語法專題7 虛擬語氣

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空

　　1．(2024·天津，13改編)I wish I________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.

　　答案：had been　利用虛擬語氣考查時態(tài)。句意為：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“參加妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時間狀語last Tuesday可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，此處表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故謂語用“had＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案為had been。

　　2．(2024·安徽，32改編)It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now.

　　答案：would/could/should/might　句意為：幸虧我們預(yù)訂了一個房間，要不然我們現(xiàn)在就無處可呆了。根據(jù)語境可知，or后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，此處為含蓄虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　3．(2024·四川成都二診改編)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Han's first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success.

　　答案：should　句意為：影評家們很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)韓寒的第一部電影《后會無期》，竟然獲得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”應(yīng)用should。

　　4．(2024·浙江杭州地區(qū)七校模擬改編)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call.

　　答案：had answered　句意為：當(dāng)你給我打電話的時候，我正在開會。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。wish后的從句中用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以謂語動詞用had done形式。

　　5．(2024·湖南懷化質(zhì)檢改編)Had it not been for my teacher's help, I wouldn't________(win)the first place in contest.

　　答案：have won　條件從句中的謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根據(jù)句意答案為have won。

　　6．(2024·湖南，22改編)If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果杜威先生在場的話，他就會為那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。從主句中的would have offered可以看出，從句表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故應(yīng)用過去完成時。

　　7．(2024·甘肅天水一中段考改編)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow than today.

　　答案：came　would rather后面接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞通常要用一般過去時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè)。

　　8．(2024·陜西，17改編)If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果我的車更可靠點兒的話，我去年夏天就會開車去拉薩，而不是坐飛機去了。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是對過去事實的虛擬，故if條件句用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would/could/might/should＋have＋過去分詞”。

　　9．(2024·北京，34改編)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.

　　答案：hadn't seen　根據(jù)主句中“wouldn't have believed”可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會相信。

　　10．(2024·陜西，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.

　　答案：danced　wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用could/should/would do；敘述與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故謂語動詞用過去式。句意：艾倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。

　　.語法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·廣東省六校聯(lián)考改編)

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become “the world's first harm”．

　　Two months ago, after __2__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：

　　1．which　thing后是非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故填which。

　　2．drinking　after在此是介詞，后跟動名詞。

　　3．heavily　修飾was drunk用副詞。

　　4．but　由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。

　　5．the　特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

　　6．Had　根據(jù)主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號前面是一個虛擬語氣的條件句，句子的謂語應(yīng)用had done形式；但是因為省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

　　7．hadn't died　if引導(dǎo)的是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句子，故應(yīng)用過去完成時，填hadn't died。

　　8．families　集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個家庭”，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式families。

　　9．could　wish后的從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，所以填could。

　　10．to drink　refuse后用動詞不定式作賓語，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。

　　語法專題7 虛擬語氣

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空

　　1．(2024·天津，13改編)I wish I________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.

　　答案：had been　利用虛擬語氣考查時態(tài)。句意為：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“參加妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時間狀語last Tuesday可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，此處表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故謂語用“had＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案為had been。

　　2．(2024·安徽，32改編)It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now.

　　答案：would/could/should/might　句意為：幸虧我們預(yù)訂了一個房間，要不然我們現(xiàn)在就無處可呆了。根據(jù)語境可知，or后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，此處為含蓄虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　3．(2024·四川成都二診改編)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Han's first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success.

　　答案：should　句意為：影評家們很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)韓寒的第一部電影《后會無期》，竟然獲得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”應(yīng)用should。

　　4．(2024·浙江杭州地區(qū)七校模擬改編)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call.

　　答案：had answered　句意為：當(dāng)你給我打電話的時候，我正在開會。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。wish后的從句中用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以謂語動詞用had done形式。

　　5．(2024·湖南懷化質(zhì)檢改編)Had it not been for my teacher's help, I wouldn't________(win)the first place in contest.

　　答案：have won　條件從句中的謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根據(jù)句意答案為have won。

　　6．(2024·湖南，22改編)If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果杜威先生在場的話，他就會為那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。從主句中的would have offered可以看出，從句表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故應(yīng)用過去完成時。

　　7．(2024·甘肅天水一中段考改編)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow than today.

　　答案：came　would rather后面接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞通常要用一般過去時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè)。

　　8．(2024·陜西，17改編)If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果我的車更可靠點兒的話，我去年夏天就會開車去拉薩，而不是坐飛機去了。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是對過去事實的虛擬，故if條件句用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would/could/might/should＋have＋過去分詞”。

　　9．(2024·北京，34改編)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.

　　答案：hadn't seen　根據(jù)主句中“wouldn't have believed”可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會相信。

　　10．(2024·陜西，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.

　　答案：danced　wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用could/should/would do；敘述與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故謂語動詞用過去式。句意：艾倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。

　　.語法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　(2024·廣東省六校聯(lián)考改編)

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become “the world's first harm”．

　　Two months ago, after __2__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：

　　1．which　thing后是非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故填which。

　　2．drinking　after在此是介詞，后跟動名詞。

　　3．heavily　修飾was drunk用副詞。

　　4．but　由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。

　　5．the　特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

　　6．Had　根據(jù)主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號前面是一個虛擬語氣的條件句，句子的謂語應(yīng)用had done形式；但是因為省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

　　7．hadn't died　if引導(dǎo)的是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句子，故應(yīng)用過去完成時，填hadn't died。

　　8．families　集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個家庭”，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式families。

　　9．could　wish后的從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，所以填could。

　　10．to drink　refuse后用動詞不定式作賓語，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。