Unit 2　Cloning

　　(60分鐘81分)

　　Part A

　　一、閱讀理解(共8小題;每小題2分,滿分16分)

　　A

　　When Jeff Sparkman draws his cartoon superheroes with colored pencils,he often has to ask other people to tell him what color his masked men turned out to be because he’s color-blind.Now,a new smart phone application(app) can help him figure out what colors he’s using and how the picture looks to most everyone else.

　　The DanKam app,available for iPhone and Android for $2.99,is an application that turns the vague colors that one percent of the population with color-blindness sees into the “true” colors as everyone else sees them.In America,an estimated 32 million color-blind Americans—95% are males—can soon have their life improved.

　　“DanKam takes the stream of data coming in through the phone’s camera and changes the colors slightly so they fall within the range that people who are color-blind see,” developer Dan Kaminsky told CNET.He came up with the idea after watching the 2009 film Star Trek with a color-blind friend.

　　It was then that he got to know more about colorblindness like its varying types and degrees.A vast majority,for instance,have trouble seeing red or green due to a genetic defect(遺傳缺陷).Blue-yellow colorblindness,however,is rarer and develops later in life because of aging,illness or head injuries,etc.He started experimenting with one of the most common representations of points in the RGB color model.What the DanKam app attempts to do is to clean up the color space of the image or video signal so that colors can be visible to those suffering from viewing problems.“You can adjust the app to fit your needs.There is a range and not everyone who is color-blind sees things the same.” Says Kaminsky.

　　Sparkman,a copy editor at CNET,tried out the app and was pleased with the results.“It would be useful for dressing for a job interview,” he said.But using it for his art is “the most practical application”.It worked well on LED and other lights on electronic gadgets(裝置),which means Sparkman can now identify the power light on his computer display as green.

　　(2024·廣東七校聯考)

　　1.According to the first two paragraphs,we can know that DanKam .?

　　A.appeared in the movie Star Trek

　　B.can turn vague colors into real ones

　　C.is a phone used to help draw pictures

　　D.is designed to help people with colorblindness

　　2.How does DanKam app work?

　　A.It puts LED and other lights on electronic gadgets.

　　B.It changes the colors so that color-blind people can see them.

　　C.It checks color-blind people’s types and degrees of colorblindness.

　　D.It shows one of the most common representations of points in the RGB color model.

　　3.It can be inferred from the passage that colorblindness .?

　　A.cannot be cured by any methods

　　B.is more commonly seen in women

　　C.is not necessarily inborn disease

　　D.makes people unable to tell any colors

　　4.The underlined word “visible” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .?

　　A.portable B.enjoyable

　　C.adjustable D.recognizable

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文,介紹了DanKam 這款能夠幫助色盲人士辨別顏色的手機應用程序。

　　1.D　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句可知DanKam是一款幫助色盲人士辨別顏色的手機應用程序,故選D項。

　　2.B　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句可知,DanKam軟件通過微調顏色使之符合色盲人士的視覺區域,幫他們辨別顏色。

　　3.C　推理判斷題。由第四段第三句“Blue-yellow colorblindness,however,is rarer and develops later in life because of aging,illness or head injuries,etc.”可知,藍黃色盲可能是由外因引起的,因此色盲并不一定是一種天生的疾病。

　　4.D　詞義推測題。劃線詞所在句解釋了DanKam軟件的工作原理:通過清除圖片或錄像信號中的顏色空間使色盲人士也能看見各種顏色。因此visible意為“看得見的”。

　　B

　　“Plants were supposed to grow larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,but changes in temperature,humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide,”said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

　　45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.The researchers point out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats,caused by climate change,are possible reasons for the shrinking of creatures.

　　“We do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved,or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected,” the researchers said.“Until we understand more,we could be risking negative consequences that we can’t yet quantify.”

　　The change was big in cold-blooded animals.Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles (爬行動物) smaller.An increase of only 1℃ caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陳代謝).Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.Fish are smaller now too.Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers,experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth.There is a recent report on warmer temperatures’ negative effects on plankton (浮游生物),the base of the marine ecosystem.

　　Warm-blooded animals weren’t immune from the size change caused by climate change.Many birds are now smaller.Mammals have been miniaturized too.Soay sheep are thinner.Red deer are weaker.And polar bears are smaller,compared with historical records.This isn’t the first time this has happened in Earth’s history.

　　55 million years ago,a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees,spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years.That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

　　The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough,especially those with long generation times.So,it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in the future.

　　1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A.Why do some species become smaller?

　　B.Species become smaller as climate warms.

　　C.Climate change has many negative effects.

　　D.How does climate change in Earth’s history?

　　2.The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “”.?

　　A.beaten B.increased

　　C.strengthened D.equaled

　　3.Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that .?

　　A.climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals

　　B.all the animals on the Earth have become smaller

　　C.too many studies on animals’ sizes have been done

　　D.how climate change affects animals’ sizes has not been found clearly

　　4.What is the author’s attitude toward climate change?

　　A.Optimistic. B.Concerned.

　　C.Indifferent. D.Confident.

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文,介紹了全球氣候變暖導致的物種體型變小的現象。

　　1.B　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,第二段點明主題,即全球變暖導致物種變小。

　　2.A　詞義推測題。根據前面的轉折連詞but可以判斷,此處指氣候變暖所帶來的影響弊大于利,故A項最符合語境。

　　3.D　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句 “‘We do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved,or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected,’ the researchers said.”可知,研究者們尚不了解物種變小的具體原因。

　　4.B　觀點態度題。根據最后一段中的“So,it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者對氣候變暖帶來的負面影響持擔憂的態度。

　　二、語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

　　A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 1.(have) a close knock on October 22.He was so 2.(absorb) in his smartphone that he didn’t see a train approaching until it brushed past him,3.(throw) him to the ground.This should serve 4. a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings,especially 5. crossing roads.?

　　6.(lucky),the man survived,but the incident forced the driver 7.(stop) the train.An 18-minute delay followed the incident,8. led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.?

　　Smartphone 9.(addict) has spread like an infectious disease.It’s evident that it will do great harm to society.What’s even 10.(bad),some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.?

　　Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy,yet in fact people’s weakening self-control and self-discipline are to blame.

　　(2024·山東日照一中聯考)

　　1.had。根據下文中的was判斷此處用一般過去時,故填had。

　　2.absorbed。be absorbed in...“全神貫注于……”。

　　3.throwing。此處應用現在分詞throwing作結果狀語。

　　4.as。serve as“擔任,充當,起……的作用”。

　　5.when/while。空處引導時間狀語從句,狀語從句中省略了people are。故填when或while。

　　6.Luckily。此處應用副詞luckily修飾其后的整個句子。

　　7.to stop。force sb.to do sth.“強迫某人做某事”。本句中應用不定式作賓語補足語,故填to stop。

　　8.which。空處引導非限制性定語從句,且先行詞為incident,故填which。

　　9.addiction。根據空后的謂語動詞has spread判斷,此處應填addict的名詞形式addiction作句子的主語。

　　10.worse。what’s even worse“更糟的是”,常用來作插入語。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

　　An old man went to live with his son,daughter-in-law,and a four-year-old grandson.The family ate together at the dinner table.But the grandfather’s shaking hands and 　1　 sight made eating rather difficult:peas 　2　 his spoon(勺) onto the floor and milk spilled(濺) on the tablecloth.?

　　The son and daughter-in-law became 　3　 with the mess and set a small table for him.　4　 grandfather would break a dish or two,his food was served in a 　5　 bowl.?

　　The grandfather ate alone.　6　,when he dropped a knife or spilled food,the only words the couple had for him were 　7　 warnings.The four-year-old son watched it all 　8　.?

　　One evening,the father noticed his 　9　 playing with wood on the floor.He asked 　10　,“What’re you making?”Just as sweetly,the boy 　11　,“I’m making a bowl for you and mama to eat your food from 　12　 I grow up.” Tears down their cheeks,the parents were so 　13　.Though no word was spoken,　14　 knew what must be done.That evening the husband took grandfather’s hand and 　15　 led him back to the family table.?

　　16　 are really sensitive.Their eyes always 　17　,their ears always listen and their 　18　 always process the messages they absorb.If they see us patiently provide a peaceful home 　19　 for family members,they will naturally 　20　 it for the rest of their lives.The wise parent realizes that every day is being laid for the child’s future.?

　　1.A.rising B.failing

　　C.stopping D.increasing

　　2.A.rolled off B.took off

　　C.set off D.paid off

　　3.A.blamed B.annoyed

　　C.excited D.stressed

　　4.A.Once B.While

　　C.Even if D.Since

　　5.A.metal B.silk

　　C.wooden D.golden

　　6.A.Though B.Otherwise

　　C.Therefore D.Thus

　　7.A.elegant B.pleasant

　　C.sharp D.dark

　　8.A.in silence B.in public

　　C.in secret D.in particular

　　9.A.wife B.father

　　C.son D.grandson

　　10.A.clearly B.politely

　　C.quietly D.sweetly

　　11.A.shouted B.responded

　　C.returned D.cried

　　12.A.where B.when

　　C.how D.why

　　13.A.burnt B.surprised

　　C.ashamed D.encouraged

　　14.A.nobody B.all

　　C.none D.both

　　15.A.happily B.securely

　　C.calmly D.gently

　　16.A.Children B.Adults

　　C.Boys D.Parents

　　17.A.shine B.notice

　　C.observe D.hold

　　18.A.souls B.thoughts

　　C.memories D.minds

　　19.A.atmosphere B.mood

　　C.emotion D.appetite

　　20.A.cheer B.follow

　　C.adapt D.operate

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文,通過一則故事闡述了父母對孩子有潛移默化的影響。

　　1.B　根據上文可知,老人的手已經顫抖了,由此推測他的年齡很大,視力也應該衰退了。fail“衰退”,符合語境。

　　2.A　roll off“滑落”;take off“脫掉,起飛”;set off“出發”;pay off“還清”。根據語境可知,此處指豆子從勺子中滑落,故選A項。

　　3.B　根據下文中的“set a small table for him”可知,老人的兒子和兒媳對于老人總是將飯桌弄得一團糟很生氣。annoy“使惱怒”,符合語境。

　　4.D　根據語境可知,前后分句之間為因果關系,因此用since。

　　5.C　根據上文老人總是打碎碟子和下文老人的孫子制作木碗可知,兒子和兒媳用木碗給老人盛飯。

　　6.A　根據上下文可知,盡管老人獨自吃飯,但是在弄掉餐刀或弄灑食物時還是會受到兒子和兒媳的苛責。故用though表示轉折讓步。

　　7.C　然而,當他弄掉餐刀或弄灑食物時,從兒子和兒媳處得到的只是嚴厲的警告。sharp“嚴厲的,苛刻的”,符合語境。

　　8.A　根據語境可知,老人的孫子對父母對待爺爺的做法并未發表意見,只是默默地看著。故選A項。in silence“沉默地”;in public“當眾,公共地”;in secret“秘密地”;in particular“尤其,特別”。

　　9.C　根據語境可知,此處指父親問兒子在干什么。

　　10.D　根據下文中的“Just as sweetly”可知,父親是和顏悅色地向兒子問話。

　　11.B　根據下文中的“I’m making a bowl for you and mama to eat your food from 　12　 I grow up.” 可知,此處指兒子作出回答。respond“回答”。?

　　12.B　此處意為“我正在做一個碗,等我長大了給你和媽媽吃飯用”,故用when引導時間狀語從句。

　　13.C　聽了兒子的話后,父母流出了眼淚,再結合上文他們對老人的態度可知,這是悔恨羞愧的淚水,故選C項。ashamed“感到羞愧的”。

　　14.D　根據語境可知,空處指代上文的the parents,因此用both。

　　15.D　父母因兒子的言行有所觸動并決定做出改變,自然是變得關愛老人了。gently“溫和地,溫柔地”。

　　16.A　結合上文中的例子可知,父母的言行對孩子有潛移默化的影響。故選A項。

　　17.C　孩子的眼睛在觀察。observe“觀察”,符合語境。

　　18.D　他們的大腦會對接收的信息進行處理。

　　19.A　此處指“耐心地營造和睦的家庭氛圍”,故選A項。

　　20.B　如果他們看到我們耐心地為家庭成員營造和睦的家庭氛圍,他們自然會在以后的生活中追隨這種做法。follow“跟隨,追隨”,符合語境。

　　二、七選五閱讀填空(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)

　　Protecting your eyesight

　　Nowadays most people have bad eyesight.Don’t take your eyes for granted.Here are some tips on protecting your eyesight.

　　Eat for good vision.

　　Protecting your eyes starts with the food on your plate.Nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E may help avoid vision problems.　1　 You can choose green vegetables,eggs,beans and other non-meat protein sources.?