A．there is

　　B．there was C．there to be

　　D．there being 答案　D　[句意：我不知道有這么多的人在公園里，D項為there be句型的-ing形式。可知本題選D。]

　　④I wondered at ________so many people in the park. (1)It is impossible for there to be such mistakes. (2)My wish is there to be a good job waiting ahead.　 (3)There being no bus, we had to walk home. (4)There to be guests, we're occupied with preparations.

　　there to be n．/pron.將要有/將要存在 there being n．/pron.已經有/已經存在

　　2．含義 性質作用 名 師 招 招 鮮

　　非謂語動詞解題“黃金法則” 法則一　辨析考查涉及的非謂語動詞的語法成分及形式 1．辨析應用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。解此類題目時，首先應注意辨析所缺少的是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，這樣才能作出正確的選擇。 2．分析句子所缺少的成分，以便選擇恰當的形式。非謂語動詞在句中通常可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補足語等。 法則二　分析非謂語動詞動作發生的時間

　　由非謂語動詞所表示的動作發生的時間決定其形式是此類題目考查的一個重點。因此，弄清非謂語動詞所 表示的動作發生的時間與整個句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作發生時間的先后順序是解題的關鍵。這種先后順序通常有三種：同時發生；在整個句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生；在整個句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發生。 法則三　辨析非謂語動詞動作與其邏輯主語是主謂關系還是動賓關系

　　非謂語動詞與句子主語之間的關系是此類題目考查的另一個重點。解題的關鍵是弄清非謂語動詞與句子主語之間的邏輯關系。 法則四　熟記一些固定或特殊的用法、搭配和結構

　　如果在掌握上述三條解題原則的基礎上對非謂語動詞的一些固定或特殊用法和搭配加以識記，定會事半功倍。 * Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空 ①The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ________

　　(catch)． ②I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail)across the

　　Atlantic Ocean in five days. ③I would appreciate your ______(call)back this afternoon. ④The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief

　　________(catch)． ⑤She didn't remember ________(meet)him before. ⑥We've always deeply regretted ________(sell)the house. ⑦This dictionary can't help ________(learn)the language. ⑧—When do you plan to leave?

　　—I mean ________(leave)tomorrow. 答案　①being caught　②sailing　③calling　④being caught　⑤meeting/having met　⑥selling/having sold　⑦(to)learn　⑧to leave

　　A．attacking

　　B．having attacked C．being attacked

　　D．having been attacked 答案　C　[句意：最近，中國加強對黃巖島附近水域的管控，以防止中國船在南海受到攻擊。本題考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語Chinese fishing boats與非謂語動詞之間為被動關系，所以排除A和B；根據句意知，加強管控的目的是為了防止受到攻擊而不是防止已經被攻擊，所以排除D。故答案為C項。]

　　Ⅱ.單項填空 ①(2024·福建卷)China recently tightened its waters controls

　　near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats

　　from ________in the South China Sea.

　　A．to watch

　　B．to watching C．watching

　　D．watch 答案　C　[spend...doing sth花費……做某事。]

　　②(2024·上海卷)According to a recent US survey, children

　　spend up to 25 hours a week ________TV.

　　決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。

　　主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。 (decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg) 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。 I can't afford to wait that long. 1．常跟不定式作賓語的動詞

　　考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。

　　避免錯過繼續練，否認完成就欣賞。

　　禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡。 (consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，設想)；avoid, miss, keep/keep on，practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

　　2．常跟動名詞作賓語的動詞 3．下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定

　　式作賓語，但意義上有區別，要特別注意。

　　4．在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動名詞作賓

　　語；如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，則用動詞不定式作

　　賓語補足語。

　　(全國卷)The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him ________． A．not to

　　B．not to do C．not do it

　　D．do not to 答案　A　[考查不定式省略。]

　　熱點4·7

　　—Sorry, I can't remember but I ________． A．would rather do not

　　B．would rather did not C．would rather have not

　　D．had better not 答案　C　[考查不定式省略。]

　　A．used to

　　B．used to be C．used to do

　　D．used to have 答案　B　[考查不定式省略。在省略的不定式結構中含有be，則應保留，故答案B正確。]

　　①—Did you inform her? ②He is thinner than he ________．

　　不定式省略

　　※不定式的省略一定要和一些特殊句型中不定式標志to省略區分開。省do保to是不定式的省略；省to保do是不定式標志的省略。

　　1．為避免重復不定式可在上下文中省略，僅保留to

　　①vt. to do(不定式作賓語) Come here any time if you want to(come here)．

　　2．不定式省略模式 ②vt. sb/sth to do(不定式作賓補) I can help you when you wish me to(help you)． ③be adj./p.p. to do(不定式作主補) Never leave unless (you're)told to(leave)． 常出現在下列動詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現在be glad/happy, would like/love等的后面。

　　I haven't been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. 我沒去過香港，但我希望去(那里)。 3．如果在省略的不定式結構中含有be, have, have been，則

　　這些詞要保留。 —Are you on holiday？——你在度假嗎？ —No, but I'd like to be.——不是，但我希望是(在度假)。 —I didn't tell him the news.——我沒告訴他那個消息。 —Oh, you ought to have.——噢，你應該(早)告訴(他)。

　　(2024·陜西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ________an even greater challenge. A．meets

　　B．meeting

　　C．meet

　　D．to meet 答案　D　[固定結構。] (2024·遼寧卷)This machine is very easy ________．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A．operating

　　B．to be operating C．operated

　　D．to operate 答案　D　[It be adj.(for)A to do B句型變式。]

　　熱點4·8 點擊進入word

　　We could do nothing but/other than wait. 我們除了等待什么都不能做。 He had no choice but to wait. 他別無選擇，只能等待。 另外，在cannot choose but, cannot help but(只好)，cannot but(只好)，had better, would rather后面的不定式也要省略to。

　　1．動詞不定式在but, other than，except后面時，如果but，

　　other than之前有行為動詞do的某種形式，那么其后的不定

　　式不帶to，否則就要帶to，即“前有do，后省to”。 He cannot choose but stay on. 他沒辦法只好待下去。 I cannot but agree to his terms. 我只得同意他的條件。 I would rather stay than do anything else. 我寧愿留下來也不愿做別的。

　　①不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式在邏輯上構成主謂關系時，不定式往往用主動形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon？(A knife cuts the watermelon.) 你有切西瓜的刀嗎？

　　2．不定式的主動形式和被動形式 ②不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式常用主動形式。 She has a sister to look after.(She looks after her sister.)她有個妹妹要照看。 ③不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了for sb。 It be adj.(for)A to do B It is difficult for him to understand this book. B be adj. (for A)to do

　　This book is difficult(for him)to understand.這本書(對他來說)很難讀懂。 He is a person easy to go with. 他是個容易相處的人。

　　There is a lot of work to do.(Someone has to do the work.)有很多工作要做。 There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.)有很多工作有待被做。

　　3．在there be結構中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某

　　件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調的是事情本

　　身必須被完成，則用被動形式。 4．動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中

　　常用動名詞作主語。

　　It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。

　　5．動詞need, require, want后跟動名詞主動形式或不定式被

　　動形式作賓語；跟不定式作賓補。特別注意be worth與be

　　worthy的區別。 6．注意以下表達的意義區別

　　(2024·安徽卷)When ________for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A．asking

　　B．asked C．having asked

　　D．to be asked 答案　B　[when(he was)asked for...job狀語從句省略。]

　　熱點4·9

　　A．being carried out

　　B．carrying out C．carried out

　　D．to carry out 答案　C　[句意：實驗表明，如果有規律地作適量的鍛煉，就能夠提高身體的健康狀況。首先，if carried out＝if it is carried out，依句意可知it＝proper amounts of exercise，與carry out構成動賓關系，所以用過去分詞表被動含義。而being carried out意為：正在被開展；carrying out與to carry out表主動含義，所以C項正確。]

　　①(2010·浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts

　　of exercise, if________regularly, can improve our health.

　　A．performed

　　B．performing C．to be performed

　　D．being performed 答案　A　[動詞-ed形式作狀語，表示被動，即表示貝多芬的作品是“被演奏”。performing是動詞-ing形式，表示主動。另外根據frequently這個詞，to be performed(將被演奏)和being performed(正在被演奏)都不對，應該選performed。]

　　②(廣東卷)No matter how frequently ________，the works

　　of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

　　(詳見省略見狀語從句熱點講解)

　　When you are questioned by the police, you'd better tell it as it is. ＝When questioned by the police, you'd better tell it as it is. ＝Questioned by the police, you'd better tell it as it is.

　　1．狀語從句引導詞＋非謂語系狀語從句省略所致 2．其作用相當于非謂語動詞作狀語 (全國卷)I've worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. A．expected

　　B．to expect C．to be expecting

　　D．expects 答案　B　[考查省略句，what to expect＝what I should expect。]

　　熱點4·10 (北京卷)—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else ________，is there? A．who to turn to

　　B．she can turn to C．for whom to turn

　　D．for her to turn 答案　B　[事實上這是個定語從句，答句省略了that，完整的答句應該是There is no one else(that)she can turn to, is there？而turn to sb也是固定搭配，意為：“向某人尋求幫助”。而這里的“sb”就是指前面的no one。故本題選B。] ※高考較多考查名詞性wh-to do (1)My puzzle is when to start. ＝My puzzle is when I should start. (2)I'll paint the building in which to start your school. ＝I'll paint the building in which you'll start your school.

　　(全國卷)He never dreamt of ________for him to be sent abroad very soon. A．being a chance

　　B．there being a chance C．there to be a chance

　　D．there's a chance 答案　B　[there being a chance作dream of的賓語，相當于賓語從句that there was a chance。]

　　熱點4·11

　　A．Not there being

　　B．There being not C．There not being

　　D．There was not 答案　B　[此句子是表明原因的獨立主格結構。變成原因狀語從句就是：As there was not enough time, we didn't finish the work或者There was not enough time, so we didn't finish the work.就是說，如果選D，句子里必須有as/so這樣的連接詞來連接前后兩句。故選B。]

　　①________enough time, we didn't finish the work.

　　A．there be

　　B．there being

　　C．there is

　　D．there to be

　　答案　A　[A項為there be句型的不定式形式，在let后應接省去to的不定式作賓補。]

　　A．there be

　　B．there being

　　C．there is

　　D．there to be

　　答案　D　[there to be為存在句型的不定式形式]

　　②I won't let ________any trouble. ③I don't want ________any trouble at all.

　　3．某些表示情緒的形容詞，如喜、怒、哀、樂等后跟不

　　定式表示原因

　　I'm glad to see you.

　　(2024·課標全國卷Ⅰ卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather ________． A．permitting

　　B．to permit

　　C．permitted

　　D．permit 答案　A　[考查獨立主格。weather permitting相當于if weather permits。]

　　熱點4·2

　　A．having

　　B．had

　　C．have

　　D．to have 答案　A　[句意：蝙蝠是一種壽命長得驚人的生物，一些蝙蝠壽命可長達約20年。題干中并沒有從屬連詞或并列連詞，設空處應為非謂語動詞，故排除B、C兩項；D項表示將來的動作。根據句意可知答案為A項。]

　　①(2011·浙江卷)Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures,

　　some ________a life span of around 20 years.

　　A．There to be no bus B．There being no bus C．There having no bus D．There to have no bus 答案　B　[考查獨立主格結構。There being no bus＝Because there is no bus。]

　　A．is ill

　　B．was ill

　　C．to be ill

　　D．ill 答案　D　[句意：媽媽病了，她感到難過，故選D。] ②________，I had to walk home. ③Mother ________，she felt sad. 1．結構：名詞/代詞(主格)＋非謂語形式(名詞/主格的代詞和其后的非謂語形式有邏輯主謂或動賓關系)

　　常見形式

　　※副詞必須為表狀態或處所的 Parents out, I feel lonely.

　　2．功能：一般作狀語 獨立主格 3．聯系：相當于同樣邏輯的狀語從句(主、從句主語不一

　　致或with介詞復合結構)

　　Book in hand，the teacher came in.

　　＝With a book in his hand, the teacher came in.

　　＝When/While a book was in his hand, the...in.

　　(2024·遼寧卷)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________them. A．to follow

　　B．following

　　C．followed

　　D．follows 答案　B　[考查with介詞復合結構。with their pet dog following them作伴隨狀語。]

　　熱點4·3