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2024屆高考英語二輪復習考點講義:閱讀理解-細節題解題指導

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2024屆高考英語二輪復習考點講義:閱讀理解-細節題解題指導

  16.Most people usually have less money at the end of the month than________at the beginning. A.which is

  B.which was C.they have

  D.it is 第 三 課 時

  Learning about Language

  答案:be tight enough

  答案:be firm with

  1.tight adj.

  1)牢固的,緊的,不松動的

  ①He kept a tight grip on her arm.

  他緊緊握住了她的胳膊。

  ②The screw was so tight that it wouldn't move.

  螺絲釘太緊,擰不開。

  2)緊身的,緊貼的

  ①She was wearing a tight pair of jeans.

  她穿著一條緊身牛仔褲。

  ②The new sweater was a tight fit.

  這件新毛衣很貼身。

  3)拮據的,不寬裕的

  ①We have a very tight budget.

  我們的預算很緊。

  ②The president has a tight schedule today.

  總統今天的日程排滿了。

  4)嚴密的,嚴格的;拉緊的

  ①We need tighter security at the airport.

  我們需要在機場實行更加嚴密的安全措施。

  ②The rope was stretched tight.

  這繩子拉得很緊。

  知識拓展

  tightly adv. 緊緊地,牢牢地

  tighten v. (使)變緊,更加牢固

  活學活用

  完成句子

  繃帶必須系緊,才能止住流血。

  The bandage must________ ________ ________to stop the bleeding.

  2.firm adj.

  1)堅固的,堅硬的

  ①These peaches are still firm.

  這些桃子還很硬。

  ②Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.

  把蛋糕烤到摸來有硬感為止。

  2)堅定的,堅決的

  ①She is a firm favourite with the children.

  孩子們著實喜歡她。

  ②We have no firm evidence to support the case.

  我們沒有確鑿的證據支持這個論點。

  3)牢固的,穩固的

  ①The ladder felt strong and firm.

  梯子感覺很結實穩固。

  ②Stand the fish tank on a firm base.

  把魚缸放在牢固的基座上。

  知識拓展

  firmly adv. 堅定地,堅固地

  ①Keep your eyes firmly fixed on the road ahead.

  密切注視路的前方。

  ②“I can manage”, she said firmly.

  “我應付得了”,她堅定地說。

  活學活用

  完成句子

  你需要對她強硬些,不然她會想控制一切。

  You need to________ ________ ________her, or she'll try to take control.

  省 略

  省略是為了避免重復、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。省略在語言中,尤其在對話中,是一種十分普遍的現象。為了避免重復,句子中某些部分常可省略。句子常可省略的有下列各部分。

  Ⅰ.成分省略

  1.省略主語 (多限于少數現成說法)

  ①Thank you for your help.

  謝謝你的幫助。

  ②See you tomorrow.

  明天見。

  ③(You)Take care!

  當心!

  ④(It)Looks as if it will rain.

  看起來像要下雨。

  2.省略謂語動詞

  1)省略謂語動詞

  ①Some of us study Russian, others (study) English.

  我們有的學俄語,有的學英語。

  ②He got up earlier than I (got up) today.

  他今天起得比我早。

  ③Who (comes) next?

  該誰了?

  ④We'll do the best we can (do).

  我們將盡力而為。

  2)省略系動詞

  ①Ma Lin is a bus-driver,his wife a conductor.

  馬林是位公共汽車司機,他的妻子是售票員。

  ②His face is tanned and his hands big and strong.

  他的臉曬得很黑,他的雙手大而有力。

  ③Gold is more expensive than silver.

  金子比銀子更貴重。

  3.省略表語

  ①He was a lover of sports as he had been (a lover of sports) in his youth.

  他還是像年輕時那樣,是一位運動愛好者。

  ②On the right hand of Tian'anmen Square stands the Great Hall of the People,and on the left(stands)the Museum of Chinese history.

  天安門廣場的右邊是人民大會堂,左邊是中國歷史博物館。(on the left后省掉)

  4.省略賓語

  ①Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.

  我們洗盤子吧,我洗你擦干。

  ②George fixed (the door) and painted the door.

  喬治安裝并粉刷了這扇門。

  5.省略定語

  He spent part of the money, and the rest (of the money) he saved.

  那錢他花了部分,其余的他都存了起來。

  6.省略狀語

  He was not hurt. (How) Strange!

  他沒有受傷,真奇怪!

  7.同時省略句子幾個部分,甚至幾個句子的相同成分都被省掉。這種現象多用于表示比較的狀語從句中,在對疑問句的簡略回答中,以及在反意疑問句或選擇疑問句中。

  ①In winter it is colder in Beijing than in Guangzhou.

  北京的冬天比廣州冷。

  ②She pledged herself to complete her father's unfinished task, whatever the cost (it was).

  她立誓不管付出多大代價,也要完成她父親未完成的事業。

  ③——When did you read the play?

  ——Long age.

  “你什么時候讀的這個劇本?”“很久以前。”

  ④——Have you ever been to Xinjiang?

  ——你到過新疆嗎?

  ——Never.

  ——從來沒有。

  ⑤What exciting news (it is)!

  多么令人激動的消息啊!

  ⑥(It is a) Pity that he's failed.

  很遺憾,他失敗了。

  知識拓展

  1)在if, when,though,as,as if(好像)等連詞引導的從句中,如果從句中的謂語含有系動詞be,并且主語和主句主語一致,可以將主語和動詞be省掉。

  ①When you do this exercise,make changes in the sentence structure when/if necessary.

  做這個練習時,必要時可以改動句子結構。

  ②He is very good at painting, though very young.(=though he is very young)

  他雖然年紀很輕,但很擅長畫畫。

  ③The boy looked as if afraid of nothing.

  那男孩看來好像什么都不怕。

  ④If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.

  如果有必要,我們就往家里打電報。

  ⑤Whenever possible, he will come to my help.

  他一有可能就來幫助我。

  ⑥While cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.

  騎車時,不要忘記看紅綠燈。

  2)在下面的句子中,動詞不定式符號to的后面省去了動詞原形及其以后的部分。

  ①You may go with them if you want to.

  你愿意的話,也可以和他們一起去。(to后省去go with them)

  ②——Will you be able to come?

  ——你來嗎?

  ——I'd love to. But I'm busy.

  ——我倒很想來,可是我現在有事。

  ③Don't go until tell you to.

  等我叫你走你再走。

  3)由固定詞組引導的疑問句,常常出現省略現象。

  ①What about having a game of chess?

  下盤棋怎么樣?

  ②How come they left you alone here?

  他們怎么會把你一人留在這里呢?

  ③What if it's raining?

  如果天下雨怎么辦?

  ④Why not try again?

  為什么不再試試呢?

  Ⅱ.小品詞的省略

  1.省略介詞

  ①He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.

  他花了四個小時復習功課。

  ②I've studied English (for) five years.

  我已學五年英語了。

  ③They are (of) the same age.

  他們年齡相同。

  ④There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.

  這件事再向她解釋是無用的。

  ⑤He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.

  他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的實驗。

  2.省略連詞that

  ①I believe (that) you will succeed.

  我相信你們會成功的。

  ②It's a pity (that) he's leaving.

  他要走,真遺憾。

  ③I'm sure (that) she will help you.

  我肯定她會幫你的。

  3.省略關系代詞

  ①I'll give you all (that) I have.

  我要把我所有的一切都給你。

  ②He read the book (which) I got yesterday.

  他看過我昨天買的書了。

  Ⅲ.替代省略

  1.so代替提到過的形容詞,動作甚至是賓語從句 (think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, hope等與so連用,替代肯定的賓語從句;與not連用,替代否定的賓語從句)。

  ①——You aren't right.

  ——你是不對的。

  ——I am so!

  ——我是對的!

  ②He's clever, probably too much so for his own good.

  他聰明,可能聰明到了已有害的地步。

  ③I wouldn't have told you this if it weren't so.

  如果事實不是如此的話,我就不會告訴你這件事了。

  2.“So/Nor(Neither)+謂語+主語”這種句型是用來替代前面提到的情況,表明它也適用于后者。

  ①Jane will never compromise with Bill, and nor will Bill.

  簡決不會同比爾和解,而比爾也決不會同簡和解。

  ②He can't do it, nor can I, nor can you, nor can anybody.

  他不能做這事,我也不能,你也不能,任何人都不能。

  ③He likes skating and so does she.

  他喜歡滑冰她也喜歡滑冰。

  3.不定代詞替代,此類詞有all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。

  ①Though they worked hard, but none of the boys has passed the history examination.

  盡管男孩子們學習很刻苦,可是他們中沒有人歷史考試及格。

  ②One took a taxi, and the other walked home.

  一個人打車回家,另一個人則步行回家。

  4.one, ones, that, those替代

  ①I haven't a book; can you lend me one?

  我沒有書,你能借我一本嗎?

  ②The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.

  冬季哈爾濱的天氣比廣州冷得多。

  5.動詞性替代

  ①You like rock climbing as much as he does.

  你跟他一樣喜歡攀巖。

  ②——Have you finished writing your report?

  ——你寫好報告了嗎?

  —— I haven't done yet, but I will do.

  ——我還沒有寫呢,不過我馬上就寫。

  高考鏈接

  (1) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________.

  A.the other is white B.anothe white

  C.the other white

  D.another is white

  答案:C 本題題意:這塊板子的一面應該刷成黃色,另一面刷成白色。本題考查省略結構,當and前后的兩個句子結構一致時,后句可省略相同的部分。

  (2)A cup of water,________ you will feel better.

  A.or

  B.but

  C.so

  D.and

  答案:D 喝杯水你就會覺得好多了。本題中的A cup of water=Drink a cup of water,本題是“祈使句+and/or+結果句”,這一結構又可變為:if從句+結果句。

  (3)The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from________spoken in England.

  A.which

  B.what

  C.that

  D.the one

  答案:C 本題題意:美語與英語稍微有點差異。that替代名詞the English。注意:English為不可數名詞,不可以被代詞one所替代。

  (4)—What' s the matter with Della?

  —Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ________.

  A.hopes to

  B.hopes so

  C.hopes not

  D.hopes for

  答案:A 考查省略。一般情況下,不定式的省略,承接上文保留到to。

  (5)Some of you may have finished Unit one.

  ____ ____ , you can go on to Unit two.

  A. If you may

  B. If you do

  C. If not

  D. If so

  答案:D 考查了省略句的用法。so代指前面整句話內容。句意為“你們當中有些人可能已經完成第一單元了,如果那樣,你們可以繼續進行第二單元。”

  (6)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,________do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

  A.as

  B.which

  C.when

  D.though

  答案:A 考查倒裝句。句意:“和住在市中心的許多商人一樣,我每天做輕軌鐵路到濱海新區。”as引導的倒裝句相當于“so+助動詞/系動詞/情態動詞+主語”,表示“前面所述的肯定情況也適用于后者”。

  1.No matter how frequently______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

  A.performedB.performing

  C.to be performed

  D.being performed

  答案:A 本題題意:不論貝多芬的作品演出多么頻繁,它們依然吸引著全世界的人們。本題考查狀語從句的省略,補充完整為:No matter how frequently they are performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.選項C以及選項D雖然也表示被動關系,但其“時間”概念和題干不符。to be performed 表示將來時間概念,而being performed則表示動作正在發生。

  2.When________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

  A.compared

  B.being compared

  C.comparing

  D.having compared

  答案:C 本題題意:在比較不同的文化時,我們通常只是注意其差異,而忽視了它們的許多相似之處。本題考查狀語從句的省略,補充完整為:When we compare different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.本題也可以理解為現在分詞短語作時間狀語。動詞compare與主語we構成邏輯上的主謂關系,采用現在分詞表示主動。

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