Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

　　話題詞匯

　　1.creative adj.富有創造力的

　　2.determination n.決心

　　3.humorous adj.幽默的

　　4.independent adj.獨立的

　　5.profession n.職業

　　6.qualification n.資格；學歷

　　7.be honored as被譽為……

　　8.be active in積極從事于

　　9.be admitted into a key university考上重點大學

　　10.think highly/well of對……高度評價

　　經典語篇

　　請根據下面人物簡介寫一篇短文：

　　姓名 屠呦呦 國籍 中國 職業 藥學家、科學家

　　主要經歷 1.1930年12月30日生于浙江寧波；

　　2.1951年考入北京大學，專攻/主修制藥專業，于1955年畢業；

　　3.畢業后接受中醫培訓兩年半，并一直在中國中醫研究院工作；

　　4.1972年成功發現并制成一種治療瘧疾的藥物——青蒿素而獲得多種獎項；

　　5.2024年10月5日，她被授予諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎，成為中國第一個獲得諾貝爾獎的女性科學家。

　　總結 我們要向她學習，投身科學研究。

　　注意：詞數100左右。

　　參考詞匯：中國中醫研究院/所China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine；瘧疾malaria

　　佳作欣賞

　　Tu Youyou，a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930.① In 1951，she was admitted into Beijing University，majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955.After graduation she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half② and she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，so that she won many big awards.③To our excitement and delight，she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 5th,2024，becoming the first Chinese woman who won the Nobel Prize④ .We are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.

　　思維發散

　　1.將第①句改為含有定語從句的復合句

　　Tu Youyou，who is a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930.

　　2.將第②句改為含有時間狀語從句的復合句

　　After she graduated，she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half.

　　3.將第③句中的so that從句改為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句

　　In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，for which she won many big awards.

　　4.將第④句中的定語從句改為短語作定語

　　becoming the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize

　　Ⅰ.重點單詞

　　A.寫作單詞

　　1.equal (adj.)平等的

　　2.importance (n.)重要；重要性

　　3.teaching (n.)(常作復數)教導；學說

　　4.thinker (n.)思想家

　　5.kindness (n.)善良

　　6.position (n.)職位

　　7.condition (n.)狀況；條件；環境

　　8.order (n.)秩序；(vt.)命令；訂購

　　orderly (adj.)秩序井然的

　　9.adviser (n.)顧問

　　advise (v.)建議

　　advice (n.)建議；意見

　　10.honesty (n.)誠實

　　honest (adj.)誠實的；直率的

　　honestly (adv.)誠實地

　　11.contribution (n.)貢獻

　　contribute (vt.)貢獻

　　12.invent (vt.)發明

　　invention (n.)發明

　　inventor (n.)發明家

　　13.argument (n.)爭論；辯論；議論

　　argue (vi.)爭論；辯論；議論

　　14.freedom (n.)自由

　　free (adj.)自由的

　　B.閱讀單詞

　　15.principle (n.)原則；準則

　　16.stress (vt.)強調

　　17.resign (vi.)辭職

　　18.justice (n.)公正

　　19.leather (n.)皮革

　　20.soft (adj.)柔軟的

　　21.category (n.)范疇；種類

　　22.fuel (n.)燃料

　　23.influential (adj.)有影響的

　　influence (n.& vt.)影響

　　Ⅱ.重點短語

　　1.be at war with與……交戰

　　2.bring up養育；撫養；提出；嘔吐

　　3.become interested in對……感興趣

　　4.be proud of為……自豪

　　5.in conclusion總之

　　6.for the first time首先；第一次

　　Ⅲ.經典句式

　　1.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.

　　己所不欲，勿施于人。

　　2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

　　但那也是一個產生了許多哲學家的時期。

　　3.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.

　　孟子認為，人之所以不同于動物，是因為人性本善。

　　4.Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.

　　19世紀末時，汽車首次被使用，其速度并不比馬跑得快。

　　Ⅳ.課文語法填空

　　There were many great philosophers in ancient China.

　　Confucius,1.who was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC，was the greatest philosopher.He stressed the 2.importance(important) of kindness，duty and order in society.3.His ideas affected Chinese society for over 2,000 years.

　　Mencius，born in 372 BC，was a student of Confucius’s ideas.So，his teachings were similar to 4.those of Confucius.He believed man was born good and 5.that people were more important than rulers.He wrote a book in his last years 6.named(name) The Book of Mencius.

　　Mozi，who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC，was also 7.an influential philosopher.In some ways，his ideas were similar to those of Confucius.For example，he 8.thought(think) government was most important.Mozi believed all men were 9.equal(equally).His idea of love 10.differed(different) from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.

　　1 equal adj.相同的，相等的?the same in...?；平等的；相當的；能勝任的?fit；capable?；n.同等的人；相等物；v.與……相等，等于?be the same in...?；比得上；抵得過?be as good as...?

　　[應試指導]　equally寫作關聯詞

　　?1?be equal in在……方面比得上

　　be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；與……相等；能勝任……

　　on equal terms在對等的條件下

　　without equal/have no equal無與倫比

　　A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B/與B相匹配

　　?2?equally adv.相等地；同樣地；平等地

　　?3?equality n.[U]相等；相同；平等

　　(1)The amount of radiation was equal to using a mobile phone for two half-hour periods per day.

　　輻射量相當于每天使用兩次、每次半小時的手機所接受的輻射。

　　(2)He is a player without equal.

　　他是個無與倫比的運動員。

　　(3)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.

　　他和我力氣相當但智力不等。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①He is equal to Tom in ability.

　　②The two countries had a conversation on equal terms.

　　③An equally(equal) important quality is tolerance.

　　④They live and work together in complete equality(equal) and brotherhood.

　　(2)As a holiday destination in winter，the Hainan Island has no equal.

　　作為冬天度假的目的地，海南島無疑是最佳選擇。

　　2

　　[多詞一義]　contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to，cause

　　?1?make a contribution/contributions to對……作出貢獻；捐款

　　?2?contribute vt.& vi.捐獻；捐助；是……的原因之一；貢獻；投稿

　　contribute...to...把……貢獻給……

　　contribute to有助于；導致?＝result in/lead to?；把時間投入到……

　　(1)Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?

　　你愿意為醫院建設基金捐款嗎？

　　(2)He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.

　　他在這次討論中提出很多好的想法。

　　[圖解助記]

　　多維訓練

　　(1)同義句改寫

　　Various factors contributed to his downfall.

　　Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused/brought about his downfall.

　　(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone (should) contribute(每個人都貢獻) whatever is in their minds.

　　3

　　[應試指導]　(1)on no condition位于句首的倒裝；(2)on condition that引導條件狀語從句；(3)condition后跟定語從句的考查

　　in good/bad condition身體好/不好；狀態好/不好

　　out of condition身體不好；狀態不佳

　　on condition that...條件是……

　　on no condition決不

　　(1)The MP4 is in good condition，looking like the newly bought one.

　　這臺MP4狀況良好，就跟新買的一樣。

　　(2)I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition.

　　我已好久沒鍛煉了，現在健康狀況欠佳。

　　(3)He spoke to reporters on condition that he was not identified.

　　在不披露身份的條件下，他接受了記者的采訪。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①The nearest hotel is in good condition.

　　②You must on no condition tell them the secret.

　　③She made it a condition that he (should) go with her.

　　④Can you imagine such conditions where you have nothing to live on for a week?

　　(2)同義句改寫

　　On no condition must you tell them the secret. (把上題句②改為倒裝句)

　　4

　　[應試指導]　“bring＋副詞”類語境詞義辨析

　　bring about引起；導致

　　bring down降低；減少

　　bring in帶進來；有收入；賺得；引入

　　bring out使顯現；闡明；出版

　　(1)He left her to bring up three young children on her own.

　　他留下她獨自撫養3個年幼的孩子。

　　(2)The new plan will bring down the inflation rate.

　　新計劃將降低通貨膨脹率。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)寫出下列句子中bring up的漢語意思

　　①Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.養育；撫養

　　②Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出

　　③Joe brought up what he had eaten.嘔吐

　　(2)短語填空

　　①The prices have been brought down so far.

　　②The economic reform brought about great changes in the lives of the common people.

　　③The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought in.

　　④Immediately after the book was brought out，it became a best-seller.

　　5

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①All teachers will take pride in the progress made by their students.

　　②She did well in every subject，but she never seemed to be proud of her achievement.

　　(2)一句多譯

　　她為能很好地完成一項工作而感到自豪。

　　①She is proud of doing a job well.(be proud of)

　　②She is proud to be able to do a job well.(be proud to do sth.)

　　③She is proud that she is able to do a job well.(be proud that...)

　　④She feels/takes pride in doing a job well.(feel/take pride in)

　　6

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①He concluded his speech with a famous saying.

　　②What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?

　　③In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

　　(2)一句多譯

　　從以上討論可得出兩個結論。

　　①Two conclusions can be drawn from the above discussion.

　　②There are two conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.

　　7 But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一個產生了許多哲學家的時期。

　　a time表示“一段時間”，相當于a period of time，后接when引導的定語從句。It/This/That/There was a time when...曾經一度?那時?……

　　(1)It was a time when motorcars were rare.

　　那時汽車是很罕見的。

　　(2)I still remember a time when I lived in Germany.

　　我仍記得在德國住過的那一段時間。

　　多維訓練

　　(1)單句語法填空

　　①It was after having her first child at a time when my mother was working as a lawyer that she decided to run for governor of the state.

　　②There was a time when this style of dress was popular with young girls.

　　(2)單句改錯

　　①How happy Marie is！It is the first time when she has seen pandas face to face，isn’t it？when→that

　　②Isn’t it time when children went to bed since it is too late？when→that

　　8 Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子認為，人之所以不同于動物，是因為人性本善。

　　reason常用句式：

　　the reason

　　the reason后是用why或for which還是用that或which，取決于其在從句中所承擔的句子成分。缺少主語、賓語、表語用that或which；缺少狀語用why或for which。

　　(1)The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.

　　他沒來的原因是他病了。

　　(2)The reason for this is that they want to see how we will act when we are not being controlled.

　　這樣做的原因是，他們希望看到當我們不被操縱時我們將如何行事。

　　多維訓練

　　單句語法填空

　　(1)The only reason why I came was that I wanted to meet your friends.

　　(2)The reason for the party is that it’s Sue’s birthday.

　　(3)Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？

　　Ⅰ.語境填詞

　　1.As for cheating in the exams，I will tell them the importance(重要性) of honesty.(2024·廣東)

　　2.Another argument(爭議) against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.(2024·廣東)

　　3.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position(職位).(2024·陜西)

　　4.“It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis，” says Thomas Serval，the French inventor(發明家).(2024·山東)