虛擬語氣

　　注：

　　虛擬條件句與主語的謂語動詞——與現(xiàn)在事實或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦嵪喾矗瑥木溆靡话氵^去式(be用were；與將來可 能事實相反時還可用were to /should +動 詞原形)，主句用would /should /could/ might +動詞原形；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時，主句用would /should/ could /might have +過去分詞。

　　熟讀深思

　　My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were［1］my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look［2］like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat［3］ more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out［4］regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk［5］ to school. If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would not be so fat now［6］. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become［7］ overweight.

　　This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting,“ If only I were［8］ a little thinner! How I wish I hadn’t eaten［9］so much junk food before!”

　　Were I Mary, I would make［10］a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do［11］ sports every day. Now it is high time she changed［12］ her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t be［13］ able to lose weight. I would rather she went［14］swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are［15］ not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk［16］to school.

　　漢語譯文：我的同桌瑪麗對我像親姐妹一樣。她人長得漂亮，就是有點胖。要不然，她就是一個超級模特了。去年，醫(yī)生建議她多吃蔬菜和水果。醫(yī)生同時建議她要經(jīng)常鍛煉，并堅持讓她步行上學(xué)。如果她當(dāng)時聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在也不至于這么胖了。也就是說，假如醫(yī)生說服了她減肥，她就不會太胖。

　　今天上午，瑪麗的媽媽給她買了一條新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，瑪麗試穿后，忍不住叫了起來：“我多希望我瘦一點點啊！要是當(dāng)初我沒有吃那么多的垃圾食品該多好啊！”如果我是瑪麗，我會制定一個減肥計劃。要是將來我發(fā)胖了，我一定會每天做運動。現(xiàn)在，該是瑪麗改變她的生活方式的時候了。沒有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功減肥的。我倒是寧愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她堅持認為水上運動不適合她。因此，她有必要步行上學(xué)了。

　　熟讀深思

　　1. 在as if/ as though, even if/even though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。  2. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式，(be一般用were)，主句的謂語用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。 3.～5.在insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand, require, request等后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”， 其中的should可以省略。 6. 錯綜條件句：有時if 從句中的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相同。

　　7. 表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時，即“had＋過去分詞”，主句用“would /should/could / might + have +過去分詞”。 8～9. 在表示愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用過去完成時。 10. 如果if 從句中含有were, had或should, 可將if 省略，然后將were, had或should提前至主語前。即從句可用半倒裝。 11. 表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形式用一般過去式，或用“were to / should +動詞原形”，主句用“would / should /could/ might +動詞原形”。 12. 在It is (high) time that 后的從句中， 謂語動詞用“should(不能省略)+動詞原形”或一般過去時都可以。 13. 含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise, or，but或用介詞but for, without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。其中介詞but for, without表示的虛擬語氣， 可和if 引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件狀語從句替換。 14. would (had) rather , would sooner用來表達主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示與過去事實相反。 15. 動詞insist表“堅持認為，堅持說, 堅持某種說法”； suggest 表“暗示，表明”時，后面從句不用虛擬語氣。 16. 在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”。

　　倒裝與高考

　　1. 我們在做語法填空題時，一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作為謂語后，就考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。

　　2. 短文改錯中，可能出現(xiàn)動詞形式的錯誤。 1.If I _____ (be) you, I would do it in a different way. 1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

　　2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _________(be) fine now.

　　2. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 were would be 一、單句填空

　　靈活運用

　　3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________________ (score) a goal. 3. 與過去事實相反。

　　4. If I ____(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 4. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 would have scored had 5. The doctor ordered that she ________ (stay) in bed for a few days. (should) stay 6. It is very important that you ______ _______(master) the skills of computer.

　　7. English teachers give advice that we ____________ (make) good use of every chance to speak English. (should) make (should) master 8. It is high time that we _________ ______(take) some measures to protect the wild animals. took/should take 9. How I wish every family ____ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！ had 10. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________(have) a medical examination. should have was 二、語篇填空

　　Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _____(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 ___(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 ____ he doesn’t want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _______(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study. were

　　is

　　but

　　worked

　　At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 ________(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6____________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 ___(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.

　　One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one.

　　should do

　　should finish

　　is

　　When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ Mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 ______(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 ______(be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10 _____ (give) you a good lesson.

　　was

　　were

　　gave

　　And I insist that you 11 ________________( not play) any computer games for a whole month too.

　　Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 ___________, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!”

　　“Oh, no! Mom. 13 _______computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _______(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.

　　“If you 15 __________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother. should not play

　　or/otherwise

　　without

　　asked

　　had finished

　　湯姆和彼特雖是長得像同一個人且都很聰明,但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶, 各不相同, 甚至有一次還因彼特懶惰, 投機取巧, 鬧出笑話。 1. were 因as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況, 從句謂語用一般過去時, be一般用were。 2. is 因suggests表示“表明，說明”，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。 3. but 因“本來可以做得更好”與“不愿努力學(xué)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 4. worked 因if表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語用一般過去時。 5. should do 在表示“建議”的suggestion后的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用should do。 6. should finish 在insist表示“堅決要求”時, 其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”。 7. is 該句的insists表示“堅持認為”，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。 8. was 因suggested作“表明，說明”解，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。 9. were 在表示愿望的wish后的賓語從句，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。 10. gave 或should give 在It’s time that句型的that從句中，謂語動詞用一般過去式或“should +動詞原形”。 11. should not play 句中insist表示“堅決要求”，其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”。

　　12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的謂語would be可知, 前面用or或otherwise (否則)來表示虛擬條件。 13. Without 由后面的would die可知，填without表示虛擬條件。 14. asked 在would rather后的從句中，用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼＊?15. had finished 表示與過去事實相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時。 三、單句改錯

　　1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun. are→ were

　　與現(xiàn)在事實相反或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，故用一般過去時。

　　2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today.

　　在become前加 have

　　前句相當(dāng)于If he had worked hard years ago, 與過去事實相反的假設(shè),主句謂語要用would have done。句意：如果他幾年前就努力工作，他現(xiàn)在也已經(jīng)變得富有了。 3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.

　　will→ would

　　虛擬條件句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，主句謂語用would do。

　　4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now. 在But后加for

　　因but for(如果沒有，要不是)是固定短語，常與虛擬語氣連用。 5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful.

　　have→ had

　　在表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句中，謂語用過去完成時。

　　6. I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month. 在caught前加been

　　表示“被抓”用被動語態(tài)。 7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. establish→ established

　　或在establish 前加 should

　　因為由句型It is time that sb. should do 或 It is high time that sb. did sth.決定的。其中should不能省略。

　　8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman. is→ were

　　表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，用一般過去時表示，be一律用were。 9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there. can→ could

　　因if only (但愿，要是……就好了)是個固定句型, 表示將來的愿望,

　　用could do。

　　10. I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow. goes→ went

　　在would rather后接句子時，用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)聿惶赡艿脑竿挥眠^去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望。

　　虛擬語氣

　　注：

　　虛擬條件句與主語的謂語動詞——與現(xiàn)在事實或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦嵪喾矗瑥木溆靡话氵^去式(be用were；與將來可 能事實相反時還可用were to /should +動 詞原形)，主句用would /should /could/ might +動詞原形；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時，主句用would /should/ could /might have +過去分詞。

　　熟讀深思

　　My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were［1］my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look［2］like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat［3］ more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out［4］regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk［5］ to school. If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would not be so fat now［6］. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become［7］ overweight.

　　This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting,“ If only I were［8］ a little thinner! How I wish I hadn’t eaten［9］so much junk food before!”

　　Were I Mary, I would make［10］a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do［11］ sports every day. Now it is high time she changed［12］ her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t be［13］ able to lose weight. I would rather she went［14］swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are［15］ not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk［16］to school.

　　漢語譯文：我的同桌瑪麗對我像親姐妹一樣。她人長得漂亮，就是有點胖。要不然，她就是一個超級模特了。去年，醫(yī)生建議她多吃蔬菜和水果。醫(yī)生同時建議她要經(jīng)常鍛煉，并堅持讓她步行上學(xué)。如果她當(dāng)時聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在也不至于這么胖了。也就是說，假如醫(yī)生說服了她減肥，她就不會太胖。

　　今天上午，瑪麗的媽媽給她買了一條新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，瑪麗試穿后，忍不住叫了起來：“我多希望我瘦一點點啊！要是當(dāng)初我沒有吃那么多的垃圾食品該多好啊！”如果我是瑪麗，我會制定一個減肥計劃。要是將來我發(fā)胖了，我一定會每天做運動。現(xiàn)在，該是瑪麗改變她的生活方式的時候了。沒有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功減肥的。我倒是寧愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她堅持認為水上運動不適合她。因此，她有必要步行上學(xué)了。

　　熟讀深思

　　1. 在as if/ as though, even if/even though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。  2. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式，(be一般用were)，主句的謂語用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。 3.～5.在insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand, require, request等后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”， 其中的should可以省略。 6. 錯綜條件句：有時if 從句中的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相同。

　　7. 表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時，即“had＋過去分詞”，主句用“would /should/could / might + have +過去分詞”。 8～9. 在表示愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用過去完成時。 10. 如果if 從句中含有were, had或should, 可將if 省略，然后將were, had或should提前至主語前。即從句可用半倒裝。 11. 表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形式用一般過去式，或用“were to / should +動詞原形”，主句用“would / should /could/ might +動詞原形”。 12. 在It is (high) time that 后的從句中， 謂語動詞用“should(不能省略)+動詞原形”或一般過去時都可以。 13. 含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise, or，but或用介詞but for, without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。其中介詞but for, without表示的虛擬語氣， 可和if 引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件狀語從句替換。 14. would (had) rather , would sooner用來表達主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示與過去事實相反。 15. 動詞insist表“堅持認為，堅持說, 堅持某種說法”； suggest 表“暗示，表明”時，后面從句不用虛擬語氣。 16. 在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”。

　　倒裝與高考

　　1. 我們在做語法填空題時，一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作為謂語后，就考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。

　　2. 短文改錯中，可能出現(xiàn)動詞形式的錯誤。 1.If I _____ (be) you, I would do it in a different way. 1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

　　2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _________(be) fine now.

　　2. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 were would be 一、單句填空

　　靈活運用

　　3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________________ (score) a goal. 3. 與過去事實相反。

　　4. If I ____(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 4. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 would have scored had 5. The doctor ordered that she ________ (stay) in bed for a few days. (should) stay 6. It is very important that you ______ _______(master) the skills of computer.

　　7. English teachers give advice that we ____________ (make) good use of every chance to speak English. (should) make (should) master 8. It is high time that we _________ ______(take) some measures to protect the wild animals. took/should take 9. How I wish every family ____ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！ had 10. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________(have) a medical examination. should have was 二、語篇填空

　　Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _____(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 ___(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 ____ he doesn’t want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _______(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study. were

　　is

　　but

　　worked

　　At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 ________(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6____________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 ___(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.

　　One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one.

　　should do

　　should finish

　　is

　　When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ Mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 ______(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 ______(be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10 _____ (give) you a good lesson.

　　was

　　were

　　gave

　　And I insist that you 11 ________________( not play) any computer games for a whole month too.

　　Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 ___________, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!”

　　“Oh, no! Mom. 13 _______computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _______(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.

　　“If you 15 __________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother. should not play

　　or/otherwise

　　without

　　asked

　　had finished

　　湯姆和彼特雖是長得像同一個人且都很聰明,但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶, 各不相同, 甚至有一次還因彼特懶惰, 投機取巧, 鬧出笑話。 1. were 因as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況, 從句謂語用一般過去時, be一般用were。 2. is 因suggests表示“表明，說明”，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。 3. but 因“本來可以做得更好”與“不愿努力學(xué)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 4. worked 因if表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語用一般過去時。 5. should do 在表示“建議”的suggestion后的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用should do。 6. should finish 在insist表示“堅決要求”時, 其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”。 7. is 該句的insists表示“堅持認為”，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。 8. was 因suggested作“表明，說明”解，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。 9. were 在表示愿望的wish后的賓語從句，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。 10. gave 或should give 在It’s time that句型的that從句中，謂語動詞用一般過去式或“should +動詞原形”。 11. should not play 句中insist表示“堅決要求”，其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”。

　　12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的謂語would be可知, 前面用or或otherwise (否則)來表示虛擬條件。 13. Without 由后面的would die可知，填without表示虛擬條件。 14. asked 在would rather后的從句中，用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼＊?15. had finished 表示與過去事實相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時。 三、單句改錯

　　1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun. are→ were

　　與現(xiàn)在事實相反或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，故用一般過去時。

　　2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today.

　　在become前加 have

　　前句相當(dāng)于If he had worked hard years ago, 與過去事實相反的假設(shè),主句謂語要用would have done。句意：如果他幾年前就努力工作，他現(xiàn)在也已經(jīng)變得富有了。 3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.

　　will→ would

　　虛擬條件句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，主句謂語用would do。

　　4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now. 在But后加for

　　因but for(如果沒有，要不是)是固定短語，常與虛擬語氣連用。 5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful.

　　have→ had

　　在表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句中，謂語用過去完成時。

　　6. I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month. 在caught前加been

　　表示“被抓”用被動語態(tài)。 7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. establish→ established

　　或在establish 前加 should

　　因為由句型It is time that sb. should do 或 It is high time that sb. did sth.決定的。其中should不能省略。

　　8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman. is→ were

　　表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，用一般過去時表示，be一律用were。 9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there. can→ could

　　因if only (但愿，要是……就好了)是個固定句型, 表示將來的愿望,

　　用could do。

　　10. I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow. goes→ went

　　在would rather后接句子時，用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)聿惶赡艿脑竿挥眠^去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望。