專題11

　　特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝及其他)

　　【易錯(cuò)雷區(qū)，步步為贏】

　　1． Kate，run a bit faster，______you can catch up with all of your classmates.

　　A．so

　　B.and

　　C.but

　　D．or

　　答案　B

　　2．________，so he didn't come to school last week.

　　A．Though he was ill

　　B.Being ill

　　C.Having been ill

　　D．He was ill

　　解析　考查并列句的用法。句意：他生病了，所以他上周沒能來上學(xué)。因?yàn)檫@里有并列連詞so，所以逗號(hào)前的句子不需要連詞，故排除A，既然前后是并列句所以逗號(hào)前也必須是句子，選項(xiàng)B、C是非謂語動(dòng)詞，故排除它們，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　答案　D

　　3． He had to sell his luxury car，________his company was in debt.

　　A．before

　　B.until

　　C.while

　　D.for

　　解析　考查并列句的用法。句意：他不得不賣掉自己的豪華車，因?yàn)樗墓矩?fù)債了。A(從屬連詞)在……之前；B(從屬連詞)直到；C(從屬連詞)當(dāng)……時(shí)，盡管，(并列連詞)然而；D(并列連詞)因?yàn)?，?duì)前一分句起補(bǔ)充說明作用。此題前一分句說“他不得不賣掉自己的豪華車”，“后一分句補(bǔ)充說明他賣車的原因是他的公司負(fù)債”，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　答案　D

　　4．________for his action on the playing field ，but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playing field.

　　A．Not he is only known

　　B．Not only is he known

　　C．Only is he known not

　　D．He is only not known

　　解析　考查倒裝句。句意：他不僅因?yàn)樵谇驁?chǎng)的行動(dòng)著名，還因?yàn)樵谇驁?chǎng)以外的事情著名?？芍渲惺褂昧薾ot only...but also 連接兩個(gè)句子。not only 位于句首時(shí)，not only 部分的主謂要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　答案　B

　　5．Relax yourself every day，________you'll be too tired to get good grades.

　　A．a(chǎn)nd

　　B．or

　　C．for

　　D．but

　　解析　考查并列句的用法。本題中含有特殊句式：祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句＝If引導(dǎo)的條件句＋主句。這個(gè)句型進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)換成：名詞短語＋連詞＋陳述句。如果原句中的連詞是and，那么可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)肯定的條件句；如果原句中的連詞是or，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)否定的祈使句。本句相當(dāng)于：If you don't relax yourself every day，you'll be too tired to get good grades.故選B項(xiàng)。

　　答案　B

　　6. Reality is not the way you wish things to be，nor the way they appear to be，________the way they actually are.

　　A．a(chǎn)s

　　B．or

　　C．but

　　D．a(chǎn)nd

　　答案　C

　　7．No sooner ________at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters.

　　A．has the star arrived B．the star has arrived

　　C．the star had arrived D．had the star arrived

　　解析　考查特殊句式中的倒裝。no sooner...than...一……就……，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，no sooner放句首，用部分倒裝，排除B、C；根據(jù)was可知，用過去完成時(shí)，排除A。故選D項(xiàng)。

　　答案　D

　　8． ________，Guo Mingyi makes his effort to help those in poverty.

　　A．Not rich although he is

　　B．In spite of not rich

　　C．Though not rich

　　D．As he is not rich

　　解析　考查狀語從句的省略。句意：雖然不富有，但是郭明義努力幫助那些貧窮的人。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在although不能用于倒裝句，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在in spite of后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在as表示讓步含義，需要用倒裝句，C項(xiàng)是省略的表達(dá)，完整的是though he is not rich，主從句的主語一致的時(shí)候，可以省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞，選C項(xiàng)。

　　答案　C

　　9． The door opened and there________.

　　A．entering our English teacher

　　B．entered our English teacher

　　C．did our English teacher enter

　　D．our English teacher entered

　　答案　B

　　10． Not until he failed in the last examination ________he should have spent more time on study.

　　A．did he realize B．he realized

　　C．did he not realize

　　D．he didn't realize

　　解析　考查倒裝句。句意：直到他在最后一次考試中失利，他才意識(shí)到他應(yīng)該在學(xué)習(xí)上多花些時(shí)間。not until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句置于句首，后面的主句用部分倒裝，前面是not until，后面是肯定句，選A項(xiàng)。

　　答案　A【名師點(diǎn)睛，易錯(cuò)起源】

　　易錯(cuò)起源1、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的正確運(yùn)用

　　例1．【2024·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

　　A. which B. that C. where D. how

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】根據(jù)分析：此句是It was…開頭且去掉It was，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一個(gè)完整意義上的句子，故判斷此句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)when we were returning home；強(qiáng)調(diào)句常用句型：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…?。句意：正是在我回家的時(shí)候我才意識(shí)到幫助別人于危難之時(shí)感覺是多么令人愉悅。

　　It was on september 1 st

　　he became a member of our school.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. /

　　D. till

　　【錯(cuò)誤解答】

　　A

　　【錯(cuò)解分析】 本句實(shí)際上是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句， 強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是on september 1st，若去掉It was…taht后，該句仍然成立。

　　【正確解答】

　　B

　　【名師點(diǎn)睛】

　　使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意如下幾點(diǎn):

　　1.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語:It is tomorrow that will hold the meeting.(that不能換成when)

　　It was on the sports ground that I found (that 不能換成where)

　　2.強(qiáng)調(diào)含有not...util...一結(jié)構(gòu)的句子時(shí)，要用 It is／was not until...that...結(jié)構(gòu)。that后的句子要 用肯定句，且須用陳述語序。

　　3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主語從句句型(指 “It+be+adj.／n.+that從句”類型)的異同點(diǎn):二者均有 It be ... that／who...之類的語言標(biāo)志。所不同的是:

　　(1)含有主語從句的句子譯為漢語時(shí)不可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之類的字眼，而強(qiáng)調(diào)則可以。

　　(2)含有主語從句的句子若刪掉 It be...that／who...則原句不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語意均不成立，而強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志仍然成立。如:It is ture that he once went to to Canada.(不可以去掉 It is及that，否則原句不成立)

　　It

　　was on December 11，典型例題at China became a member of WTO.(去掉was及that后原句仍然成立)

　　【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】

　　1.含有定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:仔細(xì)分析出at或 who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可無(結(jié)合it be來分析)，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則是定語從句。如:

　　It was in the lab that was set up by Mr.Smith that they finshed the experiment.(lab后的出at不可省略,因?yàn)槌鯽t引導(dǎo)定語從句，作該句的主語。句中第二個(gè)，that才是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的標(biāo)志。) 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)用“do/does／did+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:

　　He did come yesterday.他昨天的確來了。

　　易錯(cuò)起源2、倒裝句的正確運(yùn)用

　　例2．【2024·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.

　　A. she realized

　　B. has she realized

　　C. she has realized

　　D. did she realize

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：只有當(dāng)莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室的時(shí)候，她才意識(shí)到她把合同忘家里了。本題考查only位于句首，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句要主謂倒裝。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)和句意可知選D。

　　They have a good knowledge of English but little they know about German.

　　A. have

　　B. did

　　C. had

　　D. do

　　【錯(cuò)誤解答】

　　A

　　【錯(cuò)解分析】 本題中后一分句是從little開頭，因此是個(gè)倒裝句，又由于該句明顯是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用do.

　　【正確解答】

　　D

　　【名師點(diǎn)睛】

　　在下列情況下，句子要完全倒裝:

　　1.在there，here 引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語是be；exist 等表示狀態(tài)的詞。如:Hereisaseatforyou.Tom.

　　There stands a building on；the top of the mountain

　　2.在語氣詞there，here開頭的句子中，謂語是 come，be等。

　　如:There goes the bell!鈴響了!

　　Here comes your husband.你丈夫來了。

　　There you go again你又來這一套。

　　3.由副詞now,then,thus 引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語是 come,begin,be

　　如: Now comes your turn.

　　Thus ended the meeting.

　　4.在 in, out up, over, back等作狀語置于句首時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞是 come, go, rush, run 等的句子里。

　　如:Up and up the prices

　　Off went the horses

　　5.地點(diǎn)狀語提前，謂語是 be ,stand,lie 的句子中

　　如:In front of the door stood a boy.

　　On the ground lay a sick dog.

　　A. 在疑問句里。

　　Do you have an English class every day?

　　What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?

　　在特殊疑問句里，如果疑問詞作主語，則不用倒裝。

　　Who is in the next room?誰在隔壁房間？

　　What makes you so angry? 什么使你這么生氣？

　　B.在以so 開頭表示“也一樣”，和以nor或neither開關(guān)表示“也不一樣”的句子里。

　　I get up at seven and so does my brother.

　　He didn’t do it and neither did I.

　　C.在以 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, barely , rarely, nowhere, by no means, hot until, hardly (scarcely)... when ,no sooner... than 等否定或半否定意義的詞位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子里。

　　Never before have I met him.我以前從未見過他。

　　Seldom did the boy icad newspapers.這個(gè)孩子以前很少讀報(bào)。

　　Little do I dream of seeing wonderful seenery.我夢(mèng)想不到會(huì)看到這樣神奇的景色。

　　Not until midnight did it stop raining.雨一直下到半夜才停。

　　Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 他一進(jìn)屋就開始下雨了。

　　No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to wrok.他們一進(jìn)工廠就開始工作。

　　易錯(cuò)起源3、反意疑問句的用法

　　例3．（2024重慶卷 ）10.— I spent two weeks in London last summer.

　　—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay._____ you?

　　A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t

　　【答案】C

　　There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture,

　　?

　　A. didn’t they

　　B. don’t they

　　C. mustn’t they

　　D. haven’t they

　　【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A

　　【錯(cuò)解分析】 考生誤認(rèn)為是對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，故用“助動(dòng)詞”加主語的形式。本題實(shí)際上是考查must have done反意疑問句的用法。must have done表示到目前為止的情況，其反意疑問部分要用“haven’t + 主語”的形式；若句中有明確的時(shí)間狀語，則用“didn’t + 主語?！?/p>

　　【正確解答】 D

　　【名師點(diǎn)睛】

　　使用反意疑問句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意下列問題：

　　1.陳述部分包含有no，never，hardly，little等含有否定意義的詞時(shí)，附加問句用肯定形式(但不包括帶有否定意義的前后綴的詞，如dislike，unfair等)。

　　2.陳述句和附加問句的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情況：

　　(1)used to(過去常常)—usedn’t(或didn’t)；

　　(2)have(擁有)—haven’t(或don’t)；have(進(jìn)行某-動(dòng)作)—don’t; have(構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài))—haven’t;have to(不得不)—don’t；

　　(3)ought to(應(yīng)該)—oughtn’t；

　　(4)must(必須)—mustn’t must(必要)— needn’t； must be(表示猜測(cè))—be；must have done (對(duì)過去某一時(shí)間的事情推測(cè))—don’t；must have done(對(duì)發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè))—haven’t;must not(表示禁止)—may。

　　3.陳述句的主語為名詞或代詞時(shí)，附加問句的主語為相應(yīng)的人稱代詞；陳述句的主語為指示代詞 this、that、不定代詞nothing、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí)，附加問句的主語為小陳述句主語為指示代詞 these、those、不定代詞nobody、everbody、somebody等時(shí)，附加問句用they.

　　4.陳述部分若為“I／We don’t think(believe imagine，suppose，expect．．．) + 賓語從句”時(shí)，附加問句的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語應(yīng)和賓語從句的動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致，且用肯定式。但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語不是 I／We時(shí)，附加問句的構(gòu)成同普通的反意疑問句。

　　5.含有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反意疑問句中，附加問句的主語代詞永遠(yuǎn)是it.如:

　　It was last year that you graduated, wasn’t it?

　　易錯(cuò)起源4、省略句的用法

　　例4．（2024天津卷）________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.

　　A. Did he catch

　　B. should be catch

　　C. has he caught

　　D. Had he caught

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本題實(shí)際上是一個(gè)條件狀語從句的虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反。條件句中使用“過去完成式”，主句使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”；當(dāng)條件句中的if省略的時(shí)候，要把had提前形成部分倒裝。句義：如果他趕上了早班火車，他就不會(huì)開會(huì)遲到了。故D正確

　　【變式探究】The old tower must be saved,

　　__ the cost.

　　A. however

　　B. whatever

　　C. whichever

　　D. wherever

　　【錯(cuò)誤解答】A

　　【錯(cuò)解分析】本題考查連詞和省略句，補(bǔ)全句子后為“what ever the cost is”，此時(shí)答案一目了然。

　　【正確解答】B

　　【名師點(diǎn)睛】

　　在英語中，下列情況下一般可以用省略:

　　A.祈使句一般省略主語

　　(You) Don’t touch this knob.請(qǐng)不要隨便碰這個(gè)把手

　　(You) Come in,please! 請(qǐng)進(jìn)來

　　(You) Be quiet !安靜

　　B. 某些句子結(jié)構(gòu)省略謂語

　　She gets up earlier than I ( get up) every day.她每天起床比我早。

　　( Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想見什么人嗎?

　　I like music and he (likes) sports. 我喜歡音樂，他喜歡體育。