虛擬語氣精講精煉02

　　【考點詮釋】

　　虛擬語氣考點透析

　　考點一、虛擬語氣的基本用法

　　1.與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的一般過去時（be動詞用were）+其他成分+if+ should/would/could...+動詞原形+其他成分。例如：

　　If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.

　　A. couldn’t

　　B. shouldn’t

　　C. can’t

　　D. might not

　　解析 句意為：如果不是因為她不會唱歌的事實，我會邀請她來參加那次聚會的。that從句為同位語從句，描述的是事實，用陳述語氣。正確答案為C。

　　2.與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的過去完成時+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：

　　If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.

　　A.rained

　　B.rains

　　C.has rained

　　D.is raining

　　3.與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的一般過去時/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+動詞原形+其他成分。例如：

　　If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

　　A.would

　　B.could

　　C.had to

　　D.ought to

　　解析 句意為：如果我能夠計劃做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是與將來事實相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。

　　考點二、含蓄虛擬條件句

　　這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引導的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語動詞的形式與前面虛擬語氣的基本用法相同。例如：

　　Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.

　　A. can manage

　　B. could have managed

　　C. could managed

　　D. can have managed

　　解析 由語境可知這里要表達的意思是：如果沒有你們辛勤的工作，我們不可能處理好這件事。很顯然，這是對過去發生的事實的虛擬，所以要用could have done，故應選B。

　　考點三、主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句

　　在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時間不一致，應根據不同情況區別對待。例如：

　　It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

　　A. wouldn’t have fallen

　　B. had not fallen

　　C. should fall

　　D. were to fall

　　解析 句意為：如果不是我在七歲時愛上家鄉的Melinda Cox圖書館的話，很難想象今天的我會是什么樣子。主句描述的是與現在事實相反的事情，從句描述的是與過去事實相反的事情。正確答案為B。

　　考點四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

　　在含有表示堅持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it做形式賓語或形式主語的復合句中，賓語補足語是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“驚奇、惋惜或者理應如此”等含義時，從句中的謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：

　　—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？

　　—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.

　　A.will not be sent；that

　　B.not be sent；that

　　C.should not be sent；what

　　D.should not send；what

　　考點五、wish/if only/would rather從句中的虛擬語氣

　　具體說來其基本結構為：wish/if only/would rather+主語+動詞一般過去時（表示與現在事實相反，其中be動詞用were）/動詞過去完成時（表示與過去事實相反）/would+動詞原型（表示與將來事實相反）。例如：

　　Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！

　　A. followed

　　B. would follow

　　C. had followed

　　D. should follow

　　解析 句意為：看我目前的困境，要是我聽你的建議就好了。其描述的是與過去事實相反的事情。正確答案為C。

　　1. She might have been in time for the train, but she

　　______ late.

　　A. started　B. has started

　　C. was to start

　　D. had started

　　答案：A

　　解析：本題考查動詞語氣。might have done表示與過去事實相反，因此but后用一般過去時態表示實際發生的事。2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _______ you long before.

　　A. had called

　　B. have called

　　C. would have called

　　D. should call

　　答案：C

　　解析：根據時間狀語long before，可知這是對過去的假設，要是知道你的手機號碼，我早就給你打電話了。3.—It’s so near! We should have walked there.

　　—Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all.

　　A. wasn’t　B. isn’t

　　C. hadn’t been　D. won’t be

　　答案：A

　　解析：這是一道根據情態動詞+have done判斷時態的題目。我們知道這個結構只可能有兩種時態：過去時和現在完成時，對話內容是恍然發現目的地離得很近，所以本沒必要打車，是對過去的虛擬，表示后悔的心情。真實的過去是坐了出租車的。4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.

　　A. Would

　　B. Should

　　C. Might

　　D. If

　　答案：B

　　解析：if引導的虛擬將來的結構是：if...should/were to do...,...would do...這個句式可以倒裝，變成：were...to do/should ...do...,...would do...。5.________ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.

　　A. In spite of

　　B. Because of

　　C. But for

　　D. Due to

　　答案：C

　　解析：這是一個含蓄的if虛擬條件句，相當于:If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. but for=without,要不是。6. Without your timely help, we _______ in big trouble that day.

　　A. had been

　　B. would be

　　C. would have been

　　D. were

　　答案：C

　　解析：本題同第五題。相當于if it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have been in trouble that day.7. It’s high time you _______ to make the decision yourself.

　　A. shall learn

　　B. learn

　　C. learnt

　　D. have learnt

　　答案： C

　　解析：It’s high time+從句表建議時要用were式虛擬語氣，從句中用過去式。8. If you ______ me earlier, you ________ sorry now.

　　A. had listened to; wouldn’t have been

　　B. were to listen to; shouldn’t have been

　　C. had listened to; wouldn’t be

　　D. listened to; wouldn’t be

　　答案：C

　　解析：此題是一個混合虛擬語氣題，從句是對過去的假設，所以根據if虛擬條件句的規則，要用過去完成時，而主句部分講的是目前的情況所以要用would + do。 9.—I’m feeling terribly drunk now.

　　—Well, I’d rather you _______ like a fish in the party.

　　A. didn’t drink

　　B. hadn’t drunk

　　C. weren’t drinking

　　D. not drink

　　解析：I’d rather+從句時were式虛擬語氣句型之一。根據規則，對過去的主觀愿望用過去完成時。

　　10. The man insisted that he______ nothing wrong and _______ free.

　　A. did; set

　　B. had done; should be set

　　C. do; be set

　　D. had done; must be set

　　答案：B

　　解析：insist只有表示在建議的時候才用虛擬語氣，如果是陳述事實的話就不用虛擬語氣。所以他說he had done nothing是事實，不是要求。后面的句子才是要求，所以后面用“should do”式虛擬語氣結構。11. If only I ______ an umbrella! I was wet through.

　　A. took

　　B. should take

　　C. had taken

　　D. take

　　答案：C

　　解析：if only引導were式主觀愿望虛擬語氣句，“如果……就好了”根據規則，對過去虛擬用過去完成時。．We

　　have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

　　A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】考察情態動詞的用法

　　【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't絕不可能　

　　本句句意為：既然Suzie不和我們一起吃晚飯，所以我們就不需要買這么多食物。

　　. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had B. had had C. have D. had

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】此題考查條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。

　　【解析】從句中用一般過去時表現在的假設。動詞的時態 條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 一般過去式表對現在的假設 .-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?

　　-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.

　　A. Can

　　B. Should

　　C. Must

　　D. Would

　　【考點】情態動詞用法

　　【答案】 C

　　【解析】句意：“——你現在一定要打斷我嗎？難道你不能看到我在打電話嗎？——對不起，先生，事情很急。”根據語境結合選項的詞義，C選項符合題意。因此，正確答案為C選項。

　　4.

　　One of our rules is that every student

　　wear school uniform while at school.

　　A.

　　might

　　B.

　　could

　　C.

　　shall

　　D.

　　will

　　【考點】情態動詞

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。這兒是說根據學校規定學生在校時都必須要穿校服。

　　. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.

　　A. must

　　B. might

　　C. can

　　D. should

　　【答案】 B

　　【考點】本題考查情態動詞。

　　【解析】句意為：我靠他們足夠的近以聽見他們說漢語，而且我會像我在中國可能做的那樣說“你好”。might表示“可能”。故選B。

　　. If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. should be

　　D. would be

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】考查虛擬語氣。

　　【解析】根據主語的謂語動詞可知題干是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用had done，選B。

　　.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

　　A. won’t

　　B. can’t

　　C. can

　　D. will

　　【答】B

　　【考點】考查情態動詞。

　　【解析】所填情態動詞與too 構成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不為過，選B。

　　虛擬語氣精講精煉02

　　【考點詮釋】

　　虛擬語氣考點透析

　　考點一、虛擬語氣的基本用法

　　1.與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的一般過去時（be動詞用were）+其他成分+if+ should/would/could...+動詞原形+其他成分。例如：

　　If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.

　　A. couldn’t

　　B. shouldn’t

　　C. can’t

　　D. might not

　　解析 句意為：如果不是因為她不會唱歌的事實，我會邀請她來參加那次聚會的。that從句為同位語從句，描述的是事實，用陳述語氣。正確答案為C。

　　2.與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的過去完成時+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：

　　If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.

　　A.rained

　　B.rains

　　C.has rained

　　D.is raining

　　3.與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，基本結構為：主語+動詞的一般過去時/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+動詞原形+其他成分。例如：

　　If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

　　A.would

　　B.could

　　C.had to

　　D.ought to

　　解析 句意為：如果我能夠計劃做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是與將來事實相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。

　　考點二、含蓄虛擬條件句

　　這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引導的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語動詞的形式與前面虛擬語氣的基本用法相同。例如：

　　Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.

　　A. can manage

　　B. could have managed

　　C. could managed

　　D. can have managed

　　解析 由語境可知這里要表達的意思是：如果沒有你們辛勤的工作，我們不可能處理好這件事。很顯然，這是對過去發生的事實的虛擬，所以要用could have done，故應選B。

　　考點三、主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句

　　在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時間不一致，應根據不同情況區別對待。例如：

　　It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

　　A. wouldn’t have fallen

　　B. had not fallen

　　C. should fall

　　D. were to fall

　　解析 句意為：如果不是我在七歲時愛上家鄉的Melinda Cox圖書館的話，很難想象今天的我會是什么樣子。主句描述的是與現在事實相反的事情，從句描述的是與過去事實相反的事情。正確答案為B。

　　考點四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

　　在含有表示堅持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it做形式賓語或形式主語的復合句中，賓語補足語是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“驚奇、惋惜或者理應如此”等含義時，從句中的謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：

　　—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？

　　—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.

　　A.will not be sent；that

　　B.not be sent；that

　　C.should not be sent；what

　　D.should not send；what

　　考點五、wish/if only/would rather從句中的虛擬語氣

　　具體說來其基本結構為：wish/if only/would rather+主語+動詞一般過去時（表示與現在事實相反，其中be動詞用were）/動詞過去完成時（表示與過去事實相反）/would+動詞原型（表示與將來事實相反）。例如：

　　Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！

　　A. followed

　　B. would follow

　　C. had followed

　　D. should follow

　　解析 句意為：看我目前的困境，要是我聽你的建議就好了。其描述的是與過去事實相反的事情。正確答案為C。

　　1. She might have been in time for the train, but she

　　______ late.

　　A. started　B. has started

　　C. was to start

　　D. had started

　　答案：A

　　解析：本題考查動詞語氣。might have done表示與過去事實相反，因此but后用一般過去時態表示實際發生的事。2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _______ you long before.

　　A. had called

　　B. have called

　　C. would have called

　　D. should call

　　答案：C

　　解析：根據時間狀語long before，可知這是對過去的假設，要是知道你的手機號碼，我早就給你打電話了。3.—It’s so near! We should have walked there.

　　—Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all.

　　A. wasn’t　B. isn’t

　　C. hadn’t been　D. won’t be

　　答案：A

　　解析：這是一道根據情態動詞+have done判斷時態的題目。我們知道這個結構只可能有兩種時態：過去時和現在完成時，對話內容是恍然發現目的地離得很近，所以本沒必要打車，是對過去的虛擬，表示后悔的心情。真實的過去是坐了出租車的。4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.

　　A. Would

　　B. Should

　　C. Might

　　D. If

　　答案：B

　　解析：if引導的虛擬將來的結構是：if...should/were to do...,...would do...這個句式可以倒裝，變成：were...to do/should ...do...,...would do...。5.________ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.

　　A. In spite of

　　B. Because of

　　C. But for

　　D. Due to

　　答案：C

　　解析：這是一個含蓄的if虛擬條件句，相當于:If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. but for=without,要不是。6. Without your timely help, we _______ in big trouble that day.

　　A. had been

　　B. would be

　　C. would have been

　　D. were

　　答案：C

　　解析：本題同第五題。相當于if it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have been in trouble that day.7. It’s high time you _______ to make the decision yourself.

　　A. shall learn

　　B. learn

　　C. learnt

　　D. have learnt

　　答案： C

　　解析：It’s high time+從句表建議時要用were式虛擬語氣，從句中用過去式。8. If you ______ me earlier, you ________ sorry now.

　　A. had listened to; wouldn’t have been

　　B. were to listen to; shouldn’t have been

　　C. had listened to; wouldn’t be

　　D. listened to; wouldn’t be

　　答案：C

　　解析：此題是一個混合虛擬語氣題，從句是對過去的假設，所以根據if虛擬條件句的規則，要用過去完成時，而主句部分講的是目前的情況所以要用would + do。 9.—I’m feeling terribly drunk now.

　　—Well, I’d rather you _______ like a fish in the party.

　　A. didn’t drink

　　B. hadn’t drunk

　　C. weren’t drinking

　　D. not drink

　　解析：I’d rather+從句時were式虛擬語氣句型之一。根據規則，對過去的主觀愿望用過去完成時。

　　10. The man insisted that he______ nothing wrong and _______ free.

　　A. did; set

　　B. had done; should be set

　　C. do; be set

　　D. had done; must be set

　　答案：B

　　解析：insist只有表示在建議的時候才用虛擬語氣，如果是陳述事實的話就不用虛擬語氣。所以他說he had done nothing是事實，不是要求。后面的句子才是要求，所以后面用“should do”式虛擬語氣結構。11. If only I ______ an umbrella! I was wet through.

　　A. took

　　B. should take

　　C. had taken

　　D. take

　　答案：C

　　解析：if only引導were式主觀愿望虛擬語氣句，“如果……就好了”根據規則，對過去虛擬用過去完成時。．We

　　have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

　　A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】考察情態動詞的用法

　　【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't絕不可能　

　　本句句意為：既然Suzie不和我們一起吃晚飯，所以我們就不需要買這么多食物。

　　. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had B. had had C. have D. had

　　【答案】D

　　【考點】此題考查條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。

　　【解析】從句中用一般過去時表現在的假設。動詞的時態 條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 一般過去式表對現在的假設 .-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?

　　-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.

　　A. Can

　　B. Should

　　C. Must

　　D. Would

　　【考點】情態動詞用法

　　【答案】 C

　　【解析】句意：“——你現在一定要打斷我嗎？難道你不能看到我在打電話嗎？——對不起，先生，事情很急。”根據語境結合選項的詞義，C選項符合題意。因此，正確答案為C選項。

　　4.

　　One of our rules is that every student

　　wear school uniform while at school.

　　A.

　　might

　　B.

　　could

　　C.

　　shall

　　D.

　　will

　　【考點】情態動詞

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。這兒是說根據學校規定學生在校時都必須要穿校服。

　　. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.

　　A. must

　　B. might

　　C. can

　　D. should

　　【答案】 B

　　【考點】本題考查情態動詞。

　　【解析】句意為：我靠他們足夠的近以聽見他們說漢語，而且我會像我在中國可能做的那樣說“你好”。might表示“可能”。故選B。

　　. If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　A. was

　　B. had been

　　C. should be

　　D. would be

　　【答案】B

　　【考點】考查虛擬語氣。

　　【解析】根據主語的謂語動詞可知題干是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用had done，選B。

　　.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

　　A. won’t

　　B. can’t

　　C. can

　　D. will

　　【答】B

　　【考點】考查情態動詞。

　　【解析】所填情態動詞與too 構成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不為過，選B。