—OK. You ________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A．might

　　B．must

　　C．could

　　D．shall 答案　D　[句意：——媽媽，給我講個故事好嗎？——好，如果你盡快上床睡覺，我就給你講一個。本題考查情態動詞。shall在此處表示“允諾”，故選擇D項。]

　　①(2011·陜西卷)—Will you read me a story, Mummy?

　　—Don't worry. You ________have it by Friday. A．could

　　B．shall

　　C．must

　　D．may 答案　B　[句意：——我至今還沒有拿到參考書，但是下個月這個學科就要測試了。——別擔心，周五之前你一定會有的。本題考查情態動詞。shall用于第二人稱表示允諾、要求、命令、威脅等語氣，根據句意可知此處表示允諾的語氣，故答案為B。could能，能夠；must必須；may也許，均不符合語境，可排除。]

　　②(2010·江蘇卷)—I haven't got the reference book yet, but

　　I'll have a test on the subject next month.

　　—Khulaifi.________I spell that for you? A．Shall

　　B．Would

　　C．Can

　　D．Might 答案　A　[shall意為“……嗎，……好嗎，叫……好嗎，是不是想……”，用于征求對方的同意或意見。would用于第二人稱，表示“愿意”。can用于征得對方的同意，意為“可以，可能”。might用于征得對方的同意，意為“可以”，用于疑問句和建議時比may更委婉和禮貌。]

　　③(北京卷)—What's the name?

　　A．may

　　B．should

　　C．must

　　D．shall 答案　D　[在陳述語氣中，主語是第三人稱時，shall表示說話者的意圖，含有意旨、命令、恫嚇等，支配著對方的行動。這是法官的宣判，用shall比較合適。should“應該”，語氣不如shall強烈。] ④(重慶卷)“The interest ________be divided into five parts,

　　according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared

　　the judge.

　　A．shall

　　B．will

　　C．need

　　D．may 答案　A　[本題中shall表示威脅，命令。故選A。]

　　⑤It has been announced that all the students ________

　　put on masks(口罩)before going to school in case they

　　are infected with SARS virus.

　　表示請求、允許、允諾

　　①Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we...? ②Shall he/she/they...? ③Would/Will you...? Shall the driver wait outside? 司機在外邊等著可以嗎？ Would you do me a favor? 請幫我一下，好嗎？

　　1．當對方是決策者時，你向對方(you)請示或提出建議時用：

　　It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有試卷收上來之前，應試者必須待在自己的座位上。(規則或規定)

　　2．shall(尤其用于二、三人稱時)可表示威脅、命令、允諾、

　　決心(涉及法律規定時常用shall) (2024·江蘇卷)—Happy birthday! —Thank you! It's the best present I ________for. A．should have wished

　　B．must have wished C．may have wished

　　D．could have wished 答案　D　[這是我能夠期望的最好禮物。] (2024·陜西卷)I ________thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A．won't

　　B．can't

　　C．can

　　D．will 答案　B　[can't和too...或enough連用，表示……也不為過。]

　　熱點1·9 點擊進入word

　　情態動詞的其他用法要點

　　The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 盡管這場大火迅速蔓延到了整個賓館，但是每個人都逃了出去。 1．表能力

　　I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。

　　(1)“may well＋動詞原形”是一種常用結構，意為“完全能，很可能”，相當于“be very likely to＋動詞原形”。 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可為他的兒子感到自豪。 (2)“may as well＋動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不 如”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我們留在現在的地方倒也不錯。 2．cannot but＋do sth表示“不得不/只好做某事”。 3．may well和may as well結構。 4．cannot(或can never等)與enough連用表示“再……也不為過”。 5．may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

　　May you be happy.

　　祝你幸福。 6．should表示驚訝

　　常與wonder, surprise, astonish, shock, amaze, strange, curious等表吃驚的詞語連用。 ①Tom looked back but who should sit behind? Just his ex-wife. 湯姆回頭看，可誰竟會坐在他后面？他前妻。 ②It's strange that you should have arrived so early. 奇怪了，你來得這么早。 ③—That's unfair! —I'm really sorry. You should say such words. ——那不公平！ ——真遺憾。你居然說出這樣的話來。

　　名 師 招 招 鮮

　　(1)閱讀語法參考書，首先從整體上把握情態動詞的語法特征和語義特征； (2)逐個學習，了解每個情態動詞的用法特征； (3)認真區別具有相同功能的、意思相近的情態動詞的用法； (4)收集大量真實的口語材料(如教材中的對話材料及聽力材料)，在真實的交際情景中領悟它們的用法和特征。

　　1.

　　學習和掌握情態動詞的意義和用法，應遵循如下步驟： 2．解答情態動詞和虛擬語氣類的題目時，一定要細細領會情景特征，不要放過任何細節。只有這樣，才能找到足夠的有效信息，做出最佳選擇。 3．一定要將上面提到的高考熱點落到實處，反復咀嚼，反復演練，確保精通。(情態動詞用法繁多，本專題只對高考常考重點內容進行講述。)

　　*

　　A．do

　　B．don't

　　C．didn't

　　D．didn't do 答案　D　[本題考查虛擬語氣。在would rather后的賓語從句中也用虛擬語氣，其結構為would rather sb＋過去時。故選D。]

　　A．were

　　B．had been

　　C．is

　　D．has been 答案　A　[本題考查虛擬語氣。as if引導的從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發生，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。故選A。]

　　④Most insurance agents would rather you ________anything

　　about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. ⑤He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he________a Chinese.

　　A．has been

　　B．was

　　C．is

　　D．had been 答案　D　[本題考查虛擬語氣。as though引導的從句謂語動詞先于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作發生，as though引導的從句謂語動詞用過去完成時。D項正確。] ⑥Looking round the town, he felt as though he ________

　　away for ages.

　　A．is

　　B．were

　　C．has been

　　D．had been 答案　B　[句意：不要這么拿著這個花瓶，就好像它是鋼制成似的。本題考查虛擬語氣。as if意為“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子須使用虛擬語氣，并且所述情況是對現在事實的假設，因此使用一般過去時，故選擇B項。]

　　⑦(2024·北京卷)Don't handle the vase as if it________made

　　of steel. 1．wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能

　　實現的愿望。其謂語動詞構成形式為：

　　※if only＋句子＝How I wish＋(that)從句 If only I were a flying bird！＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飛鳥該多好啊！

　　2．在would rather后的賓語從句中，也用虛擬語氣，其結

　　構為：

　　I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.我寧愿沒告訴他那個壞消息。

　　如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發生，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作先于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用過去完成

　　3．虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導的從句中的運用 時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作后于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用過去將來時。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語如此流利，好像她在美國學過英語。

　　(2024·北京卷)We ________the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me? A．should face

　　B．might face C．could have faced

　　D．must have faced 答案　C　[考查虛擬語氣。由but和didn't看出與過去相反。]

　　熱點1·3 點擊進入word ※“本……卻……”是高考虛擬語氣重要的考查點，近些年虛擬語氣考查有上升趨勢，故更值得注意。

　　can/could have done 本來能夠做卻未做 cannot/could not have done 本來不能做卻做了 should/ought to have done 本該做，而實際上未做 should not/ought not to have done 本不該做而做了 needn't have done 本不必做而做了 had better have done　 當時最好做了(其否定式had better not have done表達相反的含義) 續表 would rather

　　have done　 寧愿當時做了(其否定式would rather not have done表達相反含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意) would like/love to have done sth 過去愿意做但未做成 intend/plan/be to have done sth 本計劃、打算做卻未做 wish/hope to

　　have done sth 本希望做卻未做 (2024·浙江卷)Had they known what was coming next, they ________second thoughts. A．may have

　　B．could have C．must have had

　　D．might have had 答案　D　[前面為倒裝省略形式，正常語序應為If they had known what was coming next，與過去相反假設。]

　　熱點1·4 點擊進入word 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用

　　從　句 主　句 與現在事實相反的假設 If＋主語＋動詞的過去式(be動詞用were) 主語＋should/would/could/might＋動詞原形 與過去事實相反的假設 If＋主語＋had＋過去分詞 主語＋should/would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞 與將來事實相反的假設 1.If＋主語＋動詞的過去式 2.If＋主語＋were to＋動

　　詞原形 3.If＋主語＋should＋動詞

　　原形 主語＋should/would/could/might＋動詞原形

　　在條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變為倒裝句式。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。 注意：當省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。

　　有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現if引導的條件狀語從句，而是通過其他手段來代替虛擬條件句。

　　1.

　　if省略句 2．含蓄條件句

　　but...(真實) If you had not helped me, I would have failed. ①Without your help, I would have failed. ②But for your help＝If it had not been your help ＝Had it not been your help I would have failed.

　　3．高考考查與過去相反 ③But that you had helped me, I would have failed. ④You helped me. Otherwise, I would have failed. ⑤You helped me, or/or else I would have failed. ⑥I would have failed but you helped me.

　　(上海卷)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A．wouldn't have fallen

　　B．had not fallen C．should fall

　　D．were to fall 答案　B　[考查虛擬語氣錯綜復雜句，從句與過去相反假設。]

　　熱點1·5

　　A．had not worked that hard

　　B．did not work that hard C．was not working that hard

　　D．were not working that hard 答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣錯綜復雜句。主句表示的行為所發生的時間為現在，而條件狀語從句表示與過去事實相反，故從句應用過去完成時，選A。]

　　①I would not be sitting in a comfortable office if I ________

　　at school.

　　A．studied

　　B．would study C．had studied

　　D．was studying 答案　C　[句意：也許如果當時我學習的是理科而不是文科的話，那么我(現在)就可以給你更多的幫助了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據then一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實相反，故if引導的從句部分用had done，故選C。] ②(2011·北京卷)Maybe if I ________science, and not literature

　　then, I would be able to give you more help. 當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜復雜句”，動詞的形式要根據它們所表示的時間做出相應的調整。 If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 如果你剛才聽了我的建議，你現在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學習的話，你現在就是一名大學生了。 ※一般考查主句與現在相反假設，從句與過去相反假設，一般有時間提示。

　　(浙江卷)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ________be very slow. A．should

　　B．must

　　C．will

　　D．can 答案　D　[can表示客觀存在較小的可能性。 ]

　　熱點1·6 點擊進入word

　　表推測(可能性) 1．可能性可分為客觀的可能性和具體事情實際發生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀的(理論的)可能性即并不涉及具體某事是否會發生，此種用法常常可以說明人或事物的特征。情態動詞can可用于肯定句中表示客觀的(理論的)可能性，而表示具體事情實際發生的可能性時，can一般不用于肯定句。

　　Accidents can happen on such rainy days.

　　這樣的多雨天氣可能會發生事故。(客觀的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 今晚我們可能去看電影，但還沒確定。(實際可能性，不用can)

　　(1)表示具體事情實際發生的可能性的層次比較：

　　2．表示具體事情實際發生的可能性 詞形 肯定式 否定式 疑問式 must 必定，必然 / / should 按說應該 應該不會 / ought to 按說應該 應該不會 / can / 不可能 有可能嗎？ could 微弱的可能 不可能 語氣比can弱 may 或許，也許，也未可知，也說不定 可能不 / might 比may還弱 比may not還弱 / (2)表示具體事情實際發生的可能性時，may, must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑問句(may not表示“可能不”)；can常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中，表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句 、疑問句中。 常見： 肯定句must＞should＞may＞might 否定句can not＞should not＞may not＞might not 疑問句can/could This can't/couldn't be done by him. 這不可能是他干的。(表不相信)

　　This may not be done by him. 這可能不是他干的。(表不確定) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 布什先生做一切事情都非常守時。開幕式他怎么可能會遲到呢？(表示疑惑、驚訝) I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我沒聽見電話鈴響，我一定是睡著了。(表肯定) —Are you coming to Jeff's party? ——你要來杰弗的聚會嗎？ —I'm not sure. I might go to the concert instead.(表不確定) ——我不確定，我可能要去音樂會。

　　(2024·課標全國Ⅰ卷)I ________use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. A．couldn't

　　B．mustn't

　　C．shouldn't

　　D．needn't 答案　D　[根據句意，火車準時經過我家，沒必要用鬧鐘。] (2024·重慶卷)—________you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone? —Sorry Sir, but it's urgent. A．Can

　　B．Should

　　C．Must

　　D．Would 答案　C　[must此處可譯為“偏偏”或“非要”。]

　　熱點1·7 點擊進入word

　　表示必要性 must常用來表示必要性，意為“必須”。 (1)must＋do sth(現在或將來)必須做某事 (2)don't have to do sth/don't need to do sth/needn't do sth(現在或將來)不必做某事 (3)表示過去沒必要做某事時，分為以下情況： ①needn't have done sth本來不必做而做了某事 ②didn't have to do sth/didn't need to do sth/It was not necessary to do sth(過去)不必做某事(不強調是否做了) You needn't have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那對你的身體沒好處。 ※1.mustn't have p．p形式不存在 因為：(1)mustn't表禁止，動作未發生 (2)must表推測，可能性全部否定用can't