Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

　　【熱點(diǎn)話題】(社會)周恩來體裁：記敘文寫作思路：出生日期—教育—成就—評價(jià)【美文誦讀】ething to make his country stronger and in 1922，he joined the Chinese Communist Party.He led the famous Nanchang Uprising on August 1，1927 and took part in the Long March.With_the_People's_Republic_of_China_founded③ he was elected Premier of the country.He put_all_his_heart_into_the_

　　work④，thinking little of his health.Premier Zhou died on January 8，1976，leaving the whole nation in deep sorrow for he was loved by all the people. Premier Zhou set_a_good_example_to⑤ all the Communists and will be alive in our hearts forever.

　　　【學(xué)海拾貝】按要求完成或翻譯下列句子。(決心去農(nóng)村工作)after graduation.(make up one's mind)(全身心投入研究工作)(put one's heart into)

　　3．Li Ming set_an_example_to_us_all(為我們大家樹立了榜樣)and he will live on in our hearts.(set an example to)肖暢出生于1976年11月20日湖南畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。Born_in_Hunan_on_November_20，1976，Xiao_Chang_graduated_from_Qinghua_University．(模仿①)張華的建議獲得通過后他當(dāng)選為公司總裁。de_President_of_the_company．(模仿③)

　　Ⅰ.按要求寫出下列單詞法則原則原理質(zhì)量品質(zhì)性質(zhì)報(bào)酬獎金；獎賞共和國共和政體 ．指．同盟聯(lián)盟聯(lián)合會 ．舞臺；階段時(shí)期 ．表決；投票選舉 ．進(jìn)攻攻擊 ．總統(tǒng)；會長；校長；行長 ．活躍的積極的.active

　　不積極的不活躍的活動 ．殘忍殘酷殘忍的殘酷的 殘忍地殘酷地 平等的平平等獻(xiàn)身專心于 ．忠誠奉獻(xiàn)忠實(shí)的深愛的5．法律的依照法律的非法的 非法地

　　用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。ent should do everything to create a society with equality．(equal)(act)

　　3．After years of fighting，the people longed for_peace．They wanted to live peacefully．(peaceful) (fair)

　　5．Hopefully，you can pass the examination and then your life will be changed.So don't feel so hopeless．I think your future is full of_hope．Let's hope for the best，OK? (hope)

　　Ⅱ.翻譯下列短語把某人投入監(jiān)獄put_sb.in_prison設(shè)立建立set_up喪失信心或勇氣lose_heart事實(shí)上as_a_matter_of_fact使充氣；爆炸 blow_up失業(yè)out_of_work被判處……(徒刑)be_sentenced_to擔(dān)心擔(dān)憂 worry_about/be_worried_about上臺當(dāng)權(quán) come_to_power在……方面慷慨be_generous_with_sth.以暴制暴answer_violence_with_violence對……抱有希望be_hopeful_about實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想achieve_one's_dream

　　選用上述短語完成下列短文。(1)As_a_matter_of_fact，I was grateful to him for his kindness when I was (2)out_of_work．He encouraged me not to (3)lose_heart and believe in myself. His encouragement made me (4) hopeful_about my future. I began as an office boy(5) achieved_my_dream in the end.

　　Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.(p.33)

　　1969年7月他成了第一個(gè)登上月球的人。

　　the first/second (＋) to do sth.

　　第一個(gè)/第二個(gè)做某事的人(＋) to do sth.

　　最后一個(gè)做某事的人還可表示“絕不會做某事”每天張先生都是第一個(gè)來辦公室的人。[模仿造句]根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。(1)奧巴馬是第一個(gè)當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)的黑人。irst black person to_be_elected_president_of_

　　the_US．(2)他總是第一個(gè)來而且是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。…Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(p.34)

　　只有在那時(shí)我們才決定用暴力

　　Only＋狀語＋部分倒裝。 其中狀語可以是副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句等。antity.

　　只有在那時(shí)我們才意識到質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更重要。[模根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。(1)只有在那時(shí)我才明白學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性。(2)只有當(dāng)你對未來充滿信念時(shí)你才會忘記困難。ll_you_forget_the_difficulties.

　　3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(p.38)

　　第一次我向(參觀)小組談?wù)?羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時(shí)心里覺得很不好受。

　　the first/second/last time＋從句某人第一次/第二次/最后一次……的時(shí)候第一次得到獎賞時(shí)我的心情好極了。我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了1964年第一次見到你的情景。我們最后一次見面是在武漢。[模仿造句]用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)我第一次見到他時(shí)就認(rèn)為他誠實(shí)可信。(to_be)_honest_and_reliable_the_first_time_I_saw_him.

　　(2)我第一The_first_time_I_saw_him，he_was_repairing_a_bike_for_an_

　　old_man_for_free.

　　用上述海水把威爾遜先生從船上卷走他便成了第一個(gè)在這荒島上居住的人。第一次生火向一艘路過的船只發(fā)出求救信號時(shí)他失敗了。直到他在荒島上生活了半年后他才被一架直升飛機(jī)救走。island.He_failed_the_first_time_he_made_a_fire_to_give_a_signal_for_help_to_a_passing_ship.Only_after_he_spent_half_a_year_on_the_island_was_he_rescued_by_a_helicopter.

　　短文改錯(cuò)的解題技巧

　　短文改錯(cuò)1)試題的立意特點(diǎn)。短文改錯(cuò)是全面考查考生對英語基礎(chǔ)知識的靈活運(yùn)用能力的一種題型它并不只單純檢測考生的語法知識也是對考生寫作能力的全面考查。可以說它是書面表達(dá)的另一種形式。做好短文改錯(cuò)題將會為寫好書面表達(dá)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。(2)試題的設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。短文改錯(cuò)通常從詞法、句法和行文邏輯三個(gè)角度設(shè)題考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。錯(cuò)誤類型有三種：多詞、少詞和錯(cuò)詞。在總題量10個(gè)小題中其比例一般為1∶1∶8即1個(gè)多詞、1個(gè)少詞、8個(gè)錯(cuò)詞。在錯(cuò)詞中大多涉及動詞、名詞、形容詞2．短文改錯(cuò)的解題步驟。(1)要瀏覽全文從語篇入手整體把握全文大意。(2)審查句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷句子的表達(dá)是否符合行文邏輯是否符合語法規(guī)范。從“多、缺、錯(cuò)”三個(gè)方面入手進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)。短文改錯(cuò)大多數(shù)都是句子層次的問題側(cè)重語言的準(zhǔn)確性。所以對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的審查是關(guān)鍵的一步。(3)從語法結(jié)構(gòu)入手在判斷正誤的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)語法規(guī)則改正句子中的錯(cuò)誤之處。(4)重新通讀全文以檢查在改錯(cuò)過程中是否有因上下文制約而導(dǎo)致的誤改。

　　文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤。請?jiān)谟绣e(cuò)誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個(gè)單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()畫掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2024·浙江卷)I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.everal rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.

　　No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket璷wner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show cooncern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.

　　答案：

　　第一節(jié)　閱讀理解

　　閱讀下面的短文從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A

　　(2024·河北衡水中學(xué)三模)Twelve years ago.I had heard of a job opportunity and decided to pursue it.But it never became a reality.I quickly learned that being alone without resources in an unfamiliar city was not a comfortable situation to be in.

　　Once my limited funds ran out I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando. Apart from feeling not being noticed and missing my family，I had to face another challenge—hunger.

　　For the first time in my life，I, as a foreign man, who had lived my life in the relative comfort of the middle class, understood the desperation someone feels when they don't get enough to eat.I clearly remembered having run a distance of more than 7 miles on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program before they closed at 7 p．m.

　　Once the need for food was met, the next challenge would arise－where to find a place to sleep for the night.Fortunately ability to survive my painful experience.

　　With the assistance of these programs，I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition and obtained two degrees from Valencia.

　　My experience has helped me understand that devoting my life to helping others offers lasting rewards. Today, I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversees the summer feeding, Hi－Five Kids Pack, (分配) food resources to those wonderful programs and help hundreds more like me.ing there.

　　D．The author rejected many chances to get a job in Florida.

　　2．Why did the author run a distance of over 7 miles on many occasions ?

　　A．Because he didn't want to be late for work there.

　　B．Because he desired to get some free food to eat.

　　C．Because he went there to give his hand to the poor.

　　D．Because he helped distribute food resources to the poor.

　　3．Before being accepted by a college scholarship program, the

　　author________．n his degree in a university

　　C．had been struggling financially

　　D．had lost hope of facing the future

　　4．From

　　his

　　experience , the

　　author

　　learned

　　that________．C．where there is a will there is a way

　　D．one good turn deserves another

　　語篇解讀：本文記敘文講述了作者在陌生的地方的經(jīng)歷和感受。解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“我聽說有一個(gè)工作機(jī)會于是決A。作者想找工作但沒有找到而不拒絕工作機(jī)會故排除D項(xiàng)；文中未提到當(dāng)?shù)厝苏夜ぷ鞯那闆r故排除B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)是對第一段最后一句話的錯(cuò)誤解讀故排除C項(xiàng)。答案：A解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一句可知作者是去尋求免費(fèi)食物故選B。答案：B解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。C項(xiàng)。答案：C解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段的內(nèi)容可推斷出選D項(xiàng)。(要以德報(bào)德)答案：DB

　　London has become a cycle-friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme.It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London.

　　So how does it work? First you have to sign up for the scheme to be sent a key.The key will unlock one of the bikes，which are kept at docking stations in and around central London. You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go for the Length of time you use the bike.

　　Transport for London, which runs the scheme, is hoping to have

　　6，000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the

　　year.The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion(擁擠) in London and is expected to create up to 40 on our roads as black cabs and red buses”．d.Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few“teething problems”and said they wouldn't charge for the first day as a “gesture of goodwill”．Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles.

　　Despite the comments，the green-thinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things，saying，“My campaign for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a big pedal-powered push forwards.”

　　5．London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the new bike hire scheme in order to____________． exercise

　　6．If you want to hire a bike，in which order will you do?

　　a．pay for the key to a bike

　　b．sign up as a member to get a key

　　c．cycle in and around central London

　　d．pay according to the time you use the bike

　　A．b→a→c→d　B．b→d→c→ab→a

　　D．d→b→c→a____________．____________．語篇解讀：本文為資訊報(bào)道。題材為出行交通方式。倫敦在市長的倡議下實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)新的自行車出租方案這一方案旨在鼓勵(lì)人們騎自行車以緩解倫敦的交通擁擠狀況。解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知這個(gè)方案旨在緩解倫敦的交通擁擠狀況。答案B

　　6．解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段可知要想租自行車首先注冊會員以便獲得鑰匙然后支付自行車鑰匙的使用費(fèi)接下來你可以在倫敦市區(qū)及附近使用自行車最后根據(jù)你使用自行車的時(shí)間付費(fèi)。答案：A解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“couldn't dock their bikes properly”及最后一句可排除A、B、C、三項(xiàng)。答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知倫敦市長對這個(gè)方案充滿信心。答案：C第二節(jié)　完形填空閱讀下面的短文掌握其大意然后從1～20題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。just stunned(愣住) and did not ____1________2____ car, and left the parking lot.Mum wasn't paying attention to her____3____， but all of a sudden she ____4____ hard on the brakes(剎車) and we both went____5________6____， half on and half off his bike.“Where did you get your license, woman？” he shouted, ____7____ me！”____8____ shaking his head.It was then that Mum and I looked at each other.We cried, as we came to ____9____ that I had (a) ____10____．We talked about it for hours, ____11____ support and that I was going to be____12____.

　　Twelve years later, at age 31, cancer has now been put ____13____ me.I had major surgery(手術(shù)) and four months of radiation treatment.Thank God, (n) ____14____ stage, and I was able to make a full recovery.

　　Cancer____15____ me so much — so much for the better.It ____16____me to appreciate life and those in my life, and to never ____17____ anything for granted.Life is too short and you have to live each moment to the very ____18____.

　　To this day, I wish I could ____19____that man on the bike.I'd like to tell him that he was not the only survivor to come____20____ that day, as I am living proof.

　　nderstand

　　C．learn

　　D．realize

　　2．A.blue

　　B．green

　　C．yellow

　　D．red

　　3．A.condition

　　B．surroundings

　　C．car

　　D．road sign

　　4．A.worked

　　B．drove

　　C．pushed

　　D．stepped

　　5.A.upward

　　B．downward

　　C．forward

　　D．backward

　　6.A.bike

　　B．car

　　C．driver

　　D．cyclist

　　7.A.killed

　　B．beat

　　C．knocked

　　D．caught

　　8．A.happily

　　B．luckily

　　C．just

　　D．right

　　9．A.feel

　　B．find

　　C．realize

　　D．treat

　　10．A.cancer

　　B．cold

　　C．headache

　　D．stomachache

　　11．A.many

　　B．little

　　C．much

　　D．few

　　12．A.right

　　B．a(chǎn)ll right

　　C．weak

　　D．a(chǎn)ll over

　　13．A.on

　　B．down

　　C．off

　　D．behind

　　14．A.early

　　B．late

　　C．fast

　　D．slow

　　15．A.frightened

　　B．changed ke

　　20．A.up to

　　B．out of

　　C．by

　　D．off

　　語篇解讀：本文講述了作者在被診斷出患了癌癥后回家的路上差點(diǎn)遭遇車禍這使得作者從中得到了生活下去的勇氣并最終戰(zhàn)勝了病魔。解析：本文第一句即描述了一番面對突如其來的打擊無言以對的情景。根據(jù)“no words were spoken”可知彼此之間不知道說什么好。答案：A解析：sky blue“天藍(lán)色”。答案：A解析：根據(jù)下文差點(diǎn)發(fā)生車禍可知媽媽開車時(shí)沒有注意周圍的環(huán)境。答案：B解析：根據(jù)“on the brakes”可知是踩剎車。故選stepped。答案：D解析：根據(jù)常識急剎車會令車內(nèi)的人身體往前傾。 答案：C解析：根據(jù)下文的bike可知是個(gè)騎自行車的人。答案：D解析：根據(jù)情境可知killed表達(dá)騎自行車的人的憤怒。 答案：A解析： just表示強(qiáng)調(diào)只是僅僅”與后面的“shaking his head”連用表示“一個(gè)勁地?fù)u頭”。答案：C解析：句意：當(dāng)我們開始意識到我患了癌癥我們都哭了。 答案：C解析：根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知作者是患了癌癥。 答案：A解析：support在此是不可數(shù)名詞故選much來修飾。 答案：C解析：be all right“一切都會好的”。 答案：B解析：put behind“放在后面”此處指“我”擺脫了癌答案：D解析：at an early stage“早期”。 答案：A解析：根據(jù)后面的“so much for better”可知此處指這場病使作者改變了許多。其他選項(xiàng)不符合語境。答案：B解析：句意：這教會了我去感激生命和生命里答案：C解析：take...for granted“想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然”。 答案：D解析：句意：生命太短暫了你應(yīng)該將每一刻活到最充分。答案：C解析：根據(jù)下文“I'd like to tell him”可知此處指作答案：A解析：come out of “出自來自”此處可理解為“幸存下來”。答案：B第三節(jié)　語法填空閱讀下面的短文按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。 However, rather than fill the next three months with sleep, eating, and 1.________