必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy

　　the science of the stars

　　單元知識預覽

　　項目 單詞及其詞性變化（語法填空必備）

　　重點單詞 1．astronomy nastronomer n．天文學家 2．system n3．theory ntheoretical adj.理論上的 4．globe nglobal adj.全球性的；全世界的

　　5．violent adj.violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地 6．atmosphere n7．unlike prep.dislike vt.不喜歡 8．presence npresent adj. & n. & v．在場的；目前，，9．harmful adj.harm n．危害，harmless adj.無害的

　　10．exist vi.，existence n．存在，11．puzzle nvt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 12．gravity n13．satellite n14．climate n15．spaceship n16．pull n. & vt.(力)；拖；牽引力 17．float vi. & vt.()浮動；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物 18．mass n(復)群眾

　　重點短語 1．in time2．lay eggs

　　3．give birth to

　　4．in ones turn

　　輪到某人；接著 5．prevent...from

　　6．block out

　　(光線) 7．cheer up

　　8．now that

　　9．break out

　　10．watch out

　　11．cool down

　　12．as well as

　　13．depend on

　　，14．get close to

　　經典句型

　　（高考書面表達必備） 1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就形成一個連鎖反應，。2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.，，，。

　　3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.，必備語法（高級句型）

　　晨讀范文背誦

　　背誦這篇范文注意劃線部分的用法

　　今年清明節，為了緬懷先烈，激發學生們的愛國和學習熱情，學校組織了學生去烈士陵園掃墓。掃墓活動包括：

　　：30在學校大門口集合；

　　每人準備一束小白花；

　　清掃烈士墓；

　　向烈士默哀；

　　緬懷先烈，并在烈士墓前宣誓：努力學習，振興中華。

　　請根據漢語提示寫一篇英語日記。

　　注意：1.請使用規范英語，詞數100左右；

　　可適當增加細節，以使內容充實、行文連貫。

　　參考詞匯：烈士martyr；墓地cemetery

　　On the Tomb-Sweeping Day，our school organized an activity where the students went to clean the martyr cemetery in memory of the revolutionary martyrs and it could inspire us to love our motherland and our passion of learning. At 7：30 am，we got together at the school gate and we went there by bus. On arrival at the cemetery，we cleaned the graves and presented the little white flowers to the martyrs. After cleaning we stood silently to remember them and swore that we would never forget our heroes and work hard to make our nation stronger. At last，we took photos together. What a meaningful day we spent!

　　語言知識精析

　　重點單詞精講

　　考點- 1．harmful adj. 【教材原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.【例句研讀】 (1) Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。(2) What he did _________ his reputation. 他所做的損害了他的名聲。

　　(3) He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______.，。(1) be harmful to(2) harmed(3) means no harm

　　【拓展歸納】harm n．&vt. 損傷；傷害 harmless adj. 無害的 harmlessness n. 無害

　　be harmful to 對……有害 do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 對某人有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth. (某人)做某事有(無)害處。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (對于某人來說) 做某事有(無)害處。mean no harm 沒有惡意

　　【即時鞏固】 Reading in the sun does your eyes a lot of ______.

　　在陽光下看書對你的眼睛傷害很大。

　　（3）Reading in the sun is very ______ to your eyes.

　　在陽光下看書對你的眼睛傷害很大。

　　【答案】(1) harmful (2) harm(3)harmful

　　考點-2 lay

　　vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；擺設；鋪(地毯) ；產(蛋)

　　【教材原句】They produced youngenerally by laying eggs.它們一般通過孵蛋而繁衍后代。

　　【例句研讀】(1) He ______

　　his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。

　　(2) Who should we ______

　　the blame on? 我們該責備誰?

　　(3)He _____ stress on the importance of being on time 他強調準時的重要性。 (1) laid (2) lay (3)laid

　　【拓展歸納】 stress on sth. 把重點放在某事上

　　辨析： lie

　　vi.說謊 lied -lied -lying

　　lie

　　vi.位于，躺 lay-lain –lying

　　【即時鞏固】

　　1. The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.

　　2. He would ______ some money aside for rainy days.

　　3. The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before.

　　4.The manager had fallen asleep where he________，without undressing.A．was laying

　　B．was lyingC．had

　　laid

　　D．had

　　lied

　　答案 lied; lay; laid 4.B　

　　考點-3．【教材原句】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.【例句研讀】(1) Does life ______

　　on Mars? 火星上有生命嗎?

　　(2) I can hardly ______ ______

　　the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我掙的工資簡直難以餬口。

　　(3) I doubt the ______

　　of alien.我懷疑外星人的存在

　　【答案】(1) exist(2) exist on(3)existence

　　【拓展歸納】existence n. 存在

　　exist on sth. 靠某物生存

　　There exists ……

　　come into existence 開始存在

　　【即時鞏固】The worker earned little money a month，so he had to________only fast noodles.

　　A．exist onB．exist inC．lie inD．lie on

　　【答案】

　　【解析】考查動詞短語意義。句意為：這個工人一個月掙的錢很少，因此不得不靠方便面度日。 exist on靠……生存；exist in存在于……中；lie in在于……；位于……；lie on與……接壤。

　　Earth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water，which is necessary for life to ________.

　　A．come

　　B．existC．stand

　　D．happen

　　答案B

　　考點-4 puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思

　　n.謎；難題

　　【教材原句】【例句研讀】(1) Her reply ________ me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

　　(2) Their reason for doing it is still _______ _______to me. 他們為什麼要做此事我仍莫名其妙。

　　(3) To explain the ________ findings, he offers two theories.

　　他提出了兩個理論來解釋這個令人困惑的發現。

　　【答案】 (1) puzzled (2) a

　　puzzle

　　(3)puzzling

　　【拓展歸納】sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/為難

　　sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人對……感到迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth. 對某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；絞盡腦汁

　　solve a puzzle 解決一個難題

　　【即時鞏固】1). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone.

　　(2). I _______ _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.

　　(3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.

　　(4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.

　　【答案】(1) What puzzles me (2) am puzzled

　　(3) puzzled (4) puzzle

　　考點-5

　　pull v.拉，拖，拔；移動 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力

　　【教材原句】As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.【例句研讀】(1) You

　　_____and I’ ll

　　_____. 你來推，我來拉。

　　(2) . I felt

　　_____ _____ at my sleeve and turned round. 我覺得有人扯我的袖子，便轉過身來。

　　(3) So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer. 只要我們齊心協力，沒有征服不了的高山。

　　【答案】(1) push

　　pull (2) a pull (3) pull together

　　【拓展歸納】【即時鞏固】—Is there any hope of saving his life?

　　???? —His injuries are extremely serious, but he’s expected to ____.

　　A. pull in????? B. pull through???? C. pull up???? D. pull over

　　【答案】B

　　2.?——Is there any hope of saving his life?

　　——His injuries are extremely serious, but he’s expected to ____.

　　A、pull in B、pull through C、pull up D、pull over

　　B

　　【解析】本題主要考查對短語動詞意義的辨析。選項A的意思是“停站，進站，靠岸”；選項B的意思是“恢復健康，度過危機，度過危險”；選項C的意思是“阻止，斥責，使停下”；選項D的意思是“把……拉過來，把……劃到對岸去”。根據句子的意思，本題的正確的答案為B。

　　in one’s turn輪到某人；接著

　　【教材原句】【例句研讀】(1) )The girls called out their names ______ ______. 那些女孩兒逐一報出了自己的名字。

　　(2) We make every effort to make more films, and ______ ______ this creates further environmental pollution.，。

　　(3) We ______ ______ to keep watch.

　　【拓展歸納】in turn依次；輪流；轉而；反過來 by turns輪流；交替 take one’s turn輪到某人做……了 take turns依次；輪班，on the turn正在轉變，out of turn不合時宜地，【即時鞏固】 The waste can be recycled into new products, which _________ will save natural resources.

　　A. in turn

　　B. in return

　　C. in order

　　D. in time

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】短語辨析。A.輪流，依次 B. 作為報答C.整齊

　　D.及時。句意：廢品可以回收利用成新產品，這樣（輪流）可以節省自然資源。故選A。

　　2. The boys is impolite to others and this _________ hurts himself.

　　A. in turn

　　B. at turns

　　C. by turns

　　D. in turns

　　【答案】A

　　3．Theory is based on practice and ________ serves practice.

　　A. in turn

　　B. by and by

　　C. by chance

　　D. in this case

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】短語辨析. A.依次;輪流

　　B. 不久以后C. 意外的 D.既然這樣.句意:理論基于實踐并反過來為實踐服務.結合語境可知選A.

　　考點-2 prevent...from 阻止；制止

　　【教材原句】They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.【例句研讀】

　　(2) The security forces had to intervene to prevent the situation _______

　　安全部隊不得不介入，以防止局勢進一步惡化。

　　Further treatment will prevent the disease _______ developing.

　　進一步的治療將阻止疾病惡化。

　　【答案】(1)to live

　　(2) worsening

　　(3)from

　　【拓展歸納】stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sb. （from） doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from...保護某人不受……侵襲，，【即時鞏固】Chinese President Hu Jintao called for an immediate cease-fire in Libya________an even worse humanitarian crisis in the country at the BRICS Summit in Hainan Province.

　　A．to prevent

　　B．to have prevented

　　C．preventing

　　D．having prevented

　　答案　A　句意：在海南舉行的金磚四國會議上中國主席胡錦濤呼吁利比亞立即停火以避免引起更嚴重的人道主義危機。

　　(2) We must do whatever we can to ________ our environment getting worse and worse.

　　A. separate

　　B. keep

　　C. prevent

　　D. guard

　　【答案C

　　考點-3 cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮

　　(1)______ ______！ The news isn't too bad. 振作一點吧！也不是什么太壞的消息。(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _________.每次英國選手贏得賽跑冠軍，。(3)The crowd __________ their favourite horse ______. 觀眾都替他們看好的馬加油。(1) Cheer up(2) cheered(3) cheered on

　　【拓展歸納】cheer sb. up 使某人高興；使某人振奮 cheer on 為……加油 cheer sb.

　　為某人喝彩 with good cheer 欣然地 Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)

　　【即時鞏固】--- Darling, I didn’t get promoted.

　　--- ____! There will be loads of other opportunities.

　　A．Well done

　　B．What a pity C．Cheer up

　　D．All right

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】Well done 做得好；What a pity 多遺憾啊； Cheer up 振作起來；All right好吧，選C。

　　2.The moment the 28th Olympic Games were declared open, the whole world _______.

　　A．laughged

　　B. cheered

　　C. excited

　　D. was cheered

　　【答案】B

　　考點-4 break out (戰爭、災難、瘟疫等)突發；爆發(無被動語態)

　　【教材原句】We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.【例句研讀】(1) The Second World War broke out in September 1939. “二戰”是1939年9月爆發的。(2) A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night. 昨晚居民區里發生了火災。

　　【拓展歸納】break away from 脫離(政黨等)；打破(陳套等) break down 出故障，拋錨；(計劃等)失敗；(身體、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解 break in 破門而入；闖入；打斷(話語等) break into

　　破門而入，突然……起來 break off 折斷；突然中止，斷絕，結束 break through 突破 break up 打碎，拆散；散開，解散；(學校)期末放假，(集會)結束 break into pieces 成為碎片

　　【即時鞏固】 Scientists hope to____soon in their fight against heart disease.

　　A. break up

　　B. break out

　　C. break through

　　D. break in

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】考查動詞詞語辨析。句意：科學家們希望能盡快在應對心臟病方面有所突破。Break up“分解、打斷”；break out“爆發、發生”；break through“突破”；break in“闖入、打斷”；按照句意答案選C.

　　2. A big fire _________last night.Luckily, no one was killed or injured..

　　A.break out