tomorrow，then cheers.（〈口語〉謝謝，干杯，再見） ◆短語歸納 cheer up

　　高興起來，振奮起來 cheer sb. up (使）充滿歡喜、希望、鼓舞 （1）Let，s go to the playground and cheer for our players. 咱們去操場為我們的隊員加油吧。 （2）Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over! 振作起來！我們的困難很快就會過去的。 寫作步步高 如何寫好名詞性從句(2) 名詞性從句中有一個問題需特別注意:it做形式主語，it做形式賓語。 it做形式主語的常用句型: It is+形容詞+that... It is+過去分詞+that...如： It matters/doesn，t matter + that/whether... 例：It（形式主語） is（系動詞） necessary（表語）

　　that you inform him of the date of the meeting at once（真主語（從句））. It（形式主語）was said（謂語）

　　that he used to be manager of a big company（真主語（從句））. It（形式主語） matters a lot（謂語）

　　whether you can raise enough money for the project（真主語（從句））. it做形式賓語的句型: 主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+形容詞/名詞（賓語補足語）+從句(真賓語) 例:We（主語） consider（謂語）

　　it（形式賓語） a great honour（賓補（名詞））

　　to hold the 2008 Olympic Games（真賓語）. They（主語）

　　found（謂語）

　　it（形式賓語）

　　difficult（賓補（形））

　　to communicate with the local people（真賓語）. ◆活學活用 一、將下列句子譯成英語，然后分析每個句子的結構。 1.很明顯，他在撒謊。 

　　2.據報道，我們隊奪得了金牌。  3.真奇怪，她竟然這么粗魯。  4.我們規定每天練習一個小時的英語口語。 二、用 that，whether/if，what (ever), who (ever)，whom (ever)，whose，which (ever)，when，why，how，where填空。

　　Everyone knew

　　1

　　Andy was a famous writer，but no one knew

　　2

　　she came from and

　　3

　　she was

　　born in 1961 was still a mystery.

　　4

　　they did know was

　　5

　　she was loved by poor people because she always helped

　　6

　　was in need of money. Andy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn，t understand

　　7

　　they were so narrow-minded，but it didn，t matter

　　8

　　others would thought of her. She just wanted to do

　　9

　　she thought was right. I think that is

　　10

　　the meaning of life lies. 答案：一、 1. It （主） was （系）

　　clear/obvious （表） that he was lying to us （主語從句 ）.  2. It （主）

　　was reported （謂）that our team had won the gold medal （主語從句） .  3. It （主） was （系）

　　strange （表） that she should have been so rude （主語從句） . 4. We （主） made （謂）

　　it （形式賓語）a rule （賓語補足語） that we should practise oral English （真賓語從句） for an hour every day. (that 不做成分)  二、 1.that2.where3.whether4.What5.that

　　6.whoever7.why8.what 9.whatever 10.where 祝 您 高考總復習·人教版·英語 Unit 4

　　Astronomy : the science of

　　the stars

　　必修 3 考點要求 Ⅰ.寫出下列必考單詞 1.大氣層n.

　　_____________ 2.乘，增加v.

　　_____________ 3．人造衛星n.

　　_____________ 4.不同，不像prep.

　　_____________ 5.氣候n.

　　_____________ 6.地心引力；重力n.

　　_____________ 7.理論n.

　　_____________ 8.碰撞，墜落v.

　　_____________ 9.宇宙飛船n.

　　_____________ 10.拉力，拖，牽引力n.＆v.

　　_____________ atmosphere multiply satellite unlike climate gravity theory crash spaceship pull 11.基本的，基礎的adj.

　　_____________ 12.鏈子，鎖鏈n.

　　_____________ 13.天文學n.

　　_____________ 14.原子n.

　　_____________ fundamental chain astronomy atom

　　Ⅱ.寫出下列單詞的變化形式 1.系統(n.)_____________；系統的(adj.) _____________ 2.球體，地球(n.)_____________；全球性的(adj.) _____________ 3.猛烈的(adj.)_____________；暴力(n.) _____________；猛烈地(adv.)_____________ 4.生存(v.)_____________；生存(n.) _____________ 5.物理學家(n.)_____________；物理(n.) _____________；身體的(adj.)_____________ physical system systematic globe global violent violence violently exist existence physicist physics 6.生物學(n.)_____________；生物學家(n.) _____________ 7.宗教（n.）_____________；宗教的（adj.）_____________ 8.原子（n.）_____________；原子的（adj.）_____________ biology biologist religion religious atom atomic ◆活學活用 用所給單詞的適當形式填空。 1.The treatment they gave him did him more___________ than good，though the doctor insisted it was ___________. (harm) 2.Air _____________everywhere and its ____________ makes it possible for us to live on. (exist)  3.He is very _____________.For example，the lifting device he made is a _____________ of ropes and pulleys. (system) 4.A _______tour means traveling all around the ________ . (globe) 5.The use of _____________against the attackers led to more __________ clashes. (violently) 6.She was a _____________woman who wouldn，t hurt an ant. (gently) 答案：1.harm； harmless 2.exists；existence 3.systematic，system 4.global；globe 5.violence；violent 6.gentle Ⅲ.翻譯下列必背短語 1.及時，終于

　　_______________ 2.下蛋

　　_______________ 3.高興,振奮

　　_______________ 4.產生，分娩

　　_______________ 5.輪到某人

　　_______________ 6.爆發

　　_______________ 7.阻止

　　_______________ 8.既然

　　_______________ 9.以……為起點

　　_______________ 10.四面八方

　　_______________ in time lay eggs cheer up give birth to in one，s turn break out prevent...from now that begin with in all direction 11.冷卻

　　_______________ 12.掌握……的技巧/訣竅

　　_______________ 13.在表面

　　__________________ 14.密切注視，當心

　　_______________ cool down get the hang of on one，s/the surface

　　watch out ◆活學活用 根據括號中的解釋，用適當的短語完成句子。 1.We got to Washington _____________(sufficiently early so as not to be late) for the cherry blossoms. 2.He _____________(filled with gladness，hope) at the thought of seeing his girl friend again. 3.When you _____________ this new machine，it will help you a lot. (know the skill of) 4._____________!(be on one，s guard; keep looking out for possible trouble) There，s a car coming! 5.SARS _____________ in 2002 and quite a few people died of it. (happen suddenly) 6.Marx，s ideas _____________(produce young) communism. 7.Your prompt action _____________(stop or hinder sb./sth.) a serious accident. 答案：1.in time2.cheered up3.get the hang of 4.Watch out5.broke out6.gave birth to7.prevente multiply

　　exist

　　prevent

　　puzzle

　　block

　　crash

　　cheer float

　　exhaust

　　watch Ⅳ.單元重點動詞 ◆活學活用 用上述動詞的適當形式填空。 1._____________very fast，rabbits soon became the largest family of all the animals in this woods. 2._____________ at the _____________ result，he stood there，not knowing what to do. 3.There is no need _____________ yourself clearing up—we，ll do it ourselves. 4.Does life _____________ on other planets? 5.Many roads _____________after today，s heavy snow，so you，d better not go out. 6.It was reported that a plane _____________ soon after it took off，causing 10 deaths. 答案：1.Multiplying 2.Puzzled；puzzling3.to exhaust 4.exist

　　5.are blocked

　　6.crashed Ⅴ.重點句型 1.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.(P26) 水會對于生命的發展起關鍵作用，這一點在當時并不明顯。 It is/was obvious that...“很明顯……” 剖析：It

　　is

　　adj.that...在本句中，it 是形式主語，that引導的從句作真正的主語。it做形式主語時，后面的真正主語可以由不定式，動名詞或從句充當。如： It is easier to break down friendship than to build up friendship. 破壞友誼比建立友誼要容易。

　　It was amazing that the child could speak English so well. 那個孩子的英語說得如此好真是令人驚異。

　　◆活學活用 模仿造句。 (1)很明顯，我們在這里是非常受歡迎的。 _____________ that we are very welcome here. (2)你現在不方便見我的經理。 __________________________________  (3)對著灑了的牛奶哭泣是沒有用的。 __________________________________  答案：（1）It is obvious （2）It，s not convenient for you to see my manager now. （3）It，s no use crying over spilt milk. 2．This made it possible for life to begin to develop.（P26） 這就使得生命開始進化成為可能。 it作形式賓語的句型是：主語＋動詞＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋不定式/從句或動名詞。 ◆活學活用 模仿造句。 （1） 這使我難以控制自己。 This made _____________ to control myself. （2） 他認為去前線是他的責任。 ____________________________________  (3)我們規定，課內外都講英語。 ____________________________________

　　答案：（1）it hard （2）He considered it his duty to go to the front. （3）We made it a rule to speak English in and out of class. Ⅵ.語篇領悟 根據課文How Life began on the Earth完成下列短文

　　At the very beginning，the earth was just a cloud of

　　(1)

　　(energy) dust. Then the dust combined

　　(2)

　　a ball moving around the sun. After that，it exploded loudly with fire and rock，

　　(3)

　　(produce) water vapour，carbon dioxide and other gases，

　　(4)

　　in the end made the earth，s atmosphere. Then the earth

　　(5)

　　down，and water，one of the earth，s special

　　(6)

　　，appeared and stayed on the earth，which made

　　(7)

　　possible for life to begin

　　(8)

　　(develop). Some small plants

　　(9)

　　(grow) in the water appeared on the earth，s surface，

　　(10)

　　(follow) by land animals,

　　(11)

　　insects，amphibians，reptiles and the 

　　(12)

　　 important animals called dinosaurs until finally dinosaurs disappeared

　　(13)

　　of a sudden and some small clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all

　　(14)

　　the earth and in place of dinosaurs they became

　　(15)

　　most important animals on the planet—that is，human beings. 答案：1.energetic 2.into 3.producing4.which5.cooled 6.qualities7.it

　　8.to develop9.growing 10.followed

　　11.including/like12.most13.all 14.over15.the

　　Ⅶ.考點活用 用本單元所學詞組、句型翻譯下列短文

　　火星上有生命嗎？不知道。 我們能登陸火星嗎？這完全取決于科學技術的發展。人類對火星有了一些了解：火星上沒有氧氣，火星上中午的溫度可能在50度左右,而晚上則在零下100度左右了。這樣我們就不能在那里生活。 既然火星與地球完全不同，如果我們計劃有朝一日去火星的話，我們就要帶上氧氣，食品，衣服和住的地方（shelter）。但可以肯定，人類遲早會登陸火星的。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Is there life on Mars？We don，t know. Can we land on Mars？It all depends on the development of science and technology. Man has known a little about Mars. There is almost no oxygen on Mars. It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night，which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars are quite different from our earth，if we are to go to Mars one day，we should have to take along our own oxygen，food，clothing and shelter. But it is certain that man will land on Mars in time. 自主學習 1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.(P25) 地球猛烈爆炸起火，并噴涌出巖石。 ◆詞語辨析 loud；loudly；aloud （1）loud可用作形容詞、副詞，表“大聲地”，與sing，speak，talk，cry，laugh連用。 （2）loudly 副詞，大聲地，暗含“喧鬧地”意思，與explode，shout連用。  （3）aloud 副詞。意為“出聲地”，與read，think連用。如：read aloud(朗讀)，think aloud(自言自語) ◆即學即練 用loud；loudly；aloud填空。 （1）Sing _____________，please. （2）The bomb exploded _____________ near the hotel. （3）The kids playing on the playground often laugh

　　____________ and long. 答案：（1）louder

　　(2)loudly

　　(3)loud 2.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen，which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.(P26) 他們繁殖起來就使得早期的海洋充滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類及其各種魚類的發育進一步創造了條件。 ◆詞語歸納 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓勵某人做，慫恿某人做 urge sb.to do sth.鼓勵某人做，慫恿某人做 urge sb.into doing sth.鼓勵某人做，慫恿某人做 ◆即學即練 (1）父親總是鼓勵我學好英語。 _____________________________________  （2）老師鼓勵我報名參加演講比賽。 _____________________________________  答案：（1）Father always encouraged me to learn English well. （2）My teacher urged me to enter for the speaking/ speech competition. 3.Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey... (P30) 在啟程以前，李彥平向我解釋說，在我們的航行中會有三次引力的改變。 注意下列句中force的意思。 （1）We forced the door open and arrested the two murderers.（強迫,強行） （2）The force of gravity is really mysterious.（力量） （3）When he was only seventeen，he joined the forces to defend his country.(軍隊) （4）As most men suffered from this strange disease，the majority of the labour forces in this village were women and children.(勞動力) ◆詞語歸納 force open強行打開 by force依靠武力 force sb.to do sth.迫使……做 come into force（法律）實施 force sb.into doing sth.迫使……做 in force大批的 force one，s way 強行前進或進入 force sth.on sb.把……強加于…… ◆即學即練 選用上述詞組完成下列小片段。