專題技能突破(47) 詞匯之合成、轉化

　　【技能講解】　合成法——兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的方法；轉化法——不改變詞形，把一個詞由一種詞性轉用為另一種詞性的方法。典例剖析1．合成

　　通過原來認識的詞可以推測出新合成的詞的意思，如：

　　teamwork 合作， underground 地鐵，

　　father-in-law 岳父， updated 最新的，

　　ill-mannered 不禮貌的，

　　two-faced 兩面派的，

　　iron-willed 有鋼鐵意志的，

　　airconditioner 空調，

　　alarm clock 鬧鐘，

　　bookmark 書簽，

　　generation gap 代溝，

　　bank account 銀行賬戶，

　　baby-sitter 看孩子的人。

　　2．轉化

　　不改變詞形，但改變詞性，轉化后的詞意可能與原詞義相關也可能不相關，需要有意地識記。如：

　　look v.→n. ＝ have a book

　　survey v. →n. ＝make a survey

　　walk v. →n. ＝take a walk

　　visit v. →n. ＝pay a visit

　　button n.→v. 扣鈕扣

　　book n.→v. 預訂

　　seat n.→v. 容納

　　back n.→v. 支持

　　slow adj. →v. 減慢

　　warm adj. →v. 使溫暖/暖和

　　narrow adj. →v. 縮小

　　private adj. →n. 士兵

　　plant v. →n. 工廠，植物

　　技能演練In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.[2024·浙江高考，C篇]

　　答案：v. 使成為空的，把……弄空　v. 反射，反映

　　2．Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. [2024·安徽高考，E篇]

　　togetherness: ________

　　答案：n. 團結和睦

　　3．Surround yourself with people who uplift,_encourage and understand you! Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering！[2024.福建高考，E篇]

　　答案：v. 使上升，振作　adj. 使有能力的，給予力量的

　　4．So one day, just to see what she would do, I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head, Again, not a move.[2024·四川高考，完形]

　　答案：v. 放置　n. 移動

　　5．Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.

　　negativity: ________

　　答案：n. 消極性

　　6．Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,_almost always bothered by things.[2024·福建高考，完形]

　　world-class: ________

　　fault-finder: ________

　　答案：adj. 世界級的，國際水平的　n. 挑剔的人

　　7．When it comes to insect pests, red fire ants would probably top everyone's list.

　　top: ________

　　答案：vt. 居……之首，為……之冠

　　8．First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freely voice your opinion.

　　voice: ________

　　答案：vt. 用語言表達，說出

　　9．Yes, I was blessed; it wasn't a material one, but the kind that will warm my heart forever.

　　warm: ________.

　　答案：vt. 使溫暖

　　10．Suddenly she felt tears flooded her eyes.

　　flood: ________

　　答案：vt. 大量涌入

　　專題技能突破(47) 詞匯之合成、轉化

　　【技能講解】　合成法——兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的方法；轉化法——不改變詞形，把一個詞由一種詞性轉用為另一種詞性的方法。典例剖析1．合成

　　通過原來認識的詞可以推測出新合成的詞的意思，如：

　　teamwork 合作， underground 地鐵，

　　father-in-law 岳父， updated 最新的，

　　ill-mannered 不禮貌的，

　　two-faced 兩面派的，

　　iron-willed 有鋼鐵意志的，

　　airconditioner 空調，

　　alarm clock 鬧鐘，

　　bookmark 書簽，

　　generation gap 代溝，

　　bank account 銀行賬戶，

　　baby-sitter 看孩子的人。

　　2．轉化

　　不改變詞形，但改變詞性，轉化后的詞意可能與原詞義相關也可能不相關，需要有意地識記。如：

　　look v.→n. ＝ have a book

　　survey v. →n. ＝make a survey

　　walk v. →n. ＝take a walk

　　visit v. →n. ＝pay a visit

　　button n.→v. 扣鈕扣

　　book n.→v. 預訂

　　seat n.→v. 容納

　　back n.→v. 支持

　　slow adj. →v. 減慢

　　warm adj. →v. 使溫暖/暖和

　　narrow adj. →v. 縮小

　　private adj. →n. 士兵

　　plant v. →n. 工廠，植物

　　技能演練In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.[2024·浙江高考，C篇]

　　答案：v. 使成為空的，把……弄空　v. 反射，反映

　　2．Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. [2024·安徽高考，E篇]

　　togetherness: ________

　　答案：n. 團結和睦

　　3．Surround yourself with people who uplift,_encourage and understand you! Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering！[2024.福建高考，E篇]

　　答案：v. 使上升，振作　adj. 使有能力的，給予力量的

　　4．So one day, just to see what she would do, I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head, Again, not a move.[2024·四川高考，完形]

　　答案：v. 放置　n. 移動

　　5．Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.

　　negativity: ________

　　答案：n. 消極性

　　6．Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,_almost always bothered by things.[2024·福建高考，完形]

　　world-class: ________

　　fault-finder: ________

　　答案：adj. 世界級的，國際水平的　n. 挑剔的人

　　7．When it comes to insect pests, red fire ants would probably top everyone's list.

　　top: ________

　　答案：vt. 居……之首，為……之冠

　　8．First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freely voice your opinion.

　　voice: ________

　　答案：vt. 用語言表達，說出

　　9．Yes, I was blessed; it wasn't a material one, but the kind that will warm my heart forever.

　　warm: ________.

　　答案：vt. 使溫暖

　　10．Suddenly she felt tears flooded her eyes.

　　flood: ________

　　答案：vt. 大量涌入