2024年高考英語考前閱讀、完型與寫作(命題揭秘)之書面表達:思路點撥(含解析)
如果把文章比作成一座大廈,那么適當的詞匯量和基本的句型等就是磚瓦等,這些都離不開平時的積累。如果這些基礎的東西不具備,優美的作文只能是空中樓閣,毫無現實意義。因此,除了平時注意實際的詞匯積累外,還要學會基本句型的使用方法,具體都哪些基本句型必須會被涉及到的呢?在這里我們梳理了一下,大概有五本基本句型是高考作文中所必考的,以便大家參考使用。
五大基本句型:
基本句型1 主謂結構
此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
【鞏固練習1】
1.她昨天晚上回家很晚。
2.會議將持續兩個小時。
3.在過去的十年里,我的家鄉已經發生了巨大變化。
4.每天八點開始上課。
5.這個盒子重五公斤。
【答案】
1..She went home very late yesterday evening.
2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
4. Classes begin at eight every day.
5. This box weighs five kilos.
主語可有修飾語—定語,謂語可有修飾語—狀語。如:
1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3. We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. She sat there alone,reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating.
【鞏固練習2】
6. 會議有可能開兩個半小時。
7. 我所就讀的學校坐落在那個美麗的湖邊。
8. 她盼望已久的機會終于到來了。
9. 他把書放在書包里,而書包卻找不到了。
10. 正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了。
【答案】
6. he meeting will last two and a half hours.
7. The school where I study lies by the beautiful lake.
8. The chance which she wanted to get for a long time came at last.
9. He put the books in the schoolbag,but the schoolbag disappeared.
10. The sleeping baby smiles.
基本句型2 主系表結構
本結構是由主語+系動詞+表語組成,主要用以說明主語的特征,類屬,狀態,身份等。系動詞有:
1. 表示特征和存在狀態的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound。
2. 表示狀態延續的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand。
3. 表示狀態變化的
become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow。
Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
We feel used to living in big cities.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Their boss seems satisfied with the work.
【鞏固練習】
1. 冬季白天短,夜晚長。
2. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。
3. 孩子們很少保持安靜。
4. 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。
5. 這個報告聽起來很有意思。
【答案】
1. In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.
2. At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.
3. Children seldom keep quiet.
4. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5. The report sounds interesting.
主系表句型的幾個特例:
1. As in China,the weather is different from area to area.
2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.
3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.
4. It is kind of you to say so.
5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike.
基本句型3 主謂賓結構
本結構是由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語構成。 賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結構異常復雜。如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don't know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven't decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
【鞏固練習】
1. 這本書他讀過多次了。
2. 他們成功地完成了計劃。
3. 那位先生能流利地說三種語言。
4. 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。
5. 他不知道說什么好。
【答案】
1.He has read this book many times.
2.They have carried out the plan successfully.
3. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
4. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
5. He did not know what to say.
基本句型4 雙賓語結構
說明:此結構由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(事物)”組成。如:
He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先說出直接賓語(事物),后說間接賓語(人),則要借助于介詞to或for。如:
He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to側重指動作的方向,表示朝著,向著,對著某人。
用for 側重指動作的受益者,表示為了某人,替某人。
常跟雙賓語的動詞有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;(需借助for 的) buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。
【鞏固練習】
1. 奶奶昨晚給我講了一個有趣的故事。
2. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎?
3. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎?
4. 新式機器將會為你節省許多勞動。
5. 他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。
【答案】
1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
2. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
3. Shall I call you a taxi?
4. The new machine will save you a lot of labour.
5. He bought a new coat for his mother with his first month's salary.
基本句型5 復合賓語結構
說明: 此結構由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系或主表關系或動賓關系,若無賓語補足語,則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補的有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,分詞等。如:
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用it做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面,使句子結構平衡,是英語常用的句型結構形式。即:主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如:
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
【鞏固練習】
1. 我們叫她Alice。
2. 衛兵命令我們立即離開。
3. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。
4. 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。
5. 我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。
【答案】
方法一 列舉具體的實例來補充說明
1.我喜歡體育運動。
I like sports very much.
→I like sports very much,such as basketball and football.
2.青少年應盡我們所能保護環境、拯救地球。
We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth.
→ We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth. For example,we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags,refuse to use singleuse products,plant more trees and save water and energy.
方法二 添加與所給信息有關的神態、動作、心理描寫及背景渲染等內容
1. 晚飯后,這個男的走向臥室。
After supper,the man went to his bedroom.
→ After a rich meal,the fat man slowly made his way to his bedroom.(神態、動作)
2. 我看到了一些不良行為。
I found some bad behavior.
→
I found some bad behavior.I was quite disappointed to find some bad behavior.(心理)
方法三 添加與所給信息有關的原因,結果,條件,讓步,手段,目的等內容
1.Tracy 來電話留言:咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)見面取消。
拓展:因為她有重要的事情處理。(原因)
Tracy called,saying that she couldn't meet you at Bolton Coffee.
→ Tracy called,saying that she couldn't meet you at Ban Coffee,as she has something important to attend to.
2.幫助鄰里的孩子補習英語。
拓展:孩子們進步很快,我也受到他們父母的稱贊。(結果)
I also helped children in the neighborhood with their English lessons.
→
I also helped children in the neighborhood with their English lessons.To my joy,they made rapid progress and their parents thought highly of me.
方法四 結尾發揮,寫你的感受,評價,愿望,倡議等
1.Although I stood all the way home,I felt very happy for what I did.
2.I think such activities are necessary and meaningful.
(一) 仔細審題,吃透要求。
審題是非常重要的一個環節,包括審要求、審文體、審人稱、審時態等。
(二) 要點齊全,滴水不漏。
一篇高分或者滿分書面表達必須要點齊全,遺漏要點要扣分,。要想做到要點齊全,在動手寫作之前,必須先把試題中所有要點以提綱式列出來,然后把它們組成句子,再根據邏輯關系重新排列順序。
(三) 開頭出彩,結尾精妙。
現在的高考書面表達對于開頭和結尾的命題有兩種形式。一種是提供了開頭和結尾,特別是應用文體,命題者并不在寫作格式上對考生進行考查。另一種就是需要考生自己來組織開頭和結尾。
好的開始是成功的一半,開好頭、起好步對書面表達至關重要,好的開頭會讓閱卷老師的眼睛為之一“亮”。開頭常見方式包括開門見山、以俗語諺語或直接引語引出等,當然也可以以疑問句、套語開頭。
文章能否得高分,關鍵還要看結尾,好的結尾能起到畫龍點睛的作用。文章的結尾應根據不同體裁而定,或總結全文,或表明對所敘述人或事的態度,適可而止,但千萬不能草草收場,結尾要顯得水到渠成。
(四)詞匯高級,結構復雜。
在一篇書面表達中能有幾個復雜結構和高級詞匯,勢必能提升文章的檔次,得高分或者滿分。因此書面表達要講究表達的藝術,從用詞到句型的選擇,都必須避免千篇一律,比如:同義詞、同義結構、反義詞、反義結構、祈使句、疑問句、感嘆句、簡單句、復合句、倒裝句、省略句、平行結構等,要有選擇地恰當應用,提高得分檔次。
(五)過渡自然,行文流暢。
過渡性詞匯是用來連接詞與詞、句與句、段與段的連接詞,它不僅使句子結構對稱和諧,文章層次清晰分明,還可增加文章的連貫性、邏輯性和可讀性,更重要的是還能夠增加文章的得分。常見的連接詞有:
a.表示轉折關系的詞:
but,however,yet,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,nevertheless,otherwise,after all等。如:
It rarely rains in the north,but on the other hand it rains a lot in the south.
b.表示因果關系的詞:
since,as,because,so,thus,therefore,as a result,so that等。如:
These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.
c.表示條件關系的詞:
if,on condition that,so/as long as,unless,or else,or等。如:
I'll come on condition that I'm invited.
d. 表示時間關系的詞:
when,while,after,before,until,as soon as,the moment, the minutem, immediately, no sooner...than,hardly...when,lately,recently,since,ever since,from now on,from then on, later, soon等。
例如:
Strike while the iron is hot.
e.表示空間順序的詞:
on the right/left,at the top/foot/of,in the middle of,in front of,at the back of,next to,on one side,here,there等。例如:
At the foot of the mountain lies a river.
f.表示順序關系的詞:
above all,first of all,firstly,first,secondly,second,then,next,finally,in the end等。
例如:
And above all,remember to send us your new address.
g.表示并列關系的詞:
both...and,either...or,neither...nor,or,and,also,too,as well as等。
例如:
I'm learning French as well as English.
h.表示遞進關系的詞:
even,what's more,besides,what's worse,furthermore,also,to make the matter worse等。
例如:
I don't want to go;besides,I'm tired.
i.表示讓步關系的詞:
though,although,as,even if/though,whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever,no matter who/what/when/where等。例如:
We'll have to finish the job,no matter how long it takes.
j.表列舉事實的詞:
for example/instance,such as,take...for example,that is to say,as follows,and so on等。
例如:
The government has reduced spending in several areas,for example,education and health.
k.表示總結性的詞:
in short,in brief,in a word,on the whole,in general,all in all等。
例如:
In short,the film is the best I've ever seen.
l.插入語:
I think,I believe,as far as I know,as we all know等。
例如:
He is not a teacher,I think.
(一)使用較高級的詞匯
1. When he spoke more,he felt more excited.
→The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.
2. Because the weather was good,our journey was comfortable.
→Thanks to the good weather,our journey was comfortable.
3. We all think he is a great man.
→We all think highly of him.
4. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.
→A good idea occurred to me./ A good idea suddenly struck me.