Unit 19　Language

　　[寫得準(zhǔn)] [用得活] [積得多]

　　1.decade n．　十年

　　2.trend n.

　　趨勢(shì)，傾向

　　3.attain vt.

　　達(dá)到；獲得

　　4.ensure vt.

　　確保，保證

　　5.enlarge vt.

　　擴(kuò)大

　　6.guarantee vt.

　　保證

　　7.resemble vt.

　　像；與……相似

　　8.purchase vt.

　　購(gòu)買

　　9.accelerate vi.&vt.

　　加速

　　10.merely adv.

　　只；僅僅

　　11.unconscious adj.無意識(shí)的；不知不覺的→conscious adj.意識(shí)到的；故意的

　　12.fluency n．流利度，流暢度→fluent adj.流利的，流暢的→fluently adv.流利地

　　13.accuracy n．精確度，準(zhǔn)確度→accurate adj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的→accurately adv.精確地

　　14.absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的

　　15.acquisition n．(語(yǔ)言)習(xí)得→acquire v．獲取，得到

　　16.surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞→surrounding adj.周圍的→surroundings n．環(huán)境

　　17.adjust vt.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整→adjustment n．調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整

　　18.congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀

　　19.negotiate vt.談判；協(xié)商→negotiation n．談判；協(xié)商

　　20.offence n．冒犯；得罪→offend v．冒犯

　　21.approval n．贊成；贊許；批準(zhǔn)→approve vt.贊成

　　22.applicant n．申請(qǐng)人→apply vi.申請(qǐng)→application n．申請(qǐng)書

　　23.embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人難堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.窘迫的→embarrassment n．窘迫，難堪

　　24.inform vt.告知，通知→information n．信息 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Because it was his first offence

　　(offend), the punishment wasn't too severe.

　　2.They found him lying unconscious (conscious) on the floor when they broke in.

　　3.Having devoted himself to language acquisition (acquire) for many years, he did make great achievements.

　　4.After discussing it with my teacher, I made a few adjustments (adjust) to my original design.

　　5.The negotiations (negotiate) with the company had reached a new stage.

　　6.The teacher advised me to improve the fluency of my spoken English, because I couldn't speak English fluently.(fluency)

　　7.Thanks to your approval,_if you didn't approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)

　　8.He received many congratulation e-mails from his friends who congratulated on his winning the first prize in the speech contest.(congratulate)

　　9.Bob is always accurate at figures and can accurately describe what he finds, so the accuracy of his report is beyond doubt.(accurate)

　　10.The manager required that he should be informed of any useful information.(inform)

　　11.Many people have applied for the job. The applicants must hand in their applications by Friday.(apply)

　　12.He was absent from the meeting and his absence made the problem more difficult.(absence)

　　13.The question really embarrassed him. In other words, the embarrassing question made him embarrassed.(embarrass) 1.att-開頭單詞集錦

　　①attain vt.達(dá)到；獲得

　　②attend v.

　　出席；上(學(xué))

　　③attitude n.

　　態(tài)度

　　④attract vt.

　　吸引

　　⑤attach vt.

　　使依附；貼上

　　⑥attention n.

　　注意力

　　⑦attack v．&n.

　　攻擊；抨擊

　　⑧attempt v．&n.

　　企圖，試圖

　　2.前綴en-動(dòng)詞全掃描

　　enrich

　　使充實(shí)

　　enable

　　使能夠

　　enlarge

　　擴(kuò)大

　　ensure

　　確保，擔(dān)保

　　endanger

　　使……遭遇危險(xiǎn)

　　entitle

　　給……起題目

　　enforce

　　執(zhí)行，實(shí)施

　　3.后綴-ence名詞集合

　　evidence

　　證據(jù)

　　consequence

　　結(jié)果

　　convenience

　　便利；方便

　　difference

　　差異；不同

　　absence

　　缺乏；缺席

　　⑥existence

　　存在

　　⑦intelligence

　　智力

　　4.由surroundings想到的

　　①savings

　　積蓄

　　②earnings

　　工資

　　③belongings

　　所有物

　　④findings

　　調(diào)查

　　⑤greetings

　　問候的話

　　5.識(shí)記以ad-開頭的動(dòng)詞

　　①adjust

　　調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整

　　adapt

　　使適應(yīng)；改編

　　adopt

　　收養(yǎng)；采納

　　admire

　　欽佩；欣賞

　　admit

　　承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入

　　adore

　　熱愛，愛慕

　　advance

　　前進(jìn)；發(fā)展

　　advocate

　　主張，提倡

　　[寫得準(zhǔn)] [用得活] [積得多]

　　1.keep_in_mind　 　記住

　　2.stand_out

　　出色；突出

　　3.get_ahead__

　　取得成功；獲得進(jìn)步

　　4.rely_on

　　依靠；依賴

　　5.take_the_form_of

　　以……的形式

　　出現(xiàn)(存在)

　　6.adjust_...to_...

　　調(diào)整……以適

　　應(yīng)……

　　7.inform_sb._of_sth._

　　通知某人某事

　　8.consist_of__

　　由……組成，構(gòu)成

　　9.catch_on

　　學(xué)會(huì)；受歡迎

　　10.for_ages__

　　很久，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

　　11.congratulate_sb._on_sth._

　　就某事向某人

　　祝賀

　　12.on_purpose

　　故意地

　　13.regardless_of_

　　不管；不顧

　　14.on_the_other_hand

　　另一方面

　　15.I_bet__

　　我肯定

　　16.more_than_

　　不僅僅；超過 選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空1.If you keep working like this, there's no doubt that you'll get_ahead of others.

　　2. Keep_in_mind that letting go is a state of mind and has nothing to do with your action.

　　3.The new method caught_on and many peasants became very skilful at it.

　　4.The medical team consisting_of five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to West Africa.

　　5.Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely_on in the world.

　　6.She will have to adjust herself to new conditions after moving to a new city.

　　7.Do you inform them of the progress of the work？

　　8.They were all attractive, but she stood_out from the others.

　　9.I asked him why he left out important information on_purpose.

　　10.It took them more_than one billion dollars to complete the project.

　　1.盤點(diǎn)“組成”短語(yǔ)

　　①consist of由……組成

　　make up

　　組成；化妝

　　be made up of

　　由……所組成

　　be composed of

　　由……所組成

　　2.“故意地”相關(guān)詞匯知多少

　　purposely adv.　 故意地，蓄意地

　　②deliberately adv.

　　審慎地；故意地

　　③intentionally adv.

　　故意地，有意地

　　by design

　　故意地，有意地

　　on purpose

　　有目的地，有意地

　　3.than短語(yǔ)清單

　　more than

　　不僅僅；超過

　　other than

　　除了

　　rather than

　　而不是

　　less than

　　少于

　　4.mind短語(yǔ)個(gè)個(gè)清

　　make up one's mind下決心

　　bear/keep (...) in mind

　　記住

　　change one's mind

　　改變主意

　　come to mind

　　突然記起或想到

　　[背原句] [記句式] [會(huì)仿用]

　　1.It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.

　　早在18世紀(jì)人們就預(yù)測(cè)，有一天英語(yǔ)將成為全球性語(yǔ)言，并且在過去的幾十年中它已得到了證明。 It was predicted that ...“據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)……”。 有人預(yù)測(cè)，未來幾年云平臺(tái)的使用將會(huì)翻三倍。It_is_predicted_that the use of cloud platforms could triple in the next couple of years.

　　2.Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.

　　不管是說還是寫，高質(zhì)量的輸入確保高質(zhì)量的輸出。 “whether ...or ...”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 無論明天下不下雨，我們都要去參觀鳥巢。We are going to pay a visit to the Bird's Nest tomorrow, whether_it_rains_or_not.

　　3.Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.

　　第三，你們說我只要預(yù)付就有折扣。 provided that引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 只要情況允許，我們下周將舉行會(huì)議。Provided_that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.

　　1．a(chǎn)bsence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席

　　[教材原句]　However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.

　　然而，在缺少母語(yǔ)環(huán)境的情況下，學(xué)習(xí)作為外語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)非常困難。

　　(1)absence from ...　缺席；離開

　　absence of mind

　　心不在焉

　　during/in one's absence＝during/in the absence of sb.

　　在某人不在的時(shí)候

　　(2)absent adj.

　　缺席的；茫然的

　　absent-minded adj.

　　心不在焉的

　　be absent from

　　缺席；不存在；缺少

　　Her absence (absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.

　　她駕車時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎導(dǎo)致車禍。

　　He was_absent_from the party yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.

　　昨天他因?yàn)樾呐K病突發(fā)，沒有參加聚會(huì)。

　　Those heat can warm things up pretty quickly during/in_the_absence_of a cooling system.

　　在缺少冷卻系統(tǒng)的情況下，那些熱量能夠使物體迅速升溫。

　　2．surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞；包圍

　　[教材原句]　Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.

　　一些備受尊崇的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得理論認(rèn)為，要想達(dá)到高水平的外語(yǔ)流利程度和準(zhǔn)確性，你得置身于該語(yǔ)言的環(huán)境中。

　　(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.

　　用某人/某物包圍某人/某物

　　be surrounded by/with sb./sth.

　　被某人/某物包圍

　　(2)surrounding

　　adj.

　　周圍的，附近的

　　surroundings n.

　　周圍的事物；環(huán)境；氣氛

　　When the car stopped in the town square it was_surrounded_by/with soldiers soon.

　　當(dāng)汽車停在城鎮(zhèn)廣場(chǎng)時(shí)很快被士兵包圍了。

　　The surrounding (surround) villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.

　　周圍的村莊已經(jīng)并入了那不斷擴(kuò)展的城市。

　　Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings (surround).

　　只有這樣，我們才能生活在更加舒適優(yōu)美的環(huán)境中。

　　3．guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保n.保證；保證書；抵押品

　　[教材原句]　Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.

　　讀前了解資訊的主要內(nèi)容可以保證閱讀英文時(shí)更透徹的理解。

　　(1)guarantee sb.against/from保證某人免受(損傷或傷害)

　　guarantee sb.sth.

　　保證某人某事

　　guarantee to do sth.

　　保證做某事

　　guarantee that ...

　　保證……

　　be guaranteed to do sth.

　　必定做某事

　　(2)under guarantee

　　在保修期內(nèi)

　　give sb.a guarantee (that ...)

　　向某人保證(……)

　　①Even if you complete your training, I can't guarantee_you_a_job.

　　即使你完成了培訓(xùn)，我也無法保證你能有工作。

　　②We guarantee_that you will be compensated for any loss caused by our negligence.

　　由于我們的疏忽而造成的任何損失，我們保證賠償。

　　③The car is less than a year old, and therefore still under_guarantee.

　　這輛汽車使用不到一年，因此仍在保修期內(nèi)。

　　[熟詞生義]　讀句子猜含義

　　④He had to offer his house as a guarantee to get a loan from the bank. 抵押品

　　4．a(chǎn)djust vt.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整；整理vi.適應(yīng)

　　[經(jīng)典例句]　If your employment status changes, your tax code sill be adjusted accordingly.(朗文P30)

　　如果就業(yè)狀況改變，你的免稅代碼也會(huì)作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。

　　(1)adjust to　 　適應(yīng)于

　　adjust (sth./oneself) to (doing) sth.

　　使(某物/某人自己)適應(yīng)(做)某事

　　(2)adjustment n.

　　調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng)

　　make an adjustment

　　作出調(diào)整

　　Obviously，students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.

　　顯然，學(xué)生們調(diào)整自己的睡眠周期以適應(yīng)日常安排是很難的。

　　In the new term, most students adjusted themselves (they) to the new environment very quickly.

　　在新學(xué)期，大多數(shù)學(xué)生很快使自己適應(yīng)了新的環(huán)境。

　　Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. (2024·江蘇高考單選)

　　一些學(xué)校將不得不作出調(diào)整以和國(guó)家足球改革保持一致。

　　[寫作聯(lián)想]　例句②其他表達(dá)方式

　　In the new term, most students adapted themselves to the new environment very quickly.

　　②In the new term, most students adapted to the new environment very quickly.

　　③In the new term, most students fit in with the new environment very quickly.

　　5．inform vt.告知，通知

　　[經(jīng)典例句]　I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year.(牛津P1046)

　　我得到可靠消息說他們倆將明年結(jié)婚。

　　(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 　通知某人某事