考點規范練22(必修4　Module 4)

　　　考點規范練第44頁　?

　　.閱讀理解

　　A

　　In the 1700s,a scientist was someone who thought about the way things work and tried to find out ways to make things work better.Today,that definition is still true.Every time Ben Franklin saw a question and tried to answer it.He was a scientist.Ben is most famous for his questions about electricity,but he also experimented with many other ideas in nature.

　　In 1743,Ben observed that northeast storms begin in the southwest.He thought it was strange that storms travel in an opposite direction to their winds.He predicted that a storm’s course could be charted.Ben rode a horse through a storm and chased a whirlwind three-quarters of a mile in order to learn more about storms.So,in a way,Ben was a weatherman too!

　　Since Ben spent so much time sailing to Europe across the Atlantic Ocean,he became very interested in both ocean currents and shipbuilding.Ben was actually one of the first people to chart the Gulf Stream.

　　In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France,working on a peace treaty to end the American war against England.From his hotel window,he was able to watch the world’s first known hot-air balloon flight.The balloon lifted the Montgolfier brothers off the ground as the first human beings ever known to fly.Ben was very interested in the idea of flight,predicting that one day balloons would be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during the battle.Soon,balloons were actually being used for entertainment,military,and scientific purposes.Even though they could not yet be steered,many people volunteered to take a ride just for fun!Sadly,Ben Franklin died three years before the first American hot-air balloon voyage.In 1793,Jean-Pierre Blanchard lifted off from the Walnut Street Prison Yard in Philadelphia,beginning the hot-air balloon craze in America.

　　【語篇導讀】本文主要講述了著名科學家本·富蘭克林探索科學,尤其是有關熱氣球的故事。

　　1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?

　　A.Ben Franklin was a true scientist.

　　B.Ben Franklin could hardly be called a scientist.

　　C.Ben Franklin was most interested in electricity.

　　D.Ben Franklin was only interested in things in nature.

　　答案:A

　　解析:細節理解題。第一段首先給出了科學家的定義,然后說本·富蘭克林每次看到一個問題,他都想把它解答出來,是一位科學家。據此可知,本·富蘭克林是一個真正的科學家。故選A項。

　　2.Ben Franklin went to Paris in November of 1783 to 　.?

　　A.sign a treaty

　　B.have a talk with Britain

　　C.seek support from France

　　D.experiment with hot-air balloons

　　答案:A

　　解析:細節理解題。由題干中的in November of 1783可將答案定位于最后一段第一句“In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France,working on a peace treaty to end the American war against England.(在1783年11月,Ben碰巧去了法國的巴黎,去簽一項美國與英國結束戰爭的和平條約。)”據此可知,本·富蘭克林在1783年去巴黎是簽條約的。故選A項。

　　3.When Ben Franklin saw the first known hot-air balloon flight,he predicted hot-air balloons 　.?

　　A.would be a risky sport

　　B.could be used in wars

　　C.couldn’t be widely used in the future

　　D.could be mostly used for entertainment

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。由題干信息可知,本題答案應定位于最后一段中的“Ben was very interested in the idea of flight,predicting that one day balloons would be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during the battle.(本對飛行的想法非常感興趣,預測有一天熱氣球會被用于軍事間諜飛行中,并在戰爭中投放炸彈。)”據此可知,當時本·富蘭克林預測熱氣球會應用于戰爭。故選B項。

　　4.We can infer from the last paragraph that Ben Franklin 　.?

　　A.introduced hot-air balloons to America

　　B.saw the hot-air balloon flight by accident

　　C.was not interested in hot-air balloons at first

　　D.made a wrong prediction about hot-air balloons

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據最后一段前兩句“In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France...From his hotel window,he was able to watch the world’s first known hot-air balloon flight.(在1783年11月,Ben碰巧去了法國的巴黎……透過他下榻的賓館的窗戶,他看到了當時世界上第一個熱氣球的飛行。)”據此可推知,本·富蘭克林是偶然看到了熱氣球的飛行。故選B項。

　　B

　　When thinking of endangered species,most people will automatically imagine the large mammals:giant panda bears,rhinos or tigers.However,there are hundreds of smaller species who find themselves on the endangered list.The task of preserving these species and increasing their numbers sufficiently to remove them from the endangered species list falls to citizens;and fish hatcheries(孵化場) would seem to be one such method to achieve this.

　　The aim of fish hatcheries in aiding endangered species is to breed individuals in a controlled environment for release into the wild in order to increase the number of individuals in the natural population.There are two types of programs with very different focuses.An augmentation(增大) program seeks to increase the natural population for commercial use.The hatchery fish are not intended for integration into the wild population,and generally the fish that are reared in the hatchery become the brood(一窩) stock for the next generation,although straying does occur.Breeding fish in these hatcheries uses a limited genetic pool,which creates a genetic drift from the wild population and limits the genetic variance of the captive bred population in comparison with the wild population.

　　Programs that are focused specifically on conservation are more beneficial to endangered species.These programs use adults from both the natural population and hatchery origins.The juveniles are kept in a proper facility before they are released into the wild population to continue their life cycle in conjunction(關聯) with the wild population.These hatcheries are focused on the long-term increase in the numbers and the fitness of the fish instead of the short-term boost in numbers.There is a constant need for monitoring of the genetic and ecological impact(影響) of the program to ensure that the hatchery-bred fish do not replace the natural fish.

　　The research is still ongoing,and more is being learned about the impact of fish hatcheries on the natural population and what can be done to minimize the negative effects.With an increase in the awareness of the effects of hatcheries on the natural population,more steps can be taken to reduce this impact and the conservation efforts will improve.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是科普閱讀。介紹瀕臨滅絕魚類的人工孵化,通過孵化可以增加它們的數量,避免滅絕。

　　5.What is the main purpose of fish hatcheries?

　　A.To increase fish numbers for commercial use.

　　B.To raise people’s awareness of endangered fish.

　　C.To increase the numbers of endangered fish species.

　　D.To help endangered fish survive in the wild.

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。從文章第一段最后一句可知,人工孵化是通過增加瀕臨滅絕魚類的數量,避免它們滅絕。

　　6.What do we know about fish produced from augmentation program?

　　A.They are usually released into the wild.

　　B.They become the brood stock for the next generation.

　　C.They are mixed with the wild population.

　　D.They are used to improve genetic pool.

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。從文章第二段的“generally the fish that are reared in the hatchery become the brood(一窩) stock for the next generation”可知,增量項目孵化的魚是作為下一代種魚來儲存。

　　7.What is the disadvantage of augmentation program?

　　A.Straying often occurs during the process.

　　B.It increases fish numbers too quickly.

　　C.It has a limit genetic pool of the fish.

　　D.It can harm the natural fish.

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。從文章第二段的“Breeding fish in these hatcheries uses a limited genetic pool”可知,增量孵化時,所使用的基因庫有限。

　　8.Which of the following is true about programs focused specifically on conservation?

　　A.They use a more variant genetic pool.

　　B.They are carried out in a natural environment.

　　C.They use only adults from natural population.

　　D.They produce perfect natural fish.

　　答案:A

　　解析:推理判斷題。從文章第三段可知,第二種人工孵化使用人工培育的魚和野外的魚雜交,因此這種孵化方式所使用的基因庫更多樣。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

　　Everyone is forgetful,but as we age,we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit — and that can be a very annoying thing.1.　Read on for some techniques worth trying.?

　　1.2.?

　　People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease (早老性癡呆癥),according to a recent study.3.　 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better.In other words,keep your brain looking forward.?

　　2.Go for a walk.

　　Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.4.?

　　3.Learn something new.

　　Take a Spanish class online,join a drawing club,or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.5.　Or go dancing with your friends.?

　　A.But don’t worry if your schedule isn’t filled with life-changing events.

　　B.This can be especially harmful to the aged.

　　C.It should be something like learning gardening.

　　D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

　　E.Focus on the future.

　　F.In other words,when you take care of your body,you take care of your brain.

　　G.Luckily,research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

　　答案與解析:

　　【語篇導讀】本文介紹了如何使自己的大腦處于一個反應敏捷的狀態,本文從三個維度給大家提供了一些小建議。

　　1.G　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。該空前面介紹的是隨著我們年齡的增長,大腦反應逐漸變得遲緩的道理,而該空后面是描述如何使自己的大腦保持一個比較敏捷的狀態,前后兩句需要一個句子來緩沖,所以G項就提出了專家學者發現避免這種問題的方法。

　　2.E　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。根據下文的“In other words,keep your brain looking forward.”可以看出該段的主旨是關注未來。

　　3.A　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。“Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.”推斷A項符合。

　　4.F　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。該空所在的段落,大概是講述的運動對健康的好處,所以要多運動,學會照顧自己的身體。

　　5.C　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。在備選項當中只有C項符合。

　　Ⅲ.語篇填空

　　(2024江西八所重點中學聯考)

　　Would you like to explore(勘探) the oceans?Do you want to find 1.life than we imagine there?For Jacques Cousteau,the answer was “yes”.His career was a lifelong dream,and he is 2.(probable) the most famous ocean scientist in recent times.

　　Cousteau was born in France in 1910.Even 3. a child,he loved water.Cousteau was bright,4. he got bored with school and began to cause trouble.His parents sent him to a strict boarding school.There,Cousteau finally 5.(challenge).He studied hard and did well in all his courses.In 1933,he served as a general officer in the French Navy.He also began to explore the life under the water.He worked 6. a breathing machine to stay under water longer.It was finished in 1943.

　　In 1948,Cousteau became a captain,and he had new duties.Even so,he continued to explore the oceans.Two years later,he became the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns.He also bought a ship 7.(help) with his dives.But he 8.(need) a way to get money for his trips.To do that,he produced many films and published a number of books.His films include The Silent World (1956) and World Without Sun (1966).One of his books is The Living Sea(1963).

　　In 1974,he founded the Cousteau Society,9. function was to further oceanic research and encourage people to help protect the oceans and the life within them.

　　Cousteau won many honors for his work,10.(include) the Presidential Medal of Freedom and membership in the French Academy in 1989.

　　答案與解析:

　　【語篇導讀】本文主要介紹了法國著名的海洋科學家雅克·庫斯托的相關情況。

　　1.more　解析:考查固定搭配。more...than...“比起……更……”。

　　2.probably　解析:考查副詞。他可能是近代最著名的海洋科學家。此處應用副詞做狀語。

　　3.as　解析:考查介詞。甚至當他還是個孩子的時候,他就愛上了水。as表示“在某一年齡段時”。

　　4.but　解析:考查連詞。根據語境可知,前后句是轉折關系,應用but。

　　5.was challenged　解析:考查時態和語態。在那里,他最終受到了激勵。由全文的時態可知,應用一般過去時;雅克·庫斯托是被激勵,故應用被動語態。

　　6.on　解析:考查介詞。work on sth.“努力改善(或完成)某事”。

　　7.to help　解析:考查動詞不定式。他還買了一艘船來幫助他潛水。此處應用動詞不定式表示目的。

　　8.needed　解析:考查一般過去時。為了航行,他需要一種賺錢的途徑。由前面的“bought”可知,此處應用一般過去時。

　　9.whose　解析:考查定語從句。whose引導定語從句,且在從句中做定語,修飾“function”。

　　10.including　解析:考查介詞。雅克·庫斯托贏得了很多榮譽,包括(including)總統自由勛章和1989年獲得的法國學術會員身份。

　　考點規范練22(必修4　Module 4)

　　　考點規范練第44頁　?

　　.閱讀理解

　　A

　　In the 1700s,a scientist was someone who thought about the way things work and tried to find out ways to make things work better.Today,that definition is still true.Every time Ben Franklin saw a question and tried to answer it.He was a scientist.Ben is most famous for his questions about electricity,but he also experimented with many other ideas in nature.

　　In 1743,Ben observed that northeast storms begin in the southwest.He thought it was strange that storms travel in an opposite direction to their winds.He predicted that a storm’s course could be charted.Ben rode a horse through a storm and chased a whirlwind three-quarters of a mile in order to learn more about storms.So,in a way,Ben was a weatherman too!

　　Since Ben spent so much time sailing to Europe across the Atlantic Ocean,he became very interested in both ocean currents and shipbuilding.Ben was actually one of the first people to chart the Gulf Stream.

　　In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France,working on a peace treaty to end the American war against England.From his hotel window,he was able to watch the world’s first known hot-air balloon flight.The balloon lifted the Montgolfier brothers off the ground as the first human beings ever known to fly.Ben was very interested in the idea of flight,predicting that one day balloons would be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during the battle.Soon,balloons were actually being used for entertainment,military,and scientific purposes.Even though they could not yet be steered,many people volunteered to take a ride just for fun!Sadly,Ben Franklin died three years before the first American hot-air balloon voyage.In 1793,Jean-Pierre Blanchard lifted off from the Walnut Street Prison Yard in Philadelphia,beginning the hot-air balloon craze in America.

　　【語篇導讀】本文主要講述了著名科學家本·富蘭克林探索科學,尤其是有關熱氣球的故事。

　　1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?

　　A.Ben Franklin was a true scientist.

　　B.Ben Franklin could hardly be called a scientist.

　　C.Ben Franklin was most interested in electricity.

　　D.Ben Franklin was only interested in things in nature.

　　答案:A

　　解析:細節理解題。第一段首先給出了科學家的定義,然后說本·富蘭克林每次看到一個問題,他都想把它解答出來,是一位科學家。據此可知,本·富蘭克林是一個真正的科學家。故選A項。

　　2.Ben Franklin went to Paris in November of 1783 to 　.?

　　A.sign a treaty

　　B.have a talk with Britain

　　C.seek support from France

　　D.experiment with hot-air balloons

　　答案:A

　　解析:細節理解題。由題干中的in November of 1783可將答案定位于最后一段第一句“In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France,working on a peace treaty to end the American war against England.(在1783年11月,Ben碰巧去了法國的巴黎,去簽一項美國與英國結束戰爭的和平條約。)”據此可知,本·富蘭克林在1783年去巴黎是簽條約的。故選A項。

　　3.When Ben Franklin saw the first known hot-air balloon flight,he predicted hot-air balloons 　.?

　　A.would be a risky sport

　　B.could be used in wars

　　C.couldn’t be widely used in the future

　　D.could be mostly used for entertainment

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。由題干信息可知,本題答案應定位于最后一段中的“Ben was very interested in the idea of flight,predicting that one day balloons would be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during the battle.(本對飛行的想法非常感興趣,預測有一天熱氣球會被用于軍事間諜飛行中,并在戰爭中投放炸彈。)”據此可知,當時本·富蘭克林預測熱氣球會應用于戰爭。故選B項。

　　4.We can infer from the last paragraph that Ben Franklin 　.?

　　A.introduced hot-air balloons to America

　　B.saw the hot-air balloon flight by accident

　　C.was not interested in hot-air balloons at first

　　D.made a wrong prediction about hot-air balloons

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據最后一段前兩句“In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France...From his hotel window,he was able to watch the world’s first known hot-air balloon flight.(在1783年11月,Ben碰巧去了法國的巴黎……透過他下榻的賓館的窗戶,他看到了當時世界上第一個熱氣球的飛行。)”據此可推知,本·富蘭克林是偶然看到了熱氣球的飛行。故選B項。

　　B

　　When thinking of endangered species,most people will automatically imagine the large mammals:giant panda bears,rhinos or tigers.However,there are hundreds of smaller species who find themselves on the endangered list.The task of preserving these species and increasing their numbers sufficiently to remove them from the endangered species list falls to citizens;and fish hatcheries(孵化場) would seem to be one such method to achieve this.

　　The aim of fish hatcheries in aiding endangered species is to breed individuals in a controlled environment for release into the wild in order to increase the number of individuals in the natural population.There are two types of programs with very different focuses.An augmentation(增大) program seeks to increase the natural population for commercial use.The hatchery fish are not intended for integration into the wild population,and generally the fish that are reared in the hatchery become the brood(一窩) stock for the next generation,although straying does occur.Breeding fish in these hatcheries uses a limited genetic pool,which creates a genetic drift from the wild population and limits the genetic variance of the captive bred population in comparison with the wild population.

　　Programs that are focused specifically on conservation are more beneficial to endangered species.These programs use adults from both the natural population and hatchery origins.The juveniles are kept in a proper facility before they are released into the wild population to continue their life cycle in conjunction(關聯) with the wild population.These hatcheries are focused on the long-term increase in the numbers and the fitness of the fish instead of the short-term boost in numbers.There is a constant need for monitoring of the genetic and ecological impact(影響) of the program to ensure that the hatchery-bred fish do not replace the natural fish.

　　The research is still ongoing,and more is being learned about the impact of fish hatcheries on the natural population and what can be done to minimize the negative effects.With an increase in the awareness of the effects of hatcheries on the natural population,more steps can be taken to reduce this impact and the conservation efforts will improve.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是科普閱讀。介紹瀕臨滅絕魚類的人工孵化,通過孵化可以增加它們的數量,避免滅絕。

　　5.What is the main purpose of fish hatcheries?

　　A.To increase fish numbers for commercial use.

　　B.To raise people’s awareness of endangered fish.

　　C.To increase the numbers of endangered fish species.

　　D.To help endangered fish survive in the wild.

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。從文章第一段最后一句可知,人工孵化是通過增加瀕臨滅絕魚類的數量,避免它們滅絕。

　　6.What do we know about fish produced from augmentation program?

　　A.They are usually released into the wild.

　　B.They become the brood stock for the next generation.

　　C.They are mixed with the wild population.

　　D.They are used to improve genetic pool.

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。從文章第二段的“generally the fish that are reared in the hatchery become the brood(一窩) stock for the next generation”可知,增量項目孵化的魚是作為下一代種魚來儲存。

　　7.What is the disadvantage of augmentation program?

　　A.Straying often occurs during the process.

　　B.It increases fish numbers too quickly.

　　C.It has a limit genetic pool of the fish.

　　D.It can harm the natural fish.

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。從文章第二段的“Breeding fish in these hatcheries uses a limited genetic pool”可知,增量孵化時,所使用的基因庫有限。

　　8.Which of the following is true about programs focused specifically on conservation?

　　A.They use a more variant genetic pool.

　　B.They are carried out in a natural environment.

　　C.They use only adults from natural population.

　　D.They produce perfect natural fish.

　　答案:A

　　解析:推理判斷題。從文章第三段可知,第二種人工孵化使用人工培育的魚和野外的魚雜交,因此這種孵化方式所使用的基因庫更多樣。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

　　Everyone is forgetful,but as we age,we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit — and that can be a very annoying thing.1.　Read on for some techniques worth trying.?

　　1.2.?

　　People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease (早老性癡呆癥),according to a recent study.3.　 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better.In other words,keep your brain looking forward.?

　　2.Go for a walk.

　　Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.4.?

　　3.Learn something new.

　　Take a Spanish class online,join a drawing club,or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.5.　Or go dancing with your friends.?

　　A.But don’t worry if your schedule isn’t filled with life-changing events.

　　B.This can be especially harmful to the aged.

　　C.It should be something like learning gardening.

　　D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

　　E.Focus on the future.

　　F.In other words,when you take care of your body,you take care of your brain.

　　G.Luckily,research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

　　答案與解析:

　　【語篇導讀】本文介紹了如何使自己的大腦處于一個反應敏捷的狀態,本文從三個維度給大家提供了一些小建議。

　　1.G　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。該空前面介紹的是隨著我們年齡的增長,大腦反應逐漸變得遲緩的道理,而該空后面是描述如何使自己的大腦保持一個比較敏捷的狀態,前后兩句需要一個句子來緩沖,所以G項就提出了專家學者發現避免這種問題的方法。

　　2.E　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。根據下文的“In other words,keep your brain looking forward.”可以看出該段的主旨是關注未來。

　　3.A　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。“Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.”推斷A項符合。

　　4.F　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。該空所在的段落,大概是講述的運動對健康的好處,所以要多運動,學會照顧自己的身體。

　　5.C　解析:考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷。在備選項當中只有C項符合。

　　Ⅲ.語篇填空

　　(2024江西八所重點中學聯考)

　　Would you like to explore(勘探) the oceans?Do you want to find 1.life than we imagine there?For Jacques Cousteau,the answer was “yes”.His career was a lifelong dream,and he is 2.(probable) the most famous ocean scientist in recent times.

　　Cousteau was born in France in 1910.Even 3. a child,he loved water.Cousteau was bright,4. he got bored with school and began to cause trouble.His parents sent him to a strict boarding school.There,Cousteau finally 5.(challenge).He studied hard and did well in all his courses.In 1933,he served as a general officer in the French Navy.He also began to explore the life under the water.He worked 6. a breathing machine to stay under water longer.It was finished in 1943.

　　In 1948,Cousteau became a captain,and he had new duties.Even so,he continued to explore the oceans.Two years later,he became the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns.He also bought a ship 7.(help) with his dives.But he 8.(need) a way to get money for his trips.To do that,he produced many films and published a number of books.His films include The Silent World (1956) and World Without Sun (1966).One of his books is The Living Sea(1963).

　　In 1974,he founded the Cousteau Society,9. function was to further oceanic research and encourage people to help protect the oceans and the life within them.

　　Cousteau won many honors for his work,10.(include) the Presidential Medal of Freedom and membership in the French Academy in 1989.

　　答案與解析:

　　【語篇導讀】本文主要介紹了法國著名的海洋科學家雅克·庫斯托的相關情況。

　　1.more　解析:考查固定搭配。more...than...“比起……更……”。

　　2.probably　解析:考查副詞。他可能是近代最著名的海洋科學家。此處應用副詞做狀語。

　　3.as　解析:考查介詞。甚至當他還是個孩子的時候,他就愛上了水。as表示“在某一年齡段時”。

　　4.but　解析:考查連詞。根據語境可知,前后句是轉折關系,應用but。

　　5.was challenged　解析:考查時態和語態。在那里,他最終受到了激勵。由全文的時態可知,應用一般過去時;雅克·庫斯托是被激勵,故應用被動語態。

　　6.on　解析:考查介詞。work on sth.“努力改善(或完成)某事”。

　　7.to help　解析:考查動詞不定式。他還買了一艘船來幫助他潛水。此處應用動詞不定式表示目的。

　　8.needed　解析:考查一般過去時。為了航行,他需要一種賺錢的途徑。由前面的“bought”可知,此處應用一般過去時。

　　9.whose　解析:考查定語從句。whose引導定語從句,且在從句中做定語,修飾“function”。

　　10.including　解析:考查介詞。雅克·庫斯托贏得了很多榮譽,包括(including)總統自由勛章和1989年獲得的法國學術會員身份。