河南孟津縣2024高考英語一輪閱讀理解選練（一）

　　（2024高考訓練）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的選項中選出最佳選項。體裁：科普文　話題：科學世360　時間：8′

　　Several years after it was introduced to the world，the advanced Japanese robot Asimo is still serving only as an experimentation.Even if available for the market，it would be too expensive for ordinary families.

　　It is much easier and cheaper to build a robot like Jibo，which uses simple movements and has the ability to interact with people through sound，pictures and touch.

　　Massachusetts

　　Institute

　　of

　　Technology researcher Cynthia Breazeal created Jibo first as a tool for exploring how people communicate with technology.

　　“Jibo as a robot is something that can move，with cameras that can move and see you and interact with you like a living thing，so to speak.It can bring satisfaction to life off the screen in an entirely new way，” explained Brezeal.

　　Jibo can remind you about appointments，take photos，entertain people and tell stories to children.It also has touch－sensitive(觸感的) technology.

　　“People often communicate through touch，so they might pat Jibo if it does something that they

　　like and Jibo can actually learn from that，” said Breazeal.

　　Doctors at Amici di Nico Autism Center，in

　　Lecce，Italy，use a small talking robot to treat autistic

　　(孤獨癥) children.

　　11year-old

　　Marco

　　has

　　shown

　　great

　　improvement in focusing and communication since he started playing with the robot that carefully keeps track of the child's behavior，said engineer Giuseppe Palestra.

　　“We would like to be one step ahead of state of the art，so that we can make the human－robot

　　interaction better，” said Palestra.

　　Researchers say they want to develop robots that can be programmed for individual patients，because each child reacts differently to outside

　　information.

　　French researcher Pierre Lebeau's family robot

　　Keecker was designed as an entertainment robot that can follow its owner around.

　　“I came up with the idea of a computer with a

　　projector (投影儀) inside and a great sound system

　　and a camera，something that can move and go to

　　any room to give me a kind of TV－like experience，but anywhere I want without the cables(電纜)，”said

　　Lebeau.

　　Researchers

　　say

　　robots

　　intended

　　for

　　entertainment may soon be on the market with prices

　　ranging from about $500 to $5，000—still expensive for ordinary buyers.Medical robots are still in the experimental period but they too point to what we can expect from artificial intelligence (人工智能) in the near future.

　　【語篇解讀】　民用機器人有望在不久的將來走入普通家庭。

　　1．Asimo hasn't come on the market mainly because it ________．

　　A．is too expensive

　　B．lacks too many functions

　　C．needs improvement

　　D．is actually not a success

　　答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據第一段“...the advanced Japanese robot Asimo is still serving only as an experimentation.”可知，這個機器人仍處于實驗階段，由此可推知它還需要改進。]

　　2．What do you know about Jibo?

　　A．It was created for experiments.

　　B．It is the first family robot.

　　C．It is sold only within Japan.

　　D．It is equipped with a projector.

　　答案　A　[細節理解題。根據第三段“...created Jibo first as a tool for exploring how people communicate with technology.”可知，機器人Jibo是為了實驗而被制造出來的。]

　　3．According to researchers，medical robots ________．

　　A．have been put into use widely

　　B．should be more individual

　　C．still can' t interact with humans

　　D．should have some character of art

　　答案　B　[細節理解題。根據倒數第四段內容可知，研究者認為機器人應該被改進得更適合個體病人。]

　　4．Which robots could people probably buy on the market first?

　　A．Robots for treatment.

　　B．Robots made in Japan.

　　C．Robots as a waitress.

　　D．Robots for entertainment.

　　答案　D　[細節理解題。根據最后一段“Researchers say robots intended for entertainment may soon be on the market...”可知，最先投放市場的有可能是用于娛樂的機器人。]

　　高考英語沖刺閱讀理解。

　　請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Wugging, or web use giving, describes the act of giving to charity at no cost to the user. By using Everyclick. com, which is being added to a number of university computers across the UK this week, students can raise money every time they search, but it won’t cost them a penny.

　　Research shows that students are enthusiastic about supporting charity, 88% of full time students have used the Internet to give to charity. This figure is high, considering this age group is often the least likely to have disposable(可支配的)income. 19% of 22 to 24 years old have short-term debts of more than ￡ 5，000. With rising personal debt levels in this age group, due to university tuition fees or personal loans and a lack of long-term savings, traditional methods of donating to charity are often not appealing or possible.

　　Beth Truman, a 21-year-old recent university graduate has used Everyclick. com to donate to her chosen charity, the RSPCA, for two years and has seen the‘wugging’movement grow popular with students. “When you’re at university you become more socially aware, but it’s sometimes hard to give to others when you have little money yourself.” says Beth. “Wugging is great for people in this age group as it allows them to use the technology on a daily basis to give it to charity, without costing them a single penny.”

　　Wugging is perfect for people who want to be more socially aware and supportive but don’t feel they have the means to do so. Students using the web can generate money for causes they care about without it costing them anything in terms of time or money, and charities get a valuable source of funding.

　　Everyclick. com works like any other search engine, allowing users to search for information, news and images but users can identify which of the UK’s 170，000 charities they would like to support through their clicks. Everyclick. com then makes monthly payments to every registered charity. Launched in June 2005 Everyclick. com is now the eighth largest search engine and one of the busiest charity websites in the UK.

　　1. According to the passage Everyclick. com contributes to charity________.

　　A. without taking any money from users

　　B. by receiving money from students

　　C. by directly offering information to students

　　D. by advertising on their website

　　答案解析：答案為A。本題為細節題。由第一段最后一句話 “…students can raise money every time they search, but it won’t cost them a penny.” 和第三段最后一句話 “Wugging is great for people in this age group as it allows them to use the technology on a daily basis to give it to charity, without costing them a single penny.” 可知，Everyclick. Com對慈善事業作貢獻不收取捐助人的費用，故答案為A。

　　2. How does Beth Truman think of the“wugging”movement?

　　A. It makes Everyclick. com popular in the UK.

　　B. It makes giving to charity easy.

　　C. It is a common way to promote the students’social awareness.

　　D. It stresses the importance of charity in people’s daily lives.

　　答案解析：答案為B。本題為細節推理題。由第三段最后一句話 “…as it allows them to use the technology on a daily basis to give it to charity, without costing them a single penny.” 可知，答案為B。

　　3. From the passage, we can conclude that ________.

　　A. more full time students contribute to charity on the Internet every day

　　B. Everyclick. com helps students pay for the college education

　　C. “wugging”is a win-win idea for both students and charities

　　D. Everyclick.com is the most successful search engine in the UK

　　答案解析：答案為C。本題為推理題。由倒數第二段 “Students using the web can generate money for causes they care about without it costing them anything in terms of time or money, and charities get a valuable source of funding.”可知，學生可以依靠該網站為慈善事業捐錢而不花費時間或金錢，慈善事業也可以得到珍貴的基金源，該網站為學生和慈善事業創造了雙贏，故答案為C。

　　4. What would be the best title for this passage?

　　A. “Wugging”, A New Popular Term on the Internet

　　B. British People Show Strong Interest in Charities

　　C. More Britain Charities Benefit from the Internet

　　D. Students Raise Money for Charity by“Wugging”

　　答案解析：答案為D。本題考查文章的標題。通讀全文可知，“Wugging” 、“Students”和“Charity”是全文話題的三個主要要素，故標題為D選項，最能概括全文的大意。

　　高考英語沖刺閱讀理解。

　　請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization（最佳化）compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format（格式）that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the related considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

　　Since most important problems are multifaceted(多方面的)，there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a clear statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?”

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

　　B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.

　　C. Research on how people make decisions.

　　D. Difference between long-range and short-range decision-making.

　　答案解析：答案為A。本題為主旨大意題。文章第一段開頭就點出了討論的話題 “Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, … involves the use of a decision worksheet.”，幫助做重要決定的決策工作表Of the following steps, which occurs before the three other steps in making a decision worksheet?

　　A. Listing the consequences of each solution.

　　B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.

　　C. Deciding which consequences are most important.

　　D. Writing down all possible solutions.

　　答案解析：答案為D。本題為細節題。由第一段 “Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.”可知，盡管決策工作表決策工作表 “Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, …” 可以推斷，第一步就是定義問題并列舉所有解答問題的方法，因此答案為D。

　　3. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that ______.

　　A. has the fewest variables to consider

　　B. uses the most decision worksheets

　　C. has the most points assigned to it

　　D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people

　　答案解析：答案C。本題為細節推理題。由第一段 “Advocates of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions.”和“The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.”兩句話，可知最佳決策是得分最高的那個，因此答案為C。

　　4. The author develops the discussion in para. 1 by means of ______.

　　A. describing a process

　　B. classifying types of worksheets

　　C. providing historical background

　　D. explaining a theory

　　答案解析：答案為A。本題為推理題。結合前面第2、3題的分析可知，作者在第一段開始介紹了決策工作表決策工作表B選項對決策工作表分類C選項提供歷史背景D選項解釋一種理論顯然都不是作者的寫作手法The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” in the last paragraph to explain that _______.

　　A. most decisions involve seven steps

　　B. human mental capacity has limitations

　　C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions

　　D. people can keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

　　答案解析：答案為B。本題為句意理解題。結合該句子的上下文 “One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships.” 可知，決策工作表決策工作表MUMBAI, India —The children in their party clothes on the stage were very excited when they received the award. And the two of them said, "It’s unbelievable!"

　　Nine-year-old Rubina Ali, and Azharuddin Ismail, 10, were living a very different life and apparently loving every minute of it. The two, some of the child stars of the Oscar-winning Slumdog Millionaire (《貧民窟的百萬富翁》)movie, know the Indian slums very well. That was where they grew up, and it is where they will return at the end of their Hollywood dream trip.

　　But before going back home, there was an interview with the host, Ryan Seacrest. During the interview they smiled and repeated their disbelief at what was happening to them. To their surprise, their movie won the first place in the Oscars. When the two received the award, it was late morning in the children’s home city of Mumbai, where their family, friends and many fellow residents of the slums watched the results from Hollywood.

　　"I don’t really know what the Oscars are," Rubina’s mother said. "I’m just glad my daughter looks happy, though she told me she missed Indian food."

　　"Our children lead a dog’s life," Rubina’s mother said, pointing at the rubbish everywhere, the open drains (下水道) and the lack of education opportunities.

　　In a few days they will be back in Mumbai and back in the slums. Fortunately, according to media reports, the movie’s director, Danny Boyle, has promised to help the children he chose from the slums go to a proper school.

　　The two don’t need to worry about their daily lives because of the Oscar success of Slumdog Millionaire. But the poverty and lack of education opportunities —the central theme of the movie —is always all around.