閱讀理解----(2024·天津市十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考二，C)

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

　　However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an pposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued.

　　Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章首先提出論點“現(xiàn)代社會關(guān)于競爭有很多爭議”，然后詳細分析了不同人對競爭的不同看法。

　　16．What does this passage mainly talk about?

　　A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.

　　B．Opinions about competition are different among people.

　　C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

　　D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

　　答案：B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，現(xiàn)代社會關(guān)于競爭有很多爭議。下文內(nèi)容圍繞這一點詳細分析了不同人對競爭的不同看法，因此這便是文章的中心論點。故B項正確。

　　17．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

　　A．It builds up a sense of duty.

　　B．It pushes society forward.

　　C．It improves personal abilities.

　　D．It encourages individual efforts.

　　答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人認為競爭是社會進步和繁榮的動力。故B項正確。

　　18．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

　　A．those who try their best to win

　　B．those who value competition most highly

　　C．those who are against competition most strongly

　　D．those who rely on others most for success

　　答案：C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的態(tài)度。在只注重贏家而不注意普通人的文化價值觀下，他們強烈譴責(zé)競爭。其中最直言不諱的就是那些來自父母和社會的競爭壓力下掙扎的年輕人。根據(jù)“Among”可知，畫線詞是指上文提到的那些強烈譴責(zé)競爭的人。故C項正確。

　　19．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？

　　A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'.

　　B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.

　　C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.

　　D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.

　　答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A項正確。

　　20．Which point of view may the author agree to?

　　A．Every effort should be paid back.

　　B．Competition should be encouraged.

　　C．Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.

　　D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不難看出作者的態(tài)度；只有消除競爭中的畏懼心理，我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)競爭的意義。故D項正確。

　　閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑 A

　　Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A person who is physically fit will be able to walk or run without getting breathless and he or she will be able to carry out the activities of everyday living and will not need help. How much each person can do will depend on their age and whether they are a man or woman. A physically fit person usually has a normal weight for height. The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. A taller person can be heavier and still be fit. If a person is too heavy or too thin for the height it may affect the health.

　　Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being. "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her thinking and emotional (feeling) abilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life."

　　One way to think about mental health is by looking at how well a person functions. Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back," or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.

　　Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health. This is fixed by organized efforts and choices of society, public and private clubs, communities and individuals.

　　It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. Public health stops instead of encouraging a disease through surveillance (監(jiān)督) of cases. To prevent being sick, it is good to do healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, vaccination programs and so on. When infectious diseases break out, washing hands may be especially important.

　　26. What is the best title of the passage?

　　A. Physical, Mental and Public Health B. Something about Health

　　C. Importance of Health D. Three healthy Lives

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】標題歸納題。根據(jù)Physical fitness refers to good healthMental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being.及Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health.這是主題句，分別敘述了身體健康，精神健康及公共衛(wèi)生，故選A。27. What does “Body Mass Index” in Paragraph 1 consist of?

　　A. Exercise, proper diet and nutrition B. Abilities, functions and demands

　　C. Recovery, independence and relation D. Height, weight and their relation.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index.

　　28. What are the signs of mental health?

　　A. Living an independent life and suffer from hardships.

　　B. Reducing normal levels of stress and handle "bounce back".

　　C. Increasing emotional demands and psychological well-being.

　　D. Living an independent life and own good friends and family.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back," or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.29. Once Bird Flu takes place, that refers to ________.

　　A. the problem of physical health B. the problem of public health

　　C. the problem of mental health D. the importance of washing hands

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person.公共健康不是指一個人的而是指一個社區(qū)或集體，禽流感的發(fā)生是由于公共健康的問題，故選B。

　　30. What can promote your body health according to the passage?

　　A. Family, society and individuals.

　　B. Private clubs, communities and individuals.

　　C. Regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition.

　　D. Hand washing, vaccination and other healthy behaviors.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition,

　　閱讀理解----D

　　(2024·哈爾濱市質(zhì)檢，D)

　　As the richest country in the world, you'd expect that Qatar would also be the happiest. And you'd also expect Japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. But clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries.

　　The poll (民意測驗) of nearly 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the world's 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in Latin America. Gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were wellrested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day.

　　In Panama and Paraguay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. They were followed closely by El Salvador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Guatemala, the Philippines, Ecuador and Costa Rica.

　　The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore, the wealthy and orderly citystate that ranks among the most developed in the world. Other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. Germany and France tied with the poor African state of Somaliland for 47th place.

　　Many of the seven countries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of wellbeing, like Guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gangdriven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. Guatemala sits just above Iraq on the United Nations' Human Development Index,

　　a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income. But it ranks seventh in positive emotions.

　　In Guatemala, it's a culture of friendly people who are always smiling, said Luz Castillo, a 30yearold surfing instructor. Despite all the problems that we're facing, we're surrounded by natural beauty that lets us get away from it all.

　　The poll shows that prosperous nations can also be deeply unhappy ones. And povertystricken ones are often positive, or at least a close approximation (大約) of it.

　　文章大意：本文為一篇調(diào)查報道。通過對世界各國的民意測驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，幸福指數(shù)與健康和財富無關(guān)。

　　12．________ may feel the most unhappy according to the poll.

　　A．People from Qatar

　　B．People from Thailand

　　C．People from Japan

　　D．People from Singapore

　　答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore”可知，通過民意測驗生活在新加坡的人民的幸福指數(shù)最低。故答案選D。

　　13．The underlined word “Gallup” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.

　　A．a(chǎn) country

　　B．a(chǎn) polling organization

　　C．a(chǎn) person

　　D．a(chǎn) magazine

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，這項民意測驗調(diào)查了世界各地的15萬人，發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福指數(shù)最高的10個國家中有7個國家位于拉丁美洲，這個民意調(diào)查組織調(diào)查了148個國家，每個國家測驗了大約1千人。因此Gallup應(yīng)為進行這項民意測驗調(diào)查的組織機構(gòu)。故答案選B。

　　14．Which of the following is not included in the United Nations' Human Development Index?

　　A．Life expectancy.

　　B．Education.

　　C．Natural beauty.

　　D．Per capita income.

　　答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“... on the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income.”可知，這項指數(shù)當中不包含C項內(nèi)容。故答案選C。

　　15．What's the best title of the text?

　　A．Happiness does not depend on wealth

　　B．How to live happily?

　　C．Health leads to happiness

　　D．What are the standards to be happy men?

　　答案：A　標題概括題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要對一項民意測驗調(diào)查進行了報道說明。測驗結(jié)果表明，幸福與健康和財富無關(guān)。因此，A項適宜作為標題使用。故答案選A。

　　閱讀理解----------B

　　The best and worst part about being a twenty-something is that every decision you make can change the rest of your life. Once you're in your 30's or 40's, it gets harder and harder to reinvent yourself. So I made an interview with Dr. Meg Jay, the clinical psychologist. He explains why the twenties matter, and how to make the most of them.

　　In Dr. Meg Jay's opinion, our 20s are the defining decade of adulthood. 80% of life's most important moments take place by about age 35. And 2/3 of lifetime wage growth happens during the first ten years of a career. More than half of Americans are married or are dating or living with their future partner by age 30. Personality can change more during our 20s than at any other decade in life. Female fertility(生育能力) peaks at 28. The brain caps off (結(jié)束) its last major growth. When it comes to adult development, 30 is not the new 20. Even if you do nothing, not making choices is a choice all the same. Don't be defined by what you didn't know or didn't do.

　　On the other hand, I also ask him how the 20s track their progress toward their future goals and whether milestones like 21 and 30 are really important. Dr. Meg Jay think it absolutely important. Milestones--21, 25, 30, New Year's, birthdays, reunions--are important because they cause self-reflection. What he mentioned are as follows: Am I where I wanted to be by this age? Did I do what I said I would do this year? If not, why not. And if not now, when? A 20-year-old girl who interviewed me recently told me about a question she was advised to ask herself as she moved through adulthood: "If you keep living your life exactly as it is, where will you be in 3 years?" If you don't like the answer, now is the time to change course.

　　Surely the 20s are for experimenting, but not just with philosophies(人生觀) and vacations and substances(物質(zhì)). The 20s are your best chance to experiment with jobs and relationships. Then each move can be more intentional and more informed than the last.

　　31. Once you make a decision in your 20's, it will __________.

　　A. be the best part B. be the worst part

　　C. change your whole life D. affect your future life

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細節(jié)理解題。第一段第一句every decision you make can change the rest of your life.32. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A. Decisive B. Describing