? 3．動詞的-ed形式作定語和-ing形式作定語的區別 ? 動詞的-ed形式作定語表示動作已完成或和被動，而-ing形式作定語表示動作正在進行或和主動。 ? the risen sun? 升起了的太陽 ? the rising sun?? 正在升起的太陽 ? boiled water?? 開水 ? boiling water?? 正沸騰的水 ? developed countries 發達國家 ? developing countries 發展中國家 ? fallen leaves?? 落葉 ? falling leaves?? 正在飄落的葉子 ? changed condition 改變了的情況 ? changing condition 變化著的情況 ? D．動詞的-ed形式作狀語 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語和-ing形式作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、?方式或伴隨情況等。 ? 1．表示時間 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。 ? Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 從塔上往下看，城市顯得很美麗。（= When the city is seen from the tower...）? ? Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 帶我們參觀了實驗室之后，又帶我們參觀了圖書館。（= After we had been shown the lab...） ? Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 經過醫生徹底檢查以后，他立刻回到了學校。(= After he was completely examined...) ? 提示： ? 有時動詞的-ed形式前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。 ? When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 當被問到為什么上課又遲到時，她羞愧地低下了頭。 ? Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢復健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。 ? Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦給這鐘上了發條，它就會走半個月，并且走得很準。 ? 2. 表示原因 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。 ? Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子們被英雄事跡感動，情不自禁地哭了起來。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...） ? Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因為寫得快，她的信很難閱讀。（=As it was written in haste ...）? ? Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我們因為新發現而激動萬分，決定出去慶祝一下。(Because we were excited by...) ? 注意： ? 為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當的連詞。 ? Even if invited,I won'tgo.? 即使受到邀請，我也不去。 ? Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. 雖然被對手打敗，便他們并沒有喪失信心。 ? Unless invited,he will not come back to the company.? 除非被邀請，不然他不會回到公司來的。 ? 3. 表示條件 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。 ? Heated, water changes into steam. 加熱，水就能變成蒸汽。（= If water is heated...） ? Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多給一些時間，他會干得更出色。（= If he was given more time ...） ? Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 與其他教授相比，她是一個優秀的演說家。 ? 4. 表示讓步 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示讓步，相當于一個thoughalthough引導的讓步狀語從句。 ? Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續追趕著那個強盜。（= Although they were exhausted by the running ...） ? Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people ...） ? Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 盡管一天被盤問了多次，安德魯仍然對那件謀殺案保持沉默。 ? 提示： ? 有時動詞的-ed形式作狀語和動詞的-ing形式的被動式作狀語，并沒有多大的區別，可以互換。 ? Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發熱不能來上學。 ? = Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發熱不能來上學。 ? Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因為是在農村長大的，他感到很難適應城市生活。 ? = Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因為是在農村長大的，他感到很難適應城市生活。 ? 5．表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明時，通常位于句子的后面，相當于一個并列分句。 ? The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老師站在那兒，被學生圍住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students） ? He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走進辦公室，后面跟著一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children) ? They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他們轉過身來，站在房間中央，完全驚呆了。 ? She accepted the gift, deeply moved.? 她接受了禮物，深深地感動了。 ? 注意： ? 動詞的-ed形式在句中不能用作主語或賓語。 ? 【誤】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour. ? 【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀請出席國宴是極大的榮耀。 ? 【誤】I cannot stand laughed at. ? 【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。、?動詞的-ed形式的邏輯主語

　　A．動詞的-ed形式在句中作狀語和表語時，它的邏輯主語一般來說就是句子的主語，-ed形式和主語之間是被動關系。 ? Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被鎖了起來，沒有辦法逃跑了。 ? Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，幾乎撞到了前面的汽車。 ? She became discouraged at the news. 聽到這個消息，她泄氣了。 ? Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 盡管已經是上午10點了，商店的門仍然鎖著。 ? B．當動詞的-ed形式在句中作定語時，它的邏輯主語是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動關系。 ? The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批編寫出來作為英語教材的課本是16世紀出版的。 ? The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年開辦的計算機中心深受這所學校的學生喜愛。 ? A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支點燃的蠟燭照亮了地下室。 ? C．當動詞的-ed形式在句中作賓語補語或主語補語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語，它們之間的關系是被動關系。 ? Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行車鏈條里了。（trapped的邏輯主語是句子的賓語fingers） ? The valuable vase was found stolen. 那個珍貴的花瓶發現被盜了。（stolen的邏輯主語是句子的主語vase） ? We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我們回到家發現整幢房子被翻得亂七八糟, 很明顯小偷闖進來了。 ? D．動詞的-ed形式有時可有其獨立的邏輯主語，常用作狀語（詳見“獨立主格結構”）。 ? Everything done, we went home.?一切事情都做完了，我們就回家了。 ? All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 錢都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。 ? He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，頭枕著雙手。 ? All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考慮到所有的情況，原來計劃好的旅行不得不取消。 ? E．動詞的-ed形式作獨立成分。 ? 動詞的-ed形式的一些固定詞組也可在句中作獨立成分，不受邏輯主語的限制。 ? Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地說，我不同意他所說的。 ? Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考慮到他一般的身體狀況，手術后的恢復可能需要一段時間。

　　? 3．動詞的-ed形式作定語和-ing形式作定語的區別 ? 動詞的-ed形式作定語表示動作已完成或和被動，而-ing形式作定語表示動作正在進行或和主動。 ? the risen sun? 升起了的太陽 ? the rising sun?? 正在升起的太陽 ? boiled water?? 開水 ? boiling water?? 正沸騰的水 ? developed countries 發達國家 ? developing countries 發展中國家 ? fallen leaves?? 落葉 ? falling leaves?? 正在飄落的葉子 ? changed condition 改變了的情況 ? changing condition 變化著的情況 ? D．動詞的-ed形式作狀語 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語和-ing形式作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、?方式或伴隨情況等。 ? 1．表示時間 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。 ? Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 從塔上往下看，城市顯得很美麗。（= When the city is seen from the tower...）? ? Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 帶我們參觀了實驗室之后，又帶我們參觀了圖書館。（= After we had been shown the lab...） ? Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 經過醫生徹底檢查以后，他立刻回到了學校。(= After he was completely examined...) ? 提示： ? 有時動詞的-ed形式前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。 ? When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 當被問到為什么上課又遲到時，她羞愧地低下了頭。 ? Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢復健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。 ? Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦給這鐘上了發條，它就會走半個月，并且走得很準。 ? 2. 表示原因 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。 ? Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子們被英雄事跡感動，情不自禁地哭了起來。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...） ? Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因為寫得快，她的信很難閱讀。（=As it was written in haste ...）? ? Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我們因為新發現而激動萬分，決定出去慶祝一下。(Because we were excited by...) ? 注意： ? 為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當的連詞。 ? Even if invited,I won'tgo.? 即使受到邀請，我也不去。 ? Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. 雖然被對手打敗，便他們并沒有喪失信心。 ? Unless invited,he will not come back to the company.? 除非被邀請，不然他不會回到公司來的。 ? 3. 表示條件 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。 ? Heated, water changes into steam. 加熱，水就能變成蒸汽。（= If water is heated...） ? Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多給一些時間，他會干得更出色。（= If he was given more time ...） ? Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 與其他教授相比，她是一個優秀的演說家。 ? 4. 表示讓步 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示讓步，相當于一個thoughalthough引導的讓步狀語從句。 ? Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續追趕著那個強盜。（= Although they were exhausted by the running ...） ? Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people ...） ? Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 盡管一天被盤問了多次，安德魯仍然對那件謀殺案保持沉默。 ? 提示： ? 有時動詞的-ed形式作狀語和動詞的-ing形式的被動式作狀語，并沒有多大的區別，可以互換。 ? Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發熱不能來上學。 ? = Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發熱不能來上學。 ? Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因為是在農村長大的，他感到很難適應城市生活。 ? = Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因為是在農村長大的，他感到很難適應城市生活。 ? 5．表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。 ? 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明時，通常位于句子的后面，相當于一個并列分句。 ? The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老師站在那兒，被學生圍住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students） ? He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走進辦公室，后面跟著一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children) ? They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他們轉過身來，站在房間中央，完全驚呆了。 ? She accepted the gift, deeply moved.? 她接受了禮物，深深地感動了。 ? 注意： ? 動詞的-ed形式在句中不能用作主語或賓語。 ? 【誤】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour. ? 【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀請出席國宴是極大的榮耀。 ? 【誤】I cannot stand laughed at. ? 【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。、?動詞的-ed形式的邏輯主語

　　A．動詞的-ed形式在句中作狀語和表語時，它的邏輯主語一般來說就是句子的主語，-ed形式和主語之間是被動關系。 ? Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被鎖了起來，沒有辦法逃跑了。 ? Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，幾乎撞到了前面的汽車。 ? She became discouraged at the news. 聽到這個消息，她泄氣了。 ? Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 盡管已經是上午10點了，商店的門仍然鎖著。 ? B．當動詞的-ed形式在句中作定語時，它的邏輯主語是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動關系。 ? The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批編寫出來作為英語教材的課本是16世紀出版的。 ? The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年開辦的計算機中心深受這所學校的學生喜愛。 ? A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支點燃的蠟燭照亮了地下室。 ? C．當動詞的-ed形式在句中作賓語補語或主語補語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語，它們之間的關系是被動關系。 ? Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行車鏈條里了。（trapped的邏輯主語是句子的賓語fingers） ? The valuable vase was found stolen. 那個珍貴的花瓶發現被盜了。（stolen的邏輯主語是句子的主語vase） ? We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我們回到家發現整幢房子被翻得亂七八糟, 很明顯小偷闖進來了。 ? D．動詞的-ed形式有時可有其獨立的邏輯主語，常用作狀語（詳見“獨立主格結構”）。 ? Everything done, we went home.?一切事情都做完了，我們就回家了。 ? All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 錢都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。 ? He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，頭枕著雙手。 ? All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考慮到所有的情況，原來計劃好的旅行不得不取消。 ? E．動詞的-ed形式作獨立成分。 ? 動詞的-ed形式的一些固定詞組也可在句中作獨立成分，不受邏輯主語的限制。 ? Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地說，我不同意他所說的。 ? Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考慮到他一般的身體狀況，手術后的恢復可能需要一段時間。