第九講

　　形容詞和副詞

　　單句語法填空

　　1．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.

　　3．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　4．(2024·廣東高考語法填空)He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. Luckily (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.

　　5．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.

　　6．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)．

　　7．(2024·遼寧高考語法填空)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!

　　8．(2024·遼寧高考語法填空)I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain)．

　　一、形容詞、副詞的原級比較

　　1．“as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as”與“not＋as/so＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as”表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同/不同。

　　①Actually, Jack is as old as Jim.

　　事實上，杰克和吉姆(年齡)一樣大。

　　②He doesn’t run so/as fast as his younger brother.

　　他沒有他弟弟跑得快。

　　2．當(dāng)as ... as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　①Today is as busy a day as yesterday.

　　今天跟昨天一樣忙。

　　②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.

　　亨利的書沒有我的書多。

　　3．“as＋形容詞原級＋as＋具體數(shù)字”表示“高/深/多……達(dá)……”。

　　①The temperature here is as high as 39℃.

　　這里的氣溫高達(dá)39攝氏度。

　　②The building is as tall as 100 meters.

　　這座樓高達(dá)100米。

　　二、形容詞、副詞的比較級

　　1．形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則

　　(1)規(guī)則變化

　　構(gòu)成 例詞

　　原級 比較級 最高級

　　單音節(jié)的詞一般情況下直接加-er和-est small smaller smallest

　　great greater greatest

　　hard harder hardest

　　以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加-r和-st nice nicer nicest

　　cute cuter cutest

　　able abler ablest

　　以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，且前面只有一個元音的詞，雙寫輔音字母后再加-er和-est fat fatter fattest

　　thin thinner thinnest

　　hot hotter hottest

　　以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-est easy easier easiest

　　happy happier happiest

　　early earlier earliest

　　少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，加-er和-est clever cleverer cleverest

　　narrow narrower narrowest

　　其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞一般在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful

　　popular more popular most popular

　　efficiently more efficiently most efficiently

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　①有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：common, handsome, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以-ow，-er結(jié)尾的詞。

　　②有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有：right (正確的), wrong (錯誤的), excellent (優(yōu)秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的)等。

　　—————————————————————————————————————

　　(2)不規(guī)則變化

　　原級 比較級 最高級

　　good, well better best

　　bad, ill worse worst

　　many, much more most

　　little less least

　　far farther/further farthest/furthest

　　old older/elder oldest/eldest

　　2.形容詞、副詞比較級的用法

　　(1)比較級＋than ...“比……更”；less ...than“不如……”。

　　Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.

　　在網(wǎng)上搜尋信息要比在圖書館里方便。

　　(2)比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑問句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。

　　—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　—Why? It’s far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.

　　——我不得不說這部電影真的沒意思。

　　——為什么？它比我看過的所有電影都有意思。

　　(3)the＋比較級，the＋比較級“越……，越……”。

　　The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient’s chances.

　　病人越早接受治療，康復(fù)的可能性就越大。

　　(4)the＋比較級＋of (the)＋名詞/代詞“(兩者中)較……的”。

　　Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.

　　這兩個照相機(jī)，我喜歡較小的一個，它容易攜帶。

　　三、形容詞、副詞的最高級

　　1．三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞有in, of, among等。

　　Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the best possible education.(2024·全國大綱卷單選)

　　雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。

　　2．最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數(shù)詞，by far, nearly, almost等。

　　This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.(2024·遼寧高考單選)

　　這是我曾看過的最鼓舞人心的電影了。

　　3．最高級含義的其他表達(dá)法。

　　(1)“否定詞語＋比較級”或“否定詞語＋such/so ... as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。

　　—Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success?

　　—Yes, absolutely! It couldn’t be better.

　　——你認(rèn)為這屆中國全運(yùn)會成功嗎？

　　——是的，絕對成功！沒有比它更好的了。

　　(2)比較級形式表示最高級含義。

　　Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

　　＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.

　　＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class.

　　朱莉婭是她班上最高的女生。

　　4．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不適合的”“最不希望的”等。

　　The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.

　　他們最不樂意的是在生活艱難的紅色區(qū)域里工作。

　　四、形容詞(短語)作狀語

　　形容詞(短語)作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果，通常用來說明主語的情況，表示主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等，但并不表示動作的方式。

　　①After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.

　　經(jīng)過長時間旅行后，他們?nèi)齻€回到家，又餓又累。

　　②Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.

　　我們束手無策，只能眼睜睜地看著自己的家園被毀掉。

　　五、副詞作評論性狀語

　　連接副詞和修飾整個句子作評論性狀語的副詞，通常位于句首。有時也用于句中或句尾。

　　Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

　　謝天謝地，我終于打完比賽了，所有的辛苦都是值得的。

　　[知識積累]

　　形容詞和副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

　　1．常見的形容詞后綴

　　形容詞

　　后綴 意義 例詞

　　-able/

　　-ible 可……的；

　　能……的；

　　應(yīng)……的；

　　有……性質(zhì)的 acceptable可接受的

　　available

　　可利用的

　　valuable

　　有價值的

　　reasonable

　　合理的

　　accessible

　　可接近的

　　-al 與……有關(guān)的 typical　 　 　典型的

　　digital

　　數(shù)碼的

　　cultural

　　文化的

　　environmental

　　環(huán)境的

　　-ant/

　　-ent 是……的，處于……狀態(tài) frequent　頻繁的

　　convenient

　　方便的

　　efficient

　　效率高的

　　significant

　　有重大意義的

　　-ar 帶有……屬性的 regular　 　 　規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的

　　circular

　　環(huán)形的；圓的；循環(huán)的

　　-ary 與……有關(guān)的 ordinary　 普通的，平常的

　　voluntary

　　自愿的；志愿的

　　-d/-ed 有……的；

　　有……特征的 limited有限的

　　colored

　　有色的

　　surrounded

　　被……圍繞的

　　-ful 充滿……的；有……性質(zhì)(或傾向的) successful　 　 成功的

　　meaningful

　　有意義的

　　powerful

　　強(qiáng)大的

　　thankful

　　感激的

　　-less 無……的；沒有……的 endless 　 無盡的

　　aimless

　　無目標(biāo)的

　　powerless

　　無能為力的

　　-tive 有……傾向的 attractive　 　 迷人的

　　effective

　　有效的

　　instructive

　　有教育意義的

　　-y 多……的 foggy 多霧的

　　greedy

　　貪婪的

　　wealthy

　　富有的

　　healthy

　　健康的

　　2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞

　　情況 變化規(guī)則

　　例詞

　　一般情況 在詞尾加-ly immediate—immediately

　　wonderful—wonderfully

　　一些以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的形容詞 把-y改為-i，再加-ly easy—easily

　　angry—angrily

　　noisy—noisily

　　以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞 去e加-y possible—possibly

　　comfortable—comfortably

　　以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞 去e加-ly true—truly

　　以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞 在詞尾加-ly usual—usually

　　careful—carefully

　　以-ll結(jié)尾的形容詞 在詞尾加-y full—fully

　　[典題精選] [我來改正] [常設(shè)誤點]

　　①(2024·浙江高考)On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.

　　②(2024·陜西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. ①easy→easily

　　②well→good (1)形容詞與副詞的錯用

　　①修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞而不用形容詞；修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞；

　　②系動詞后作表語應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。

　　①(2024·四川高考) I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.

　　②(2024·南寧市適應(yīng)性測試)Sometime you may not be able to decide the situation you are in, but you can change your attitude. ①hardly→hard

　　②Sometime→

　　Sometimes (2)形近引起的錯用

　　有些詞詞形看似差不多但實際詞意相差甚遠(yuǎn)，例如：

　　①hard用作副詞時表示“努力地”，而hardly表示“幾乎不”；

　　②sometimes表示“有時”，而sometime表示“某個時候”；

　　③high表示具體的高，而highly表示抽象的高。

　　①(2024·陜西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.

　　②(2024·哈爾濱三中一模)I knew she would get much use of it than me.

　　③(2024·銀川一中一模)Moreover, it shows that people are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger. ①better→best

　　②much→more

　　③去掉more (3)比較等級的錯用

　　①比較級與最高級的錯用。表示二者比較用比較級；表示三者或三者以上比較用最高級；

　　②原級與比較級的錯用。若句中有than或暗含比較意味用比較級，若沒有比較意味或表示同等程度的比較則用原級；

　　③比較級的重復(fù)。若形容詞或副詞后面加了-er，前面就不能再用more。

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空

　　1．(2024·河南省高考適應(yīng)性模擬)I found it hard to hear her commentary (評論) as she seemed to be talking to only the three or four people closer (close) to her.

　　2．(2024·鄭州高三診斷)But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much better (good)．

　　3．(2024·河北保定二模)As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the more_likely (likely) we will be able to achieve our goals.

　　4．(2024·唐山一中仿真模擬一)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even younger (young) ages.

　　5．(2024·聊城二模)The more I thought about it, the worse (bad) my mood became.

　　6．(2024·聊城三模)One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.

　　7．(2024·濰坊一模)When you go out, far away from your daily (day) life, you will have a lot of exciting memories.

　　8．(2024·日照二模)I started to follow it again with a lighter (light) spirit than I had before.

　　9．(2024·沈陽一模)I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone’s day a little brighter (bright)．

　　10．(2024·沈陽質(zhì)檢)The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came closer (close) to us I could see that she was crying.

　　11．(2024·煙臺模擬)You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more_slowly (slowly)?

　　12．(2024·東北三校聯(lián)考)The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here earlier (early)．

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯

　　1．(2024·四川高考短文改錯)Don’t panic or get out of line，and try to remain quiet and calmly.calmly→calm

　　2．(2024·大綱版全國卷短文改錯)So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.really→real

　　3．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！wonderfully→wonderful