Unit 6　Design

　　需寫準(zhǔn)記牢的單詞——記其形、明其義抽象的深?yuàn)W的直的直直接畫家；藝術(shù)家視力目的意圖式樣模式在市區(qū)往市區(qū)市區(qū)的需舉一反三的單詞——知其性、通其變想象；想象力→imagine

　　想象→imaginative 富有想象2．pain n．痛苦；疼痛→painful 痛苦的疼痛的→painfully 痛苦地展覽會(huì)→exhibit 展覽顯示詩(shī)(總稱)→poem ．詩(shī)→poet ．詩(shī)人貴重的有價(jià)值的→value ．價(jià)值；評(píng)價(jià)典型的→type ．類型優(yōu)雅地→elegant

　　優(yōu)雅的高雅的細(xì)節(jié)詳情→detailed 詳細(xì)的宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的→religion ．宗教；宗教信仰(書寫或印刷的)字字體→characteristic 典型的特有的特征特點(diǎn)11．relate vt.把……與……聯(lián)系起來→related

　　有聯(lián)系的；相關(guān)的→relation

　　．關(guān)系；聯(lián)系慈悲憐憫同情心→merciful 仁慈的；寬容的洗澡；沐浴→bath ．洗澡；沐浴狹窄的→narrowly 狹窄地結(jié)論；結(jié)束→conclude 結(jié)束；推斷需會(huì)讀明義的單詞——識(shí)其形、知其義畫家；油漆匠(色彩的)濃淡；陰影汗青春；年輕人昆蟲動(dòng)物；(有特性或特質(zhì)的)人淺的岸邊特征特色雕像城堡建筑師毀壞毀滅墳?zāi)钩醭瘡R宇寺廟(總稱)珠寶村舍小屋租金潮濕的車庫(kù)垃圾廢物窗簾

　　1．fix_one's_eyes_on 注視凝視陷入沉思

　　被用作…… 屏住呼吸有幾分地

　　(to)

　　追溯(到)

　　到目前為止

　　同……有……關(guān)系 試用試驗(yàn)把……增加/增添到……向……揮手告別 以……的形式 比……多；不只是夢(mèng)想

　　1．[教材原句]Qi Baishi's style of painting often

　　leaves_the_audience_guessing

　　and makes them use their imagination.齊白石的繪畫作品的風(fēng)格常給觀賞者留出運(yùn)用想象力解讀其內(nèi)涵的余地。[句式解讀]leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) “使……處于……狀態(tài)”。[教材原句]Our house would be white

　　with_trees_around_it,_我們的房子應(yīng)該是白色的樹木環(huán)繞有一個(gè)大花園草隨意生長(zhǎng)沒有籬笆阻隔。[句式解讀]with＋復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。[教材原句]But the house on Mango Street is not

　　the_way

　　they described it at all.

　　但是芒果街上的房子根本不是他們所描述的那樣。[句式解讀]way(方式)后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞通常用that, 或不填。[教材原Out_back_is_a_small_garage

　　for the car

　　we don't own yet and a small yard that looks smaller between the two buildings on either side.

　　出門往后院走有一間小車庫(kù)但現(xiàn)在我們還沒有車。還有一個(gè)小院子夾在兩邊的高樓中顯得更小。[句式解讀]完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。It's_finally_our_turn_to_do

　　the wallboard in the school hall!

　　最后輪到我們做學(xué)校禮堂的墻報(bào)！[句式解讀]It is one's turn to do sth. “輪到某人做某事了。”

　　[重難·搶分型詞匯——合作學(xué)會(huì)]

　　1pain　．疼痛；痛苦；辛苦；努力[高考佳句](2024·重慶高考閱讀A)I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, pain was really unbearable.

　　我本來認(rèn)為我能堅(jiān)持到牙醫(yī)度假回來但疼痛真的無法忍受。(1)have pains/a pain in　……部位疼在痛苦中；在苦惱中

　　不遺余力全力take pains to do sth.

　　盡力/費(fèi)苦心/下苦功做某事不勞無獲。(2)painful adj.

　　疼痛的；痛苦的痛苦地I had a sharp pain in my lower back.

　　我感到后腰一陣劇痛。She cried out in pain when her tooth was pulled out.

　　她拔牙時(shí)痛得叫了起來。We must spare no pains to finish the task on time.

　　我們必須不遺余力地按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。If you want to succeed in the work, you must take pains to do it.

　　如果你想在工作中取得成功必須要下苦功。[名師指津]　pain指精神上的痛苦時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞；指肉體上的疼痛時(shí)可數(shù)、不可數(shù)均可；指“辛苦、刻苦、努力”時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空(2024·福建高考寫作)We should take pains to_improve (improve) ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. (2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ完形)He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.(pain) and ineffective.

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ完形) This led to some painfully experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.painfully→painful2．ruin　．[U]毀滅；毀壞vt.(使)毀壞；毀滅；成為廢墟；使破產(chǎn)[高考佳句](2024·福建高考閱讀E)Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.不要讓消極性毀了你的動(dòng)機(jī)。(1)reduce ... to ruins　使……成為廢墟成為廢墟fall to ruin

　　毀滅；滅亡；崩潰使……毀滅；使……沒落；使……破產(chǎn)(2)ruin oneself

　　毀掉自己；自取滅亡毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途/好心情The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.

　　地震之后整個(gè)城市成了一片廢墟這讓我們徹夜未眠。The old farm has long been abandoned and come to ruin.

　　這家舊農(nóng)場(chǎng)很早就已廢棄了成了廢墟。Drunk driving not only ruined himself but also killed several passers-by.

　　醉駕不僅毀掉了他自己還導(dǎo)致幾名路人死亡。[個(gè)性比較]指毀壞某種好的或者有用的東西意為“使毀滅；崩潰；弄糟”。用作名詞意為“毀滅；瓦解；廢墟”構(gòu)成詞組in ruins“破敗不堪”指一定程度的損壞或損失部分是可以修復(fù)的可用作動(dòng)詞或名詞。作do/cause damage to sb./sth.

　　destroy 指徹底的、毀滅性的破壞一般不可修復(fù)常作“破壞；毀滅”講。也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等的破滅

　　Ⅰ.選詞填空(ruin/damage/destroy)完成句子 now completely in_ruins (成為廢墟)．(使……破產(chǎn))．(毀壞我們的健康)．3．purpose　．目的效果結(jié)果[高考佳句](2024·山東高考閱讀D) For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?皮爾遜開展廣告活動(dòng)的目的是什么？on purpose 故意地為了……目的(目的能否實(shí)現(xiàn)還不確定)目的是……(暗示能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)達(dá)到目的Jimmy hit his little brother in the eye, but he didn't do it on purpose.

　　杰米打到了他弟弟的眼睛但他不是故意的。The company decided to advertise on TV for the purpose of promoting their new product.

　　這家公司決定在電視上做廣告來促銷他們的新產(chǎn)品。[名師指津]on purpose“故意地”其反義詞組為by chance/accident表示“偶然地碰巧地”。

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空！The telephone is broken. Someone damaged it on purpose.單句寫作(2024·天津高考寫作)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的就是培養(yǎng)我們學(xué)習(xí)The_purpose_of_this_programme_is_to_develop_our_interest_in_English_learning_and_practical_abilities_in_listening_and_speaking.

　　4．relate　．把……與……聯(lián)系起來；有關(guān)[高考佳句](2024·重慶高考閱讀E)It relates artistic values to local conditions.它把藝術(shù)作品的價(jià)值與當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r聯(lián)系起來。(1)relate to與……有關(guān)；涉及將某物(2)related adj.

　　相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的與……相關(guān)；與……聯(lián)系(3)relation n.

　　關(guān)系；聯(lián)系與……有關(guān)；涉及；與……相比與……沒關(guān)系(4)relative adj.

　　相比較而言的；相關(guān)聯(lián)的親屬親戚相對(duì)地比較地The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.

　　第三點(diǎn)涉及所有部門工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建立。The death of this man was related to/in relation to the food which went bad.

　　這個(gè)人的死與變質(zhì)的食物有關(guān)。[熟詞生義]　He related his adventure to his children.敘述講

　　Ⅰ.用relate的適當(dāng)形式填空relates to our interests.

　　Ⅱ.翻譯句子我們只對(duì)與謀殺案直接相關(guān)的事情感興趣。該報(bào)告把工資高與勞動(dòng)力短缺聯(lián)系在一起。ges.

　　⑥財(cái)富很少與幸福相關(guān)。5．mercy　．慈悲憐憫同情心；仁慈；寬恕[教材原句]He had no mercy so we had to leave fast.他一點(diǎn)也不仁慈所以我們不得不快點(diǎn)離開。(1)have

　　(no) mercy on/upon　(不)同情……對(duì)……(沒)有憐憫心對(duì)某人表示同情任憑……擺布受……支配cy

　　殘忍地毫不留情地出于同情/仁慈(2)merciful adj.

　　寬大的仁慈的慈悲的對(duì)……仁慈

　　You have made such a big mistake that you will be severely punished and no one will have mercy on you.

　　你犯了如此嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰沒人會(huì)憐憫你的。After the boat's motor failed, they were at the mercy of the weather.

　　船的馬達(dá)壞了他們只能聽命于天氣了。[熟詞生義]　It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake.幸運(yùn)

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空d no mercy to the prisoners and killed all of them.

　　③Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel that they are at the mercy of fate.

　　④They were treated without mercy.

　　Ⅱ.翻譯句子幸運(yùn)的是她傷勢(shì)不重。(it作形式主語(yǔ))

　　It_was_a_mercy_that_she_wasn't_seriously_hurt.

　　⑥Mrs. Turner adopted the homeless child out of mercy.

　　出于同情特納夫人收養(yǎng)了那個(gè)無家可歸的孩子。6．conclusion　 ．結(jié)論[高考佳句] (2024·福建高考閱讀E)Given the sensitivities involved, their own conclusions，...

　　考慮到所涉及的敏感性所有的信息都可以得到以便人們得出自己的結(jié)論(1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion

　　　得出結(jié)論下結(jié)論使……結(jié)束最后；總之ion of

　　當(dāng)……結(jié)束時(shí)(2)conclude v.

　　得出結(jié)論；斷定；推斷出；結(jié)束就某事與……達(dá)成協(xié)議；以……結(jié)束(從……中)推斷出……總而言之最后(3)conclusive adj.

　　決定性的；最后的After a series of experiments, scientists

　　come to the conclusion that

　　it's possible for humans to live on the moon in the future.

　　經(jīng)過一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)后科學(xué)家們得出結(jié)論In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.

　　總之全世界的人們都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到水資源短缺的真實(shí)現(xiàn)狀。(2024·浙江高考單選)When the group discussion is nearing its end, ure to conclude it with important points.

　　當(dāng)小組討論即將結(jié)束的時(shí)候要注意確保用要點(diǎn)來總結(jié)討論內(nèi)容。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表示“總而言之”的其他表達(dá)還有哪些？(speaking),_on_the_whole,_in_a_nutshell等。

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空ith “Thanks for your time”．句型轉(zhuǎn)換he evidence you've heard?

　　→What conclusions do you draw from the evidence you've heard?

　　7．date back (to)　追溯到起始于[教材原句]Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!人們?cè)?jīng)在南北朝時(shí)期的墓穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)過動(dòng)物形狀的剪紙！(1)date from/back to屬于(某一歷史時(shí)期)；始于……；追溯到……(2)out of date

　　過時(shí)的陳舊的最新款的現(xiàn)代的迄今為止與……約會(huì)確定……的日期That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.

　　那種含義追溯到托馬斯·愛迪生時(shí)代。The clothes look up to date, but they will soon be out of date.

　　這些衣服看起來是最時(shí)髦的但是不久就會(huì)過時(shí)。But in 2024, together with some climbers, I set a date for a clean-up.

　　但在2024年[名師指津]　(1)date from和date back to常指以“現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)”向前推故在句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)也沒有被動(dòng)形式。(2)當(dāng)date back to/from用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

　　Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空dates (date) back to medieval times.

　　②This temple has a long history dating (date) from the early period of the Tang Dynasty.

　　③Dating from the

　　1980s, our friendship gave both of us pleasure.

　　Ⅱ.完成句子To_date there has been no improvement in his condition.

　　到現(xiàn)在為止他的情況還是沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。這種技術(shù)已經(jīng)過時(shí)我們不再用了。 the computer.

　　我們計(jì)算機(jī)上的信息都是最新的。據(jù)我所知他們已經(jīng)確定了婚禮的日期。[常考·保分型詞匯——自主練會(huì)]1．typical　典型的；有代表性的[練習(xí)]完成句子在期末考試前學(xué)生們經(jīng)常看書到深夜②It's about a Chinese romantic story, typical_of Chinese culture.

　　那是一個(gè)具有典型中國(guó)文化特色的浪漫故事。It is typical of sb. to do sth. (＝typically)做……是某人的特點(diǎn)；某人一向如此”；be typical of ... “是典型的……；是……的特點(diǎn)”。　 2．imagine　．想象；設(shè)想；猜測(cè)[練習(xí)]單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換r us is still probably beyond imagination (imagine)．beyond imagination“超出想象的”；動(dòng)詞　3．exhibition　．展覽展示[練習(xí)]完成句子ety of samples will be on_exhibition．將有品種繁多的樣品被展覽。on exhibition “展覽在展出”。　 4．hold one's

　　breath　屏住呼吸[練習(xí)]用breath的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子他屏住了氣不敢抬起頭來。跑進(jìn)房間氣喘吁吁的。爬樓梯的時(shí)候這個(gè)老人總是喘不過氣來。他深吸了一口氣開始跳水。out of breath“氣喘吁吁上氣不接下氣”(lose one's breath“喘不過氣來”；take a deep breath“深吸一口氣。　 5．fix one's eyes on 　注視凝視[練習(xí)]用eye的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子他眼睛盯著墻似乎那里沒有人存在。他請(qǐng)鄰居照看房子。 boy cried and tried to catch_his_mother's_eye．小男孩哭著想引起他媽媽的注意。keep/have an eye on“照看照管；密切注視監(jiān)視；留神”；catch one's eye“引起某人的注意”。　

　　1．Qi Baishi's style of painting often

　　leaves_the_audience_guessing

　　and makes them use their imagination.

　　齊白石的繪畫作品的風(fēng)格常給觀賞者留出運(yùn)用想像力解讀其內(nèi)涵的余地。leave the audience guessing是“l(fā)eave＋復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中現(xiàn)在分詞guessing作leave的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。leave是使役動(dòng)詞表示“使/讓……做某事/位于某地點(diǎn)/處于某狀態(tài)”含有“聽任在某處使保持某一狀態(tài)”之意。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：(1)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋形容詞/副詞 Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.

　　讓門開著你就會(huì)呼吸到新鮮的空氣。(2)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋現(xiàn)在分詞其中賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 Don't

　　leave me waiting outside too long.

　　別讓我在外面等候太久。(3)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋過去分詞其中賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I can't leave such an important matter half undone/unfinished.

　　我不能讓這么重要的一件事情半途而廢。(4)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞His parents died in the earthquake, leaving him an orphan.

　　在地震中他的父母雙亡使他成為孤兒。He got off the bus hurriedly, leaving his umbrella on the bus.

　　他匆匆忙忙地下了公交車把雨傘忘在公交車上了。(5)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式表示尚未發(fā)生What disappoints me is that she leaves me to finish the work by myself.

　　使我失望的是她讓我一個(gè)人完成這項(xiàng)工作。

　　Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空r mother to_take

　　(take) care of her baby.

　　②Don't leave the water running (run) when you don't use it.

　　③Even though it is spring, you'd better leave the windows closed (close)．Ⅱ.用“l(fā)eave＋復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子別讓她在外面雨中等著。大那枚炸彈使25人遇難。2．Out_back_is_a_small_garage for the car we don't own yet and a small yard that looks smaller between the two buildings on either side.

　　出門往后院走有一間小車庫(kù)但現(xiàn)在我們還沒有車。還有一個(gè)小院子夾在兩邊的高樓中顯得更小了。句中out back is a small garage 為完全倒裝將out back置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。適用于完全倒裝的情況有以下幾種：(1)以in, away, off, back等表示方向性的副詞在句首作狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是come, 等不及物動(dòng)詞且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)句子要完全倒裝。Away went the boy.