2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)（專題攻略）之時態(tài)語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時（含解析）
1. 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，常用recently, lately, ever, never, once, before, yet, just等作時間狀語。
He hasn't heard any news from his son lately. 他最近沒有得到他兒子的任何信息。
Have you ever been to London? 你曾去過倫敦呢？
2. 表示開始于過去某一時刻，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用so farup till now, since, for a long time, in the past/last few years, these days等作時間狀語。
So far no life has been found outside the earth.迄今為止，沒有在地球外的星球上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命。
He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.自從他上大學(xué)以來已經(jīng)學(xué)會了5,000英語單詞。
“This/It is＋the ＋序數(shù)詞＋time ＋that...”句式中，that后的從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。
This is the second time that I have visited the university.
這是我第二次參觀這所大學(xué)。
非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
I haven''t received his letter for almost a month.since與for用法比較
since 用來說明動作起始時間
for 用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度
I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born.. 我從出生起就住在這里。
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個小診所工作。
誤區(qū)提醒
并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
?I worked here for more than twenty years. 我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。
?I have worked here for many years. 現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。
1. 用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
?He has completed the work. (表結(jié)果)
?I''ve known him since then. (表經(jīng)歷)
2用于till / until從句的差異
?延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示"做直到"； 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示"到，才"
He didn''t come back until ten o''clock.
直到十點鐘他才回來。
He slept until ten o''clock.
他睡到了十點鐘。
常見考法
1. 把考察放在從句中增加難度
2. 和被動語態(tài)放在一起考察；
3. 根據(jù)狀語確定時態(tài)
4. 用現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
誤區(qū)提醒
1. 現(xiàn)在完成和一般過去弄混；
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的句型不熟悉；
3. 不能根據(jù)狀語選定現(xiàn)在完成時。
1. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
2. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
—Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
3. —Do you know our town at all?
—No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
【答案及解析】
1. 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，常用recently, lately, ever, never, once, before, yet, just等作時間狀語。
He hasn't heard any news from his son lately. 他最近沒有得到他兒子的任何信息。
Have you ever been to London? 你曾去過倫敦呢？
2. 表示開始于過去某一時刻，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用so farup till now, since, for a long time, in the past/last few years, these days等作時間狀語。
So far no life has been found outside the earth.迄今為止，沒有在地球外的星球上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命。
He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.自從他上大學(xué)以來已經(jīng)學(xué)會了5,000英語單詞。
“This/It is＋the ＋序數(shù)詞＋time ＋that...”句式中，that后的從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。
This is the second time that I have visited the university.
這是我第二次參觀這所大學(xué)。
非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
I haven''t received his letter for almost a month.since與for用法比較
since 用來說明動作起始時間
for 用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度
I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born.. 我從出生起就住在這里。
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個小診所工作。
誤區(qū)提醒
并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。
?I worked here for more than twenty years. 我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。
?I have worked here for many years. 現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。
1. 用于完成時的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
?He has completed the work. (表結(jié)果)
?I''ve known him since then. (表經(jīng)歷)
2用于till / until從句的差異
?延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示"做直到"； 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示"到，才"
He didn''t come back until ten o''clock.
直到十點鐘他才回來。
He slept until ten o''clock.
他睡到了十點鐘。
常見考法
1. 把考察放在從句中增加難度
2. 和被動語態(tài)放在一起考察；
3. 根據(jù)狀語確定時態(tài)
4. 用現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
誤區(qū)提醒
1. 現(xiàn)在完成和一般過去弄混；
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的句型不熟悉；
3. 不能根據(jù)狀語選定現(xiàn)在完成時。
1. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
2. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
—Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
3. —Do you know our town at all?
—No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
【答案及解析】
