2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課件：9 主謂一致（牛津譯林版）
九、主謂一致
主謂一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)一致。下面就中學(xué)英語(yǔ)所涉及的內(nèi)容作些介紹。 情況 例句 常 用 單 數(shù)
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句等時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
The work is important.
To serve the country is our duty.
代詞each以及由every、some、no、any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each、every時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university.
Each girl and each boy in our class likes sports.
情況 例句 常 用 單 數(shù)
表示金錢(qián)、時(shí)間、價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Ten years is a moment in history.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.
以-ics結(jié)尾表學(xué)科的復(fù)形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)
Mathematics is my favorite.
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.
在這樣一些短語(yǔ)，如“many a，more than one”所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。
Many a person has read the novel.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
“the＋形容詞/分詞”作主語(yǔ)指“一類(lèi)”人或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，但若指 “某一個(gè)”人或“抽象的”事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
The poor need help from society.
The agreeable is not always the useful.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由and并列的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的部分組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果由and并列的兩部分表示的是一個(gè)單一的概念，或指同一人或同一物時(shí)(and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Reading and writing are very important.
The iron and steel industry is very important.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
在“復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句”中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果“one”前有“this、the、the only”等詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代one，作從句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
主語(yǔ)是“a number of(許多)/a variety of(各式各樣) ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但 “the number/variety of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
The number of students in this college has doubled.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
the Olympics作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；the Olympic Games作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) The 2024 Olympic Games were considered a big success. The 2024 Olympics was considered a big success.
a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如果shoes，trousers，glasses作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)
A pair of shoes was just what he wanted.
Shoes were just what he wanted.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
“a＋單數(shù)名詞＋or two”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；“one or two＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式
An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk.
一兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果放在桌子上。
集體名詞audience，class，family，team，group等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若指具體成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。
The class is big.這個(gè)班很大。
The class are discussing the plan.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生正在討論這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(指該班學(xué)生)
情況 例句 鄰 近 優(yōu) 先
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”或“not only...but also...”連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致
Either you or she is to go.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由“not A but B” 結(jié)構(gòu)組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于B的數(shù)
Not you but your brother is to blame.
如果句子是由here、there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致
There is a pen，a knife and two books on the desk. There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class. Here are two books for you. 情況 例句 向前看主語(yǔ) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接有由with、together with、like、except、including、but、no less than、rather than、 as well as等詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致
A woman with children has come. He rather than you is responsible. All but Jane know the secret. The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 情況 例句 of結(jié)構(gòu)前后觀 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被half of、part of、most of、two thirds of、the rest of、some of、all of、none of等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞、代詞保持一致
Most of his time is spent travelling. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. amount of和quantity of用來(lái)修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與amount和quantity的數(shù)保持一致
Large amounts of water are needed.A large quantity of apples is needed. 情況 例句 of結(jié)構(gòu)前后觀 由a kind of，this / that kind of，many / these / those kinds of以及名詞＋of this kind和與kind意義相近的sort，type構(gòu)成的類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞的數(shù)保持一致
A new type of machine is on show now.
一種新型的機(jī)器正在展出。Machines of this type are on show now. 這種類(lèi)型的機(jī)器正在展出。 1．is; are。family在表“家庭”整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但若表示“家庭成員”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 2．a(chǎn)re。the Olympic Games作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 3．is。分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞一致，earth's surface是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。表述客觀規(guī)律、存在時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 4．a(chǎn)re。one or two后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 5．hang。這是一個(gè)倒裝句。句子主語(yǔ)為four lights，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而且hang是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)。 6．a(chǎn)re。the police在此處強(qiáng)調(diào)具體成員；且由后面的形容詞性物主代詞their可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 7．is。the rest作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其修飾的名詞保持一致。 8．has
9.is
10.have
11.has
12.is
13.is
14.is
15.are
九、主謂一致
主謂一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)一致。下面就中學(xué)英語(yǔ)所涉及的內(nèi)容作些介紹。 情況 例句 常 用 單 數(shù)
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句等時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
The work is important.
To serve the country is our duty.
代詞each以及由every、some、no、any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each、every時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university.
Each girl and each boy in our class likes sports.
情況 例句 常 用 單 數(shù)
表示金錢(qián)、時(shí)間、價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Ten years is a moment in history.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.
以-ics結(jié)尾表學(xué)科的復(fù)形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)
Mathematics is my favorite.
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.
在這樣一些短語(yǔ)，如“many a，more than one”所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。
Many a person has read the novel.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
“the＋形容詞/分詞”作主語(yǔ)指“一類(lèi)”人或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，但若指 “某一個(gè)”人或“抽象的”事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
The poor need help from society.
The agreeable is not always the useful.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由and并列的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的部分組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果由and并列的兩部分表示的是一個(gè)單一的概念，或指同一人或同一物時(shí)(and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Reading and writing are very important.
The iron and steel industry is very important.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
在“復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句”中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果“one”前有“this、the、the only”等詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代one，作從句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
主語(yǔ)是“a number of(許多)/a variety of(各式各樣) ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但 “the number/variety of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
The number of students in this college has doubled.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
the Olympics作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；the Olympic Games作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) The 2024 Olympic Games were considered a big success. The 2024 Olympics was considered a big success.
a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如果shoes，trousers，glasses作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)
A pair of shoes was just what he wanted.
Shoes were just what he wanted.
情況 例句 取 意 觀 形 定 單 復(fù)
“a＋單數(shù)名詞＋or two”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；“one or two＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式
An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk.
一兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果放在桌子上。
集體名詞audience，class，family，team，group等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若指具體成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。
The class is big.這個(gè)班很大。
The class are discussing the plan.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生正在討論這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(指該班學(xué)生)
情況 例句 鄰 近 優(yōu) 先
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”或“not only...but also...”連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致
Either you or she is to go.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由“not A but B” 結(jié)構(gòu)組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于B的數(shù)
Not you but your brother is to blame.
如果句子是由here、there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致
There is a pen，a knife and two books on the desk. There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class. Here are two books for you. 情況 例句 向前看主語(yǔ) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接有由with、together with、like、except、including、but、no less than、rather than、 as well as等詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致
A woman with children has come. He rather than you is responsible. All but Jane know the secret. The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 情況 例句 of結(jié)構(gòu)前后觀 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被half of、part of、most of、two thirds of、the rest of、some of、all of、none of等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞、代詞保持一致
Most of his time is spent travelling. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. amount of和quantity of用來(lái)修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與amount和quantity的數(shù)保持一致
Large amounts of water are needed.A large quantity of apples is needed. 情況 例句 of結(jié)構(gòu)前后觀 由a kind of，this / that kind of，many / these / those kinds of以及名詞＋of this kind和與kind意義相近的sort，type構(gòu)成的類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞的數(shù)保持一致
A new type of machine is on show now.
一種新型的機(jī)器正在展出。Machines of this type are on show now. 這種類(lèi)型的機(jī)器正在展出。 1．is; are。family在表“家庭”整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，但若表示“家庭成員”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 2．a(chǎn)re。the Olympic Games作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 3．is。分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞一致，earth's surface是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。表述客觀規(guī)律、存在時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 4．a(chǎn)re。one or two后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 5．hang。這是一個(gè)倒裝句。句子主語(yǔ)為four lights，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而且hang是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)。 6．a(chǎn)re。the police在此處強(qiáng)調(diào)具體成員；且由后面的形容詞性物主代詞their可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 7．is。the rest作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其修飾的名詞保持一致。 8．has
9.is
10.have
11.has
12.is
13.is
14.is
15.are
