重慶市2024高考英語閱讀理解選編（8）（附解析）

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C 和 D)中,選出最佳選項。

　　One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast. We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked, "My I get you something?" "A coffee would be nice." Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, "How did you get to know Mr. Gal breath?" "Who?" "The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs." I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world's richest and most powerful men! My few minutes with Mr. Gal breath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.

　　(

　　) 1. What does the underlined word "disheveled" mean?

　　A. Unfriendly. B. Untidy. C. Gentle. D. Kind.

　　(

　　) 2. The author bought coffee for the old man because

　　A. he thought the old man was poor

　　B. he wanted to start a conversation

　　C. he intended to show his politeness

　　D. he would like to thank the old man

　　(

　　) 3. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend? A. Proud. B. Pitiful. C. Surprised. D. Regretful

　　(

　　) 4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?

　　A. We should learn to be generous.

　　B. It is honorable to help those in need.

　　C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.

　　D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.

　　【語篇解讀】 本文講述了"我"在吃早點的時候遇到一個看起來穿著邋遢的老人, 并且幫助 他買了一杯咖啡,事后得知他是最富有的 Mr. Gal breath,旨在告訴我們不要以貌取人.

　　1. 答案 B 【解析】猜測詞義題.由上文中的 I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man 何 下文中的 He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone.可知 disheveled 在這兒是指儀容不整, 穿著邋遢的意思.所以答案選 B 項.

　　2. 答案A 【解析】 細節理解題. 根據文中 I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.可以判斷選 A 項.

　　3. 答案 C 【解析】推理判斷題.根據 I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world's richest and most powerful men!可知, 作者在他朋友告訴他 那個老人是 Mr. Gal breath 之后感到很吃驚.由此判斷選 C 項.

　　4. 答案 D 【解析】 主旨大意題. 根據文章最后一句 Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.可知,作者想要 表達的是不要以貌取人.由此判斷選 D 項.

　　閱讀理解Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8,1942(300 years after the death of Galileo)in Oxford，England.His parents' house was in North London，but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.When he was eight，his family moved to St Albans，a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St All.School，and

　　then on

　　to

　　University College，Oxford，his

　　father's

　　old

　　college.Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his

　　father

　　would

　　have

　　preferred

　　medicine.Mathematics was not available at University College，so he did physics instead.Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in cosmology(宇宙論)．After gaining his PHD，he became first a research fellow，and later on a professional fellow at Gonville & Caius College.After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics，and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henryucas，who had been the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow，and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton.His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G．F.R.Ellis，General Relativity ：An Einstein Centenary Survey

　　with W．Israel，and 300 Years of Gravity with W．Israel.Stephen Hawking had two popular books published：his best seller A Brief History of Time，and his later book，Black Holes and Baby Universes and other essays.

　　“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all，”Hawking said.

　　1．Hawking's father would like Hawking to learn________.

　　A．mathematics

　　B．physics

　　C．medicine

　　D．cosmology

　　答案：C　根據第一段倒數第二句“Stephen wanted to do mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.”可知，父親想讓霍金學習醫學。

　　2．Which one of the following is NOT right about the description of Hawking?

　　A. Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death.

　　B．Hawking went to school at the age of eleven.

　　C．Hawking liked physics best when he was young.

　　D．Hawking，together with W．Israel wrote two of his works.答案：C　根據第一段的內容可知，斯蒂芬·霍金最早較喜歡數學，但學習了物理專業，是因為那所大學沒有數學專業。

　　3．All the people has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics except________.

　　A．Henry Lucas

　　B．Stephen Hawking

　　C．Isaac Barrow

　　D．Isaac Newton

　　答案：A　文章第二段中介紹了艾薩克·貝若，艾斯克·牛頓和斯蒂芬·霍金都擔任這個職務，故A項符合題意。

　　4．What Hawking said in the last passage means that________.

　　A. he would like to lead a simple life

　　B．he would devote his life to the research of the universe

　　C．he has understood the great law of the universe

　　D．it is easy for him to understand the universe

　　答案：B　聯系上下文和最后一段霍金所說的“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe...”反映了他獻身宇宙科學研究的決心。

　　5．The BEST title for this passage is most likely to be“__________”．

　　A．Hawking's happy familyB．Hawking and his colleagues

　　C．Hawking's great worksD．Hawking—a great scientist

　　答案：D　本文主要介紹了斯蒂芬·霍金的生平，他對宇宙科學理論的研究成果以及他獻身宇宙科學研究的決心，故D項符合題意。

　　閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的選項中選出最佳選項。體裁：科普文　話題：科學世360　時間：8′

　　Several years after it was introduced to the world，the advanced Japanese robot Asimo is still serving only as an experimentation.Even if available for the market，it would be too expensive for ordinary families.

　　It is much easier and cheaper to build a robot like Jibo，which uses simple movements and has the ability to interact with people through sound，pictures and touch.

　　Massachusetts

　　Institute

　　of

　　Technology researcher Cynthia Breazeal created Jibo first as a tool for exploring how people communicate with technology.

　　“Jibo as a robot is something that can move，with cameras that can move and see you and interact with you like a living thing，so to speak.It can bring satisfaction to life off the screen in an entirely new way，” explained Brezeal.

　　Jibo can remind you about appointments，take photos，entertain people and tell stories to children.It also has touch－sensitive(觸感的) technology.

　　“People often communicate through touch，so they might pat Jibo if it does something that they

　　like and Jibo can actually learn from that，” said Breazeal.

　　Doctors at Amici di Nico Autism Center，in

　　Lecce，Italy，use a small talking robot to treat autistic

　　(孤獨癥) children.

　　11year-old

　　Marco

　　has

　　shown

　　great

　　improvement in focusing and communication since he started playing with the robot that carefully keeps track of the child's behavior，said engineer Giuseppe Palestra.

　　“We would like to be one step ahead of state of the art，so that we can make the human－robot

　　interaction better，” said Palestra.

　　Researchers say they want to develop robots that can be programmed for individual patients，because each child reacts differently to outside

　　information.

　　French researcher Pierre Lebeau's family robot

　　Keecker was designed as an entertainment robot that can follow its owner around.

　　“I came up with the idea of a computer with a

　　projector (投影儀) inside and a great sound system

　　and a camera，something that can move and go to

　　any room to give me a kind of TV－like experience，but anywhere I want without the cables(電纜)，”said

　　Lebeau.

　　Researchers

　　say

　　robots

　　intended

　　for

　　entertainment may soon be on the market with prices

　　ranging from about $500 to $5，000—still expensive for ordinary buyers.Medical robots are still in the experimental period but they too point to what we can expect from artificial intelligence (人工智能) in the near future.

　　【語篇解讀】　民用機器人有望在不久的將來走入普通家庭。

　　1．Asimo hasn't come on the market mainly because it ________．

　　A．is too expensive

　　B．lacks too many functions

　　C．needs improvement

　　D．is actually not a success

　　答案　C　

　　2．What do you know about Jibo?

　　A．It was created for experiments.

　　B．It is the first family robot.

　　C．It is sold only within Japan.

　　D．It is equipped with a projector.

　　答案　A　

　　3．According to researchers，medical robots ________．

　　A．have been put into use widely

　　B．should be more individual

　　C．still can' t interact with humans

　　D．should have some character of art

　　答案　B　

　　4．Which robots could people probably buy on the market first?

　　A．Robots for treatment.

　　B．Robots made in Japan.

　　C．Robots as a waitress.

　　D．Robots for entertainment.

　　答案　D　

　　What can help you make a fortune in the future? Graduating from a top university might not be enough. A new study from the University of Essex in Britain has shown that the more friends you have in school, the more money you'll earn later.

　　The idea that popularity could have a serious impact on one's earning potential shouldn't come as too much of a surprise. The researchers noted that if you want to get ahead in life, social skills and networking are easily as powerful as talent and hard work.

　　“If a person has lots of friends, it means that he or she has the ability to get along with others in all kinds of different situations," said Xu Yanchun, 17, from Nantou High School in Shenzhen, who totally agreed with the recent finding. "Also, friends always help each other. They not only create wider social circles for you but lift your mood when you occasionally feel depressed," said Xu. She believed that all this helps you "earn a higher salary”.

　　Maybe that's why some people think the younger generations are in the age of Friendalholism (交友狂癥). A woman even complained that the networking website Face book's 5,000-friend limit was too low for her large reserve of social contacts.

　　But what does a friend mean? Should friends be regarded as a form of currency?

　　“Call me uncoil, but I think of a friend as an actual person with whom I have an actual history and whom I enjoy actually seeing. It seems, however, that this is no longer the definition (定義) of ‘friend',” said Meghan Daum, who works with The Los Angeles Times in the US.

　　(

　　) 1.The new study from the University of Essex in Britain shows that _________.

　　A. if you have more friends you will not live happily.

　　B. the more friends you have in school, the more money you'll earn in your late life.

　　C. the less friends you have, the poor lives you will live.

　　D. friends can make more money for you.

　　(

　　) 2. According to Xu Yanchun, when you have lots of friends, it means_____

　　A. You have the ability to earn more money.

　　B. You will not feel lonely.

　　C .You are quite content with your life.

　　D. You have the ability to get along with others in various situations.

　　(

　　) 3. What’s the main idea of the passage ?

　　A. The passage mainly tells us something about the friendship.

　　B. Friends plays an more important part in our daily life than anything else.

　　C. Friends are currency.

　　D. Friends give you success.

　　(

　　) 4. We can learn from the passage that _________.

　　A. If you have more friends, you can make a fortune in the future.

　　B. Graduating from college means that you can make a fortune in the future.

　　C. Friends means a form of currency.

　　D. Friends can make you wider social circle and make you feel better when you feel depressed.

　　【文章大意】：文章主要向人們講述了朋友在人們生活中的重要作用。你在上學時擁有越多的朋友，那么你以后就會有越多的財富。

　　1.【考點分析】細節理解題。

　　【參考答案】B。

　　【解題思路】從文中第一段的A new study from the University of Essex in Britain has shown that the more friends you have in school, the more money you'll earn later.可知研究表明“朋友越多，你以后就會掙越多的錢 ”。

　　2.【考點分析】細節理解題。

　　【參考答案】D。

　　【解題思路】文中第三段提到了Xu Yanchun的話，從話中我們可以知道“如果你有很多朋友說明你在不同環境中的適應能力很強”。故選D項 。

　　3.【考點分析】主旨大意題。

　　【參考答案】D。

　　【解題思路】通讀全文我們可知，文章主要講述了朋友能夠給你帶來財富，給你帶來成功。故D項總結的合理。