2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法備考:被動語態(tài)(含解析)
被動語態(tài)考點(diǎn)
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _____ very soft.”
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D,想當(dāng)然地根據(jù)“這布料摸起來很柔軟”這一句意,認(rèn)為“布料”應(yīng)是“被摸”,所以 feel 選用被動語態(tài)。
【分析】其實(shí),此題正確答案為C,因為 feel 在此為連系動詞,而連系動詞均為不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),盡管有時其漢語意思有被動意味。請看以下類似例子 (答案均為D):
(1) Her forehead _____ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.
A. is feeling B. felt
C. is felt D. feels
(2) The new school has been completed. It _____ very beautiful.
A. is looked B. looked
C. has looked D. looks
(3) The dish _____ nice, but the milk _____ sour.
A. is smelt, is smelt B. is smelt, smells
C. smells, is smelt D. smells, smells
(4) The story of his life _____ interesting.
A. is sounded B. is sounding
C. has sounded D. sounds
2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.
A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy
C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能被誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為C。 be angry at (about) sth 意為“對某事生氣”,許多同學(xué)常按漢語意思將其中的介詞 at (about) 換成 to,這是錯誤的。另外,許多同學(xué)將漢語的“不滿意”直譯為 not satisfy,這是是不對的,因為,satisfy在現(xiàn)代英語中只用作及物動詞,其意不是“滿意”而是“使(人)滿意”,所以其后不能沒有賓語,除非本身是被動語態(tài)(或是系表結(jié)構(gòu))。
◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
A. gave B. was given
C. had given D. had been given
2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying
C. has said D. is said
3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
A. attacked and robbed
B. attacking and robbing
B. to attack and rob
D. to be attacked and robbed
4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
A. was holding B. had held
C. was to hold D. was to be held
5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
A. permits B. is permitting
C. is permitted D. has permitted
7. The students _____ £50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
A. give B. are given
C. have given D. to give
8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
A. has introduced B. is being introduced
C. is introduced D. was introduced
9.”How about the dishes, Dear?” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
A. cooked B. had been cooked
C. was cooked D. had cooked
10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
A. wroteB. was writing
C. was written D. were written
11. “Look! Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for?”
A. is being building B. has been built
C. is built D. is being built
12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost
C. are lost D. will lose
13. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying
C. has said D. is said
14. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
【答案與解析】
1. 選B。一方面語意要求要被動語態(tài),另一方面從句時態(tài)暗示主句應(yīng)用一般過去時。
2. 選D。此句也可說成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
3. 選A,“get + 過去分詞”表被動。
4. 選D,從邏輯上說,“會議”應(yīng)是被開,故用被動式。
5. 選B。從語境上看,develop 不僅要用被動語態(tài),而且要用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。
6. 選A,該用法中的 permit 為不及物動詞,不用被動語態(tài)。其中if time permits 也可換成 time permitting。
7. 選B。謂語為 give sb sth 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)形式。
8. 選B。技術(shù)應(yīng)該是“被”引進(jìn),故用被動語態(tài);根據(jù)語境句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。
9. 選B。從句意上看,“牛肉”應(yīng)該是“被”煮,故句子要用被動語態(tài);從時間上看,由于句中有 didn’t taste very good,所以“煮得太久”應(yīng)該在這一過去時間之前,故用過去完成時。
10. 選D。in which were written the names and addresses…為倒裝句式,其正常表達(dá)為 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook。
11. 選D。因為 building 應(yīng)該是“被建”,故用被動語態(tài);再根據(jù)前文的 look, under construction 等信息詞可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)。
12. 選B。jobs與lose應(yīng)為被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài);再根據(jù)條件狀語從句中的一般現(xiàn)在時可知主句以用一般將來時為宜。
13. 選D。因為主語 a red sky 與謂語動詞say之間為被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。
14. 選B。因為“新的藥物和器械”與“開發(fā)”之間為被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.
A. advertise B. advertise for
C. advertise on D. advertise to
【陷阱】容易誤選B,認(rèn)為 advertise 的意思是“做廣告”,advertise for 的意思“為……做廣告”。
【分析】事實(shí)上,正確答案為A。advertise 可用作及物和不及物動詞:用作及物動詞時,其意為“為……做廣告”、“登廣告宣傳”;用作不及物動詞時,其意為“做廣告”、“登廣告”,此時通常后接介詞 for,表示“做廣告征求”。比較:
advertise for sth (sb) 登廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙?(此時 advertise 不及物)
advertise sth 為……登廣告,登廣告宣傳……(此時 advertise 是及物動詞,其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語)
People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人們?yōu)橐u的東西登廣告。
The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經(jīng)理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。
再比較以下用例:
advertise jobs 登廣告招人
advertise for jobs 登廣告求職
2. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.
A. serve B. serve for
C. serve to D. serve on
【陷阱】容易誤選B,即字對字地翻譯漢語的“全心全意為人民服務(wù)”,將其中的“為”譯為 for。
【分析】答案選A,serve 意為“為……服務(wù)”,可直接用作及物動詞,其后不能按漢語意思誤加介詞 for。請看以下類似例子:
(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
A. rang B. rang to
C. rang with D. rang to
答案選A,ring 可以用作及物動詞,表示“給……打電話”,故其后不用介詞。
(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.
A. marry B. marry to
C. marry with D. marry for
答案選A,marry 可用作及物或不及物動詞,用作及物動詞時它的意思“與……結(jié)婚”,而不僅僅是“結(jié)婚”,也就是說,后接賓語時,無需用介詞 to, with 等。
(3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green?
A. contact B. contact with
C. contact to D. contact for
答案選A,contact 為及物動詞,表示“與……聯(lián)系”,其后不接介詞。
3. According to the rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.
A. read B. watch
C. notice D. look at
【陷阱】容易誤選A。因為按照英語一般習(xí)慣:看書看報用動詞 read,看電視用動詞watch,看電影用動詞see,看比賽用動詞watch,看黑板用動詞look at,等等。
【分析】一般說來,漢語的“看書”至少有兩層意思,一是指閱讀性地看書,即看書=讀書,此時通常用動詞read;另一種看書則不是指閱讀性地看書,而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看,比如看看書的封面、定價、內(nèi)容提要等,或者回答問題時看看書的某些章節(jié)或字句以及考試時偷看書本等等,此時通常都不宜用動詞read,而應(yīng)根據(jù)情況選用其他動詞(如 look at)。又如:
Let me have a look at the book. 讓我看看或翻翻這本書。
Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 請不看書回答我的問題。
4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go?”
A. let B. agree
C. allow D. promise
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為C。不能選A是因為 let 后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不能帶 to;不能選B是因為動詞 agree 習(xí)慣上不用于 agree sb to do sth 這一句式;不能選D是因為在 promise sb to do sth 這一句式中,to do sth 的邏輯主語是 promise 的主語而不其是賓語,比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答應(yīng)我,他去”,而不是“他答應(yīng)我讓我去”。之所以能選C,是因為 allow sb to do sth(允許某人做某事)與上文語境剛好吻合。
5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.
A. disagreed B. refused
C. agreed D. hoped
【陷阱】容易誤選A,根據(jù) agree to do sth(同意做某事),想當(dāng)然地類推出 disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做某事)。
【分析】事實(shí)上,語言有很多問題是不能類推的,如上面這一例,英語可說 agree to do sth,但習(xí)慣上卻不說 disagree to do sth。類似地,英語中可說 like doing [to do] sth,但在現(xiàn)代英語中習(xí)慣上說 dislike doing sth,卻不說dislike to do sth。其實(shí)上面一題的最佳答案是B,refuse to do sth 意為“拒絕做某事”或“不愿做某事”。
6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
A. speak B. say
C. talk D. mention
【陷阱】很容易根據(jù)“他們擁有兩輛小汽車,更不用說一輛摩托車了”這一中文語境而選擇B。
【分析】其實(shí)最佳答案為D。因為not to say 和 not to mention 均為習(xí)語,但其含義區(qū)別甚大:
not to mention=更不用說,此外還有
not to say=雖不能說,即使不能說
It is warm, not to say hot. 天氣雖說不上熱,但也夠暖了。
He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗魯,至少也是沒有禮貌。
There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我們有10個人愿意幫忙,還不算小孩。
They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他們有三只狗要照顧,更別提那只貓和鳥了。
7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.”
A. hope B. suggest
C. support D. encourage
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。因為若僅從漢語意思來看,四個選項均可填入空格處。
【分析】其實(shí)此題的正解答案是D。因為在以上四個選項中,只有encourage 可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,即可用于 encourage sb to do sth,而其余三者均不可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,即英語中習(xí)慣上不說 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。順便說一句,以下英漢語表達(dá)也有類似差別,請注意:
漢語說“希望某人做某事”,但英語不說 hope sb to do sth。
漢語說“同意某人做某事”,但英語不說 agree sb to do sth。
漢語說“不同意某人做某事”,但英語不說disagree sb to do sth。
漢語說“害怕某人做某事”,但英語不說 fear sb to do sth。
漢語說“拒絕某人做某事”,但英語不說 refuse sb to do sth。
漢語說“懲罰某人做某事”,但英語不說 punish sb to do sth。
漢語說“建議某人做某事”,但英語不說 suggest sb to do sth。
漢語說“建議某人做某事”,但英語不說 propose sb to do sth。
漢語說“贊成某人做某事”,但英語不說 approve sb to do sth。
漢語說“安排某人做某事”,但英語不說 arrange sb to do sth。
漢語說“要求某人做某事”,但英語不說 demand sb to do sth。
漢語說“感謝某人做某事”,但英語不說 thank sb to do sth。
漢語說“指導(dǎo)某人做某事”,但英語不說 guide sb to do sth。
漢語說“祝賀某人做某事”,但英語不說 congratulate sb to do sth。
漢語說“阻止某人做某事”,但英語不說 prevent sb to do sth。
漢語說“通知某人做某事”,但英語不說 inform sb to do sth。
漢語說“歡迎某人做某事”,但英語不說 welcome sb to do sth。
漢語說“陪伴某人做某事”,但英語不說 accompany sb to do sth。
要表示以上漢語意思,英語需改用其他說法。如:
advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事
wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
arrnage for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
thank sb for doing sth 感謝某人做了某事
congratulate sb on doing sth 祝賀某人做了某事
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
等等。
8. Nowadays everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future.
A. accept B. accept a
C. receive D. receive a
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。因為accept 與 receive 的基本區(qū)別是前者表示“接受”,后者表示“收到”,而漢語通常是說“接受教育”,而不是說“收到教育”,所以選A或B,
【分析】其實(shí)上,此題的正確答案是D,因為英語中習(xí)慣說 receive a good education,而不說 accept a good education。另外,education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時,不可數(shù),但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時,可與不定冠詞連用。