面對危化品隱患，你該怎么辦
Housekeeping is crucial to safe workplaces. It can help prevent injuries and improve productivity and morale.
打掃衛生對工作場所的安全至關重要，它有助于預防受傷，提高生產力，提振士氣。
The practice extends from traditional offices to industrial workplaces, including factories, warehouses and manufacturing plants that present special challenges such as hazardous materials, combustible dust and other flammables. Here are 11 tips for effective workplace housekeeping.
無論是傳統辦公室，還是工業生產車間，比如含特別風險(危險品、易燃粉塵和其他易燃物)的工廠、倉庫和制造廠，打掃衛生都很重要。以下是高效清潔工作場所的11個技巧。
1. Prevent slips, trips and falls
預防滑倒、絆倒和掉落
Report and clean up spills and leaks.
Consider installing mirrors and warning signs to help with blind spots.
Replace worn, ripped or damage flooring.
Use drip pans and guards.
有物體溢出、泄露時應報告上級并清理干凈。
考慮在盲區旁放置鏡子、張貼警示標志。
地板破損、裂開或有損壞時應更換。
使用滴油盤和防護裝置。
2. Eliminate fire hazards
消除火災隱患
Keep combustible materials in the work area only in amounts needed for the job. When they are unneeded, move them to an assigned safe storage area.
Store quick-burning, flammable materials in designated locations away from ignition sources.
Avoid contaminating clothes with flammable liquids. Change clothes if contamination occurs.
在工作場所只存放工作需要量的易燃物品。不需要時，將易燃品移至指定的安全儲藏區。
將速燃、易燃物品存儲在遠離火源的指定地點。
避免衣物沾染易燃液體。一旦沾染，趕快換掉衣服。
3.Control dust
控制粉塵
Dust accumulation of more than 0.8 millimeters – covering at least 5 percent of a room's surface poses a significant explosion hazard. Vacuuming is the "preferred" method of cleaning. Sweeping and water wash-down are other options. "Blow-downs" using compressed air or steam is allowed for inaccessible or unsafe surfaces.
粉塵沉積超過0.8毫米，覆蓋房間表面達5%或以上時，會有重大的爆炸隱患。吸塵器是清理灰塵的最佳選擇。清掃和灑水也是可選的。對于接觸不到或不安全的表面，可用壓縮空氣和蒸汽進行排氣清理。
4. Avoid tracking materials
避免留下痕跡
Work-area mats should be kept clean and maintained.
Separate cleaning protocols may be needed for different areas to prevent cross-contamination.
If the materials are toxic, industrial hygiene testing, uniforms and showering facilities might be needed.
工作場所里的墊子應保持干凈并加以保養。
不同場所應有獨立的清理規定，以防交叉污染。
如果這些物質有毒，需要進行工業衛生檢測，穿戴工作服，安裝淋浴設備。
5. Prevent falling objects
避免物體掉落
Protections such as a toe board can help prevent objects from falling and hitting workers or equipment. Other tips include stacking boxes and materials straight up and down to keep them from falling. Place heavy objects on lower shelves, and keep equipment away from the edges of desks and tables.
趾板等防護物品有助于預防物體掉落，以免擊中工人或設備。其他的建議包括：整齊堆放堆垛箱、物避免掉落;將重的物品放在低架子上;設備應遠離桌邊。
6. Clear clutter
清理雜物
Keep aisles, stairways, emergency exits, electrical panels and doors clear of clutter, and purge untidy areas. Empty trash receptacles before they overflow.
過道、樓梯、緊急出口、配電板和門口處禁止堆放雜物，臟亂場所應清理干凈。垃圾箱裝滿前應清空。
7. Store materials properly
正確儲藏物品
Storage areas should not have an accumulation of materials that present hazards for tripping, fire, explosion or pests. Unused materials and equipment should be stored out of the way of workers. Remember to put everything back in its proper place. Keeping a storage space nearby so workers are encouraged to use it.
儲藏區不應堆放可能絆倒人、引發火災和爆炸、招致害蟲的物品。未使用過的物品和設備應放在不影響工人的區域。謹記所有物品用完后應放到合適的地方。儲藏區應設在附近，以方便工人使用。
8. Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools
使用并檢查個人防護裝備和工具
Wear basic PPE – such as closed-toe shoes and safety glasses – while performing housekeeping. Determine what type of PPE to don based on the potential risks. Regularly inspect, clean and fix tools. Remove any damaged tools from the work area.
打掃衛生時穿戴基本的個人防護裝備，如包頭鞋、安全眼鏡。根據潛在的風險來判斷穿戴哪種類型的個人防護裝備。定期檢查、清理和修補工具。將所有損壞工具移出工作區。
9. Determine frequency
確定清潔頻率
All workers should participate in housekeeping, especially in terms of keeping their own work areas tidy, reporting safety hazards and cleaning up spills. A company should have a mixture of deep cleaning and more frequent, lighter cleaning that involves sweeping and responding to spills.
打掃衛生人人有責，特別是個人工作區應保持干凈，上報安全隱患并清理泄漏液體。公司應既有全面大掃除，又經常做一般性清掃，如掃除垃圾，清理泄漏液體。
10. Create written rules
制定書面規則
Housekeeping policies should be put in writing. Written protocols could specify which cleaners, tools and methods should be used.
清潔衛生制度應以書面形式呈現出來。書面協議可以明確規定應該使用哪種清潔劑、工具和方法。
11. Think long-term
著眼長遠
Housekeeping should be more than a one-time initiative. Keep records, maintain a regular walkthrough inspection schedule, report hazards and train employees to help sustain housekeeping.
清潔衛生不應該只是三分鐘熱度。應該做記錄，定期做全面檢查，匯報隱患，指導員工經常清潔衛生。
Vocabulary
combustible: 易燃的
flammable: 易燃物
trip: 絆倒
ignition: 點燃
toxic: 有毒的
purge: 清洗
PPE (personal protective equipment): 個人防護設備
Housekeeping is crucial to safe workplaces. It can help prevent injuries and improve productivity and morale.
打掃衛生對工作場所的安全至關重要，它有助于預防受傷，提高生產力，提振士氣。
The practice extends from traditional offices to industrial workplaces, including factories, warehouses and manufacturing plants that present special challenges such as hazardous materials, combustible dust and other flammables. Here are 11 tips for effective workplace housekeeping.
無論是傳統辦公室，還是工業生產車間，比如含特別風險(危險品、易燃粉塵和其他易燃物)的工廠、倉庫和制造廠，打掃衛生都很重要。以下是高效清潔工作場所的11個技巧。
1. Prevent slips, trips and falls
預防滑倒、絆倒和掉落
Report and clean up spills and leaks.
Consider installing mirrors and warning signs to help with blind spots.
Replace worn, ripped or damage flooring.
Use drip pans and guards.
有物體溢出、泄露時應報告上級并清理干凈。
考慮在盲區旁放置鏡子、張貼警示標志。
地板破損、裂開或有損壞時應更換。
使用滴油盤和防護裝置。
2. Eliminate fire hazards
消除火災隱患
Keep combustible materials in the work area only in amounts needed for the job. When they are unneeded, move them to an assigned safe storage area.
Store quick-burning, flammable materials in designated locations away from ignition sources.
Avoid contaminating clothes with flammable liquids. Change clothes if contamination occurs.
在工作場所只存放工作需要量的易燃物品。不需要時，將易燃品移至指定的安全儲藏區。
將速燃、易燃物品存儲在遠離火源的指定地點。
避免衣物沾染易燃液體。一旦沾染，趕快換掉衣服。
3.Control dust
控制粉塵
Dust accumulation of more than 0.8 millimeters – covering at least 5 percent of a room's surface poses a significant explosion hazard. Vacuuming is the "preferred" method of cleaning. Sweeping and water wash-down are other options. "Blow-downs" using compressed air or steam is allowed for inaccessible or unsafe surfaces.
粉塵沉積超過0.8毫米，覆蓋房間表面達5%或以上時，會有重大的爆炸隱患。吸塵器是清理灰塵的最佳選擇。清掃和灑水也是可選的。對于接觸不到或不安全的表面，可用壓縮空氣和蒸汽進行排氣清理。
4. Avoid tracking materials
避免留下痕跡
Work-area mats should be kept clean and maintained.
Separate cleaning protocols may be needed for different areas to prevent cross-contamination.
If the materials are toxic, industrial hygiene testing, uniforms and showering facilities might be needed.
工作場所里的墊子應保持干凈并加以保養。
不同場所應有獨立的清理規定，以防交叉污染。
如果這些物質有毒，需要進行工業衛生檢測，穿戴工作服，安裝淋浴設備。
5. Prevent falling objects
避免物體掉落
Protections such as a toe board can help prevent objects from falling and hitting workers or equipment. Other tips include stacking boxes and materials straight up and down to keep them from falling. Place heavy objects on lower shelves, and keep equipment away from the edges of desks and tables.
趾板等防護物品有助于預防物體掉落，以免擊中工人或設備。其他的建議包括：整齊堆放堆垛箱、物避免掉落;將重的物品放在低架子上;設備應遠離桌邊。
6. Clear clutter
清理雜物
Keep aisles, stairways, emergency exits, electrical panels and doors clear of clutter, and purge untidy areas. Empty trash receptacles before they overflow.
過道、樓梯、緊急出口、配電板和門口處禁止堆放雜物，臟亂場所應清理干凈。垃圾箱裝滿前應清空。
7. Store materials properly
正確儲藏物品
Storage areas should not have an accumulation of materials that present hazards for tripping, fire, explosion or pests. Unused materials and equipment should be stored out of the way of workers. Remember to put everything back in its proper place. Keeping a storage space nearby so workers are encouraged to use it.
儲藏區不應堆放可能絆倒人、引發火災和爆炸、招致害蟲的物品。未使用過的物品和設備應放在不影響工人的區域。謹記所有物品用完后應放到合適的地方。儲藏區應設在附近，以方便工人使用。
8. Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools
使用并檢查個人防護裝備和工具
Wear basic PPE – such as closed-toe shoes and safety glasses – while performing housekeeping. Determine what type of PPE to don based on the potential risks. Regularly inspect, clean and fix tools. Remove any damaged tools from the work area.
打掃衛生時穿戴基本的個人防護裝備，如包頭鞋、安全眼鏡。根據潛在的風險來判斷穿戴哪種類型的個人防護裝備。定期檢查、清理和修補工具。將所有損壞工具移出工作區。
9. Determine frequency
確定清潔頻率
All workers should participate in housekeeping, especially in terms of keeping their own work areas tidy, reporting safety hazards and cleaning up spills. A company should have a mixture of deep cleaning and more frequent, lighter cleaning that involves sweeping and responding to spills.
打掃衛生人人有責，特別是個人工作區應保持干凈，上報安全隱患并清理泄漏液體。公司應既有全面大掃除，又經常做一般性清掃，如掃除垃圾，清理泄漏液體。
10. Create written rules
制定書面規則
Housekeeping policies should be put in writing. Written protocols could specify which cleaners, tools and methods should be used.
清潔衛生制度應以書面形式呈現出來。書面協議可以明確規定應該使用哪種清潔劑、工具和方法。
11. Think long-term
著眼長遠
Housekeeping should be more than a one-time initiative. Keep records, maintain a regular walkthrough inspection schedule, report hazards and train employees to help sustain housekeeping.
清潔衛生不應該只是三分鐘熱度。應該做記錄，定期做全面檢查，匯報隱患，指導員工經常清潔衛生。
Vocabulary
combustible: 易燃的
flammable: 易燃物
trip: 絆倒
ignition: 點燃
toxic: 有毒的
purge: 清洗
PPE (personal protective equipment): 個人防護設備
